Evaluation of diagnostic methods for the Detection of Bovine Coronavirus and Rotavirus in feces of diarrheic calves


Опубликован: Jul 9, 2022
Mohammad Hamedian-Asl
Amir Zakian
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4749
Saeid Azimpour
Farshid Davoodi
Human Kahroba
Аннотация

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), immunochromatographic (ICG), and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods for the detection of rotavirus (RV) and bovine coronavirus (BCV). Feces samples were collected from 90 diarrhoeic calves (male and female) up to one month of age and the immune response against RV and BCV infection was assessed by using ELISA (Ag and Ab), ICG, and RT-PCR. To determine the performance and accuracy of each diagnostic method in comparison to the diagnostic gold standard (RT-PCR) method, different statistical tests including receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), concordance correlation were used. Results shown the prevalence of RV and BCV and RV+BCV according to RT-PCR were equal to 8.89 (95% CI: 6.64-10.07), 14.44 (95% CI: 11.23-6.90), and 2.22 (95% CI: 0.89-3.72), respectively. The best agreement and the highest sensitivity and specificity were obtained between the RT-PCR and AgELISA (100% and 94.3%), and then AbELISA (100% and 94.3%) was the second-best test and also the ICG test (95% and 94.3%) was less accurate method in comparison to ELISA methods for identifying RV and BCV, but a good correlation and concordance between ICG diagnostic techniques and RT-PCR were observed. To put it in a nutshell, our results suggest that the ICG assay may improve the ability to diagnose calves RV and BCV infections accurately and quickly. Promoting rapid IGG kit with higher accuracy in early diagnosis of the cause of diarrhoea plays an important role in its therapeutic regimes, management protocols, and control procedures, but ELISA is preferred due to more precise results.

Article Details
  • Раздел
  • Research Articles
Скачивания
Данные скачивания пока недоступны.
Биография автора
Amir Zakian, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

Assistant Professor

Large Animal Internal Medicine

Библиографические ссылки
Bablok W, Passing H. (1985). Application of statistical procedures in analytical instrument testing. J. Auto. Chem., 2: 74-79.
Boileau M.J. Kapil S. (2010). Bovine Coronavirus Associated Syndromes. Vet Clinic North Ame Food Animal Prac., 26: 123–46.
Busato A, Lentze T, Hofer D, Burnens A, Hentrich B, Gaillard C. (1998). A case control study of potential enteric pathogens for calves raised in cow-calf herds. J. Vet. Med. B, 45: 519-528.
Chauhan R.S, Singh N.P (1996). Epidemiology of rotavirus infection in calves in India. Int. J. Animal Sci., 11: 221-223.
Cho Y.I, Kim W.I, Liu S, Kinyon J.M, Yoon K.J. (2010). Development of a panel of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for simultaneous detection of major agents causing calf diarrhea in feces. J. Vet. Diag. Invest., 22: 509-517.
Cho Y.I, Sun D, Cooper V. (2012). Evaluation of a commercial rapid test kit for detecting bovine enteric pathogens in feces. J. Vet. Diag. Invest., 24: 559-562.
Cho Y, Yoon K. (2014). An overview of calf diarrhea-infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention. J. Vet. Sci., 15: 1-17.
Dash S.K, Kumar K, Goel A, Bhatia A.K. (2012). Detection of corona virus antigen by ELISA from diarrhoeic cow calves in Mathura, India. Vet. World, 5: 166-168.
Dhama K, Chauhan R.S, Mahendran M, Malik S.V.S. (2009). Rotavirus diarrhea in bovines and other domestic animals. Vet. Res. Commun, 33(1): 1-23.
Fernandes B.A, Fernandes A.A, Tancler S.D, Alcindo A.A. (2009). Bovine Coronavirus detection in collection of diarrheic stool samples positive for group A bovine Rotavirus. Braz. Arch. Biolo. Tech., 52: 45-49.
Fremont A, Cornuejols M.J, Couquet C. (2004). Enquête épidémiologique sur les diarrhées néonatales. Point. Vét., 35: 20-23.
Grimes D.A, Schulz K.F. (2005). Surrogate end points in clinical research: hazardous to your health. Obstet. Gynecol., 105: 1114-1118.
Goodman D, Haji H.J, Bickle Q.D, Stoltzfus R.J, Tielsch J.M, Ramsn M, Savioli L, Albonico M. (2007). A comparison of methods for detecting the eggs of Ascaris, Trichuris, and hookworms in infant stool, and the epidemiology of infection in Zanzibar infants. Amer. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 76: 725–731.
Habtamu K, Degarege A, Ye-Ebiyo Y, Erko B. (2011). Comparison of the Kato-Katz and FLOTAC techniques for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infections. Parasitol. Intern., 60: 398–402.
Hansa A, Rai R.B, Yaqoob W, Dhama K. (2012). ELISA and RT-PCR based detection of bovine coronavirus in Northern India. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 7: 1120-1129.
Icen H, Berrin Arserim N, Isik N, Ozkan C, Kaya A. (2013). Prevalence of four enteropathogens with Immunochromatographic rapid test in the feces of diarrheic calves in east and southeast of Turkey. Pak. Vet. J., 33: 496-499.
Izzo MM, Kirkland PD, Gu X, Lele Y, Gunn AA, House JK. (2012). Comparison of three diagnostic techniques for detection of rotavirus and coronavirus in calf faeces in Australia. Australian Vet. J., 90: 122-129.
Jensen A.L, Kjelgaard-Hansen M. (2006). Method comparison in the clinical laboratory. Vet. Clin. Pathol., 35: 276-286.
Khan A, Khan M.Z. (1991). Aetiopathology of neonatal calf mortality. J. Isclamic Acad. Sci., 4: 159-165.
Klein D, Kern A, Lapan G, Benetka V, Möstl K, Hassl A, Baumgartner W. (2009). Evaluation of rapid assays for the detection of bovine coronavirus, rotavirus A and Cryptosporidium parvum in faecal samples of calves. Vet. J., 182: 484-486.
Koczula K, Gallotta A. (2016). Lateral flow assays. Essays in Bioch., 60: 111-120.
Kumar S.S, Rai R.B, Dhama K, Ranganath G.J, Saminathan M, Wani M.Y, Saravanan R. (2013). Detection of bovine coronavirus in calf diarrheic samples by indirect antigen capture ELISA and RT-PCR. Research Opinion Anim. Vet. Sci., 3: 225-234.
Landis J.R, Koch G.G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33: 159-174.
Lanz Uhde F, Kaufmann T, Sager H, Albini S, Zanoni R, Schelling E. (2008). Prevalence of four enteropathogens in the faeces of young diarrhoeic dairy calves in Switzerland. Vet. Rec., 163: 362-366.
Lorino T, Daudin J.J, Robin S, Sanna M. (2005). Factors associated with time to neonatal diarrhea in French beef calves. Prev. Vet. Med., 68: 91-102.
Lotfollahzadeh S, Madadgar O, Mohebbi M.R, Mokhber Dezfouli M.R, Watson D.G. (2020). Bovine coronavirus in neonatal calf diarrhoea in Iran. Vet. Med. Sci., 00:1-9.
Luginbühl A, Reitt K, Metzler A. (2005). Field study of the prevalence and diagnosis of diarrhea-causing agents in the newborn calf in a Swiss veterinary practice area. Schweiz Arch. Tierheilkd, 147: 245-252.
McBride G.B. (2003). Statistical validation criteria for drinking-water microbiological methods. NIWA Client Report: HAM2003-012. Report to Ministry of Health. 17p.
McBride G.B. (2005). A proposal for strength-of-agreement criteria for Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient. NIWA Client Report: HAM2005-062. Report to Ministry of Health.
Mohebbi M, Lotfollahzadeh S, Madadgar O, Mokhber Dezfouli M. (2017). A survey on detection of coronavirus in neonatal calf diarrhea in dairy farms of Iran. Iranian J. Vet. Med., 11: 201-208.
Morshedi A, Rabbani M, Zahraei Salehi T, Rezazadeh F, Taghipour-Bazargani T. (2010). Evaluation of antibodies levels against Escherichia coli, rotavirus and coronavirus in the colostrum of non-vaccinated cows in southern Tehran, Iran. Inter. J. Vet. Res., 4: 217-219.
Nazoktabar A, Madadgar O, Keyvanfar H, Zahraei Salehi T, Mehdizadeh Dastjerdi A, Moosakhani F. (2013). Molecular typing of group A bovine rotavirus of calves in the provinces of Tehran, Alborz and Qazvin. Iran J. Vet. Med., 6: 219-226.
Oliveira Filho J.P, Silva D.P.G, Pacheco M.D, Mascarini L.M, Ribeiro M.G, Alfieri A.A, Alfieri A.F, Stipp D.T, Barros B.J.P, Borges A.S. (2007). Diarrhea in Nelore calves: Clinical and etiologic study. Braz. J. Vet. Res., 27: 419-424.
Pires Moraes M, Weiblen R, Cesar Rebelatto M, da Silva A.M. (2000). Relationship between passive immunity and morbidity and weight gain in dairy cattle. Cienc. Rural, 30(2): 299-304.
Schwarz B.A, Bange R, Vahlenkamp T.W. (2002). Detection and quantitation of group A rotaviruses by competitive and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. J. Virol. Meth., 105: 277-85.
Scott P.R. (2004). Calf Diarrhoea In: Bovine Medicine. Eds. Andrews, A.H., Blowey R.W, Boyd H. and Eddy R.G. Blackwell Publishing.
Simenov I, Peev Y, Iordanov V. (1981). Etiology of enteritis in new born calves in the Varchan region of Bulgaria. Vet. Sbrika., 79: 19-23.
Snodgrass D.R, Terzolo H.R, Campbell D. (1986). Etiology of diarrhea in young calves. Vet. Rec., 119: 31-34.
Sunniva Oma V, Traven M, Alenius S, Myrmel M, Stokstad M. (2016). Bovine coronavirus in naturally and experimentally exposed calves; viral shedding and the potential for transmission. Virol. J., 13: 100.
Suresh T, Rai RB, Dhama K, Bhatt P, Sawant P.M, Sharma A.K. (2012). Prevalence of rotavirus, coronavirus and Escherichia coli: The main agents responsible for calf diarrhea. Vet. Pract., 13: 160-165.
Thrusfield M. Sampling. (1995). In: Veterinary Epidemiology, 2nd Edition, Black Well Science Ltd., London, 179-284.
Tsunemitsu H, Smith D.R, Saif L.J. (1999). Experimental inoculation of adult dairy cows with bovine coronavirus and detection of coronavirus in feces by RT-PCR. Arch. Virol., 144: 167-175.
Uhde F.L, Kaufmann T, Sager H, Albini S, Zanoni R, Schelling E, Meylan M. (2008). Prevalence of four enteropathogens in the faeces of young diarrhoeic dairy calves in Switzerland. Vet. Rec., 163: 362-366
Van Mannen C, Mars M.H, Van der Meulen A.M, Sande H, Blok H.A, Reusken C.B.E.M. (2008). Detection of enteropathogens involved in calf neonatal diarrhoea: Validation of Elisas and lateral flow immunoassays as compared with reference methods. GD Animal Health, Deventer, the Netherlands.
Zakian A, Nouri M, Rasooli A, Ghorbanpour A, Constable P.D, Mohammad-Sadegh M. (2018). Evaluation of 5 methods for diagnosing failure of passive transfer in 160 Holstein calves. Vet. Clinical Path., 47: 275-283.