Δεν είμαστε όλες σε αναμονή για τη «λήξη» της πανδημίας: φεμινιστικές αρθρώσεις για την έμφυλη βία στη Λατινική Αμερική


Published: Jun 24, 2022
Keywords:
gender, gender based violence, feminism, pandemic, Latin America, movements
Ματίνα Παπαγιαννοπούλου
Ναυσικά Μοσχοβάκου
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7417-1951
Abstract



The pandemic outbreak has brought to the forefront pre-existing rooted and interconnected gender inequalities, intersected with systems of oppression and vulnerability. Under these circumstances, gender-based violence disproportionately affected those who were already most likely to experience such incidents, and related reports rates were increased worldwide. In Latin America, where some of the highest rates of gender-based violence and femicides have been reported over the years, feminist movements, grass root collectives and social rights’ groups have opened up new ways of expression to address gender, racial, class and other social tensions that are identified at the social policy field. Beyond institutional frameworks, forms of collective feminist response, solidarity and resistance were forged through the invention and development of alternative practices, structures and services for survivors of gender-based violence. These ventures form a strong “we” that shifts from the (inter)local to the transnational level, and reveal new possibilities of collective feminist articulation against violence, poverty and exclusion.




Article Details
  • Section
  • Articles
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Ξενόγλωσσες
Abwola, N. and Micheli, I. (2020). What Happened? How the Humanitarian Response to COVID-19 Failed to Protect Women and Girls, IRC / International Rescue Committee, https://www.rescue.org/sites/default/files/document/5281/ircwpecovidreportv7.pdf
Acciari, L. (2020). “Care for Those who Care for You! Domestic Workers’ Struggles in Times of Pandemic Crisis”, Interface: A journal for and about social movements, 12 (1), pp. 121-127.
Al-Ali (2020). “Covid-19 and Feminism in the Global South: Challenges, Initiatives and Dilemmas”, European Journal of Women’s Studies, 27 (4), pp. 333-347.
Arruzza, C., Bhattacharya, T. and Fraser, N. (2019). Feminism for the 99 Percent. A Manifesto, London, New York: Verso.
Athanasiou, A. (2017). Agonistic Mourning: Political Dissidence and the Women in Black, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Bhattacharya, T. (2017). “What the Women’s Strike Means”, Jacobin, https://www.jacobinmag. com/2017/03/international-womens-strike-march-8-capitalism/
Branigan, C. (2020). “Feminists Fight Covid on Buenos Aires’ Urban Margins”, NACLA Report on the Americas, https://nacla.org/news/2020/06/16/feminists-covid-argentina
Burns, B. and Reyes, E. (2020). “Feminist Solidarity for a Collective Response to COVID-19”, The World at 10C, https://worldat1c.org/feminist-solidarityfor-a-collective-response-to-covid- 19-1ce3df2f38ca
Burrell, St. and Ruxton, S. (2020). “Coronavirus Reveals just how Deep Macho Stereotypes Run through Society”, The Conversation, https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-reveals- just-how-deep-macho-stereotypes-run-through-society-134968?fbclid=IwAR1Iw7tt5o6OZip hsFqDPVXhwVjNJHZNLeqyHxZui3Z_eTdajxaPDXVs3Hc
Butler, J. (2016). “Rethinking Vulnerability and Resistance”, in J. Butler, Z. Gambetti and L. Sabsay, Vulnerability in Resistance, Durham and London: Duke University Press, pp. 12-28.
Gago, V. (2020). Feminist International: How to Change Everything, New York: Verso. Carcelén, C.F. (2021). Coronavirus Pandemic: Grasping the Outbreak with a Feminist Perspective, Eurogender.
Chatzidakis, A., Hakim, J., Littler, J., Rottenberg, C. and Segal, L. (2020). “From Carewashing to Radical Care: The Discursive Explosions of Care during Covid-19”, Feminist Media Studies, 20 (6), pp. 889-895.
Cross Border Feminists (2020). Cross-Border Feminist Manifesto, https://spectrejournal.com/ cross-border-feminist-manifesto/
EQUIS, Justicia para Mujeres; RNR, Red Nacional de Refugios; Intersecta (2020). Informe Elaborado Para La Relatora Especial de Naciones Unidas Sobre La Violencia Contra La Mujer, Sus Causas y Consecuencias.
EWL/European Women’s Lobby (2020). Women Must not Pay the Price for COVID-19: Putting Equality between Women and Men at the Heart of the Response to COVID-19 across Europe, Policy Brief.
FAR/Feminist Alliance for Rights (2020). Call for a Feminist COVID-19 Policy, http://feministal- lianceforrights.org/blog/2020/03/20/action-call-for-a-feminist-covid-19-policy/
Guerrero, M. (2020). “Picturing a Post-Pandemic World where Latin American Women are Safe”, PassBlue, https://www.passblue.com/2020/05/14/picturing-a-post-pandemic-world- where-latin-american-women-are-safe/
Guevara Rosas, E. (2021). “From Mobilization to Solidarity: The Power of Feminist Struggles in Latin America”, OpenDemocracy, https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/north-africa-west-
asia/from-mobilization-to-solidarity-the-power-of-feminist-struggles-in-latin-america/
Harvey, R. (2021). The Ignored Pandemic. The Dual Crises of Gender-Based Violence and COVID-19, Oxfam.
HRW/Human Rights Watch (2020). Submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on Violence
against Women, its Causes and Consequences regarding COVID-19 and the Increase of Domestic Violence against Women, https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/07/03/submission-un-special- rapporteur-violence-against-women-its-causes-and-consequences
Kambouri, N. (2020). Towards a Gendered Recovery in the EU. Women and Equality in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Gender Five Plus.
Löhr, Ν. (2021). Τhe Shadow Pandemic: Policy Efforts on Gender-Based Violence during COVID-19 in the Global South, Unidas Women’s Network, https://www.unidas.world/node/267
Mezzadri, A. (2020). “A Crisis like no Other: Social Reproduction and the Regeneration of
Capitalist Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic”, Developing Economics, https://develo- pingeconomics.org/2020/04/20/a-crisis-like-no-other-social-reproduction-and-the-regenera- tion-of-capitalist-life-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/
Moreira, N.F.C. and Agopyan, K.K. (2021). “The Desire to Change Everything: La Potencia Feminista and the Tribune of the World Conference of the International Women’s Year”, Feminist Perspectives, https://www.kcl.ac.uk/the-desire-to-change-everything
Reliefweb (2020). “A Double Pandemic: Gender-Based Violence in Latin America and the Early Experience of Women during Covid-19”, Reliefweb, https://reliefweb.int/report/brazil/ double-pandemic-gender-based-violence-latin-america-and-early-experience-women-during
Rivera-Amarillo, C. (2020). “Feminism on Lockdown”, NACLA Report on the Americas, 52 (3), pp. 274-81.
Ruddick, S. (2010). “The Politics of Affect. Spinoza in the Work of Negri and Deleuze”, Theory, Culture and Society, 27 (4), pp. 21-45.
Saavedra, M. (2020). “Mucho ruido, pocas nueces: las brechas en las medidas chilenas”, Viole- ntadas en Cuarentena, https://violentadasencuarentena.distintaslatitudes.net/portfolio/chile/
Sharma, V., Ausubel, E., Heckman, C. et al. (2021). “Mitigating Gender-based Violence Risk in the Context of COVID-19: Lessons from Humanitarian Crises”, BMJ Global Health, https:// gh.bmj.com/content/bmjgh/6/3/e005448.full.pdf
Solera, A. and Rodríguez Cortés, B.J. (2021). “The Feminist Struggles in Latin America Don’t Stop during the COVID-19 Pandemic”, DevISSues, https://www.devissues.nl/the-feminist- struggles-in-latin-america-dont-stop-during-the-covid-19-pandemic?fbclid=IwAR0ynCuwD2 dq0s2eMK8aHhJ_nx72iKwjcqaUqRX5FY09zTFC4xWpTSNEYkU
Souza, N.M.F. (2019). “When the Body Speaks (to) the Political: Feminist Activism in Latin America and the Quest for Alternative Democratic Futures”, Contexto Internacional, 41 (1), pp. 89-111.
Souza, N.M.F. and Selis, L.M.R. (2022). “Gender Violence and Feminist Resistance in Latin
America”, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 24 (1), pp. 5-15.
Staab, S., Tabbush, C. and Turquet, L. (2020). Global Gender Response Tracker Assesses
COVID-19 Measures for Women, UN Women.
Sutton, B. (2020). “Intergenerational Encounters in the Struggle for Abortion Rights in Argentina”, Women’s Studies International Forum, 82, pp. 1-11.
Tabbush, C. and Friedman, E.J. (2020). “Feminist Activism Confronts COVID-19”, Feminist Studies, 46 (3), pp. 629-638.
Turquet, L. and Koissy-Kpein, S. (2020). “COVID-19 and Gender: What Do we Know; What Do we Need to Know?”, UN Women, https://data.unwomen.org/features/covid-19-and-gender- what-do-we-know-what-do-we-need-know
UNFPA (2020). Gender Equality and Addressing Gender-Based Violence (GBV) and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Prevention, Protection and Response, United Nations Population Fund, https://www.unfpa.org/resources/gender-equality-and-addressing-gender-based-violence-gbv- and-coronavirus-disease-covid-19
UN/United Nations (2020). Policy Brief: The Impact of COVID-19 on Women, https://unsdg. un.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/Policy-Brief-on-COVID-Impact-on-Women.pdf
UN Women (2021). COVID-19 and Women’s Rights Organizations: Bridging Response Gaps and Demanding a More Just Future, Policy Brief 20, https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/
resources/policy-brief-covid-19-and-womens-rights-organizations-en.pdf
UN Women (2020). The COVID-19 Shadow Pandemic Domestic Violence in the World of Work. A Call to Action for the Private Sector, https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Head- quarters/Attachments/Sections/Library/Publications/2020/Brief-COVID-19-Domestic-vio-
lence-in-the-world-of-work-en.pdf
UN Women (2020a). COVID-19 and Ending Violence against Women and Girls, https://www.
unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/Library/Publications/2020/Issue-brief-COVID-19-and-ending-violence-against-women-and-girls-en.pdf
UN Women (2020b). Impact of COVID-19 on Violence against Women and Girls and Service Pro- vision: UN Women Rapid Assessment and Findings, https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/ files/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/Library/Publications/2020/Impact-of-COVID-19-on- violence-against-women-and-girls-and-service-provision-en.pdf
Vega Macías, D. (2021). “The COVID-19 Pandemic on Anti-immigration and Xenophobic
Discourse in Europe and the United States”, Estudios Fronterizos, 22, e066, https://doi.
org/10.21670/ref.2103066
Ventura Alfaro, M.J. (2020). “Feminist Solidarity Networks Have Multiplied since the COVID-19 Outbreak in Mexico”, Interface: A journal for and about social movements, 12 (1), pp. 82-87.
Von Bülow, M. (2020). “Lessons from Brazil’s Poor to Fight the Coronavirus”, Carnegie Endow- ment for International Peace, https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/04/06/lessons-from-brazil-
s-poor-to-fight-coronavirus-pub-81471
Wilson, R., McIlwaine, C. and Boesten, J. (2021). “Latin American Women Spearhead Campaigns Against Gendered Violence”, NACLA Report on the Americas, https://nacla.org/latin-ame- rican-women-spearhead-campaigns-against-gendered-violence
Zulver, J. (2020). “In Colombia, Pandemic Heightens Risks for Women Social Leaders”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/05/07/in-colombia- pandemic-heightens-risks-for-women-social-leaders-pub-81736
Ελληνόγλωσσες
Αβραμοπούλου, Ε. (επιμ.) (2018). Το συν-αίσθημα στο πολιτικό. Υποκειμενικότητες, εξουσίες και ανισότητες στο σύγχρονο κόσμο, μτφρ. Ο. Τσιάκαλου, Αθήνα: Νήσος.
Αθανασίου, Α. (2020). «Για την αίσθηση ενός παρόντος από/σε απόσταση», στο Π. Καπόλα, Γ. Κουζέλης και Ο. Κωνσταντάς (επιμ.), Αποτυπώσεις σε στιγμές κινδύνου, Τοπικά ΙΘ ́, Εταιρεία Μελέτης των Επιστημών του Ανθρώπου, Αθήνα: Νήσος, σελ. 37-44.
Αθανασίου, Α. (2007). Ζωή στο όριο. ∆οκίμια για το σώμα, το φύλο και τη βιοπολιτική, Αθήνα: Εκκρεμές.
Άμεντ, Σ. (2018). «Συν-αισθηματικές οικονομίες», στο Ε. Αβραμοπούλου (επιμ.), Το συν-αίσθημα στο πολιτικό. Υποκειμενικότητες, εξουσίες και ανισότητες στο σύγχρονο κόσμο, μτφρ. Ο. Τσιάκαλου, Αθήνα: Νήσος, σελ. 129-166.
Βουγιούκα, Α. και Λιάπη, Μ. (2020). Έμφυλες και διαθεματικές διαστάσεις της πανδημίας και συνέπειες για την ισότητα, τα δικαιώματα και τις ελευθερίες, Αθήνα: Ίδρυμα Νίκος Πουλαντζάς, https://diotima.org.gr/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/NPI_Covid19_Vougiouka-Liapi.pdf
Butler, J. (2018). Σημειώσεις για μια επιτελεστική θεωρία της συνάθροισης, μτφρ. Μ. Λαλιώτης, Αθήνα: Angelus Novus.
Θεοφιλόπουλος, Θ., Μοσχοβάκου, Ν. και Μπούνα, Α. (2022). «∆ευτερογενείς κίνδυνοι μιας πανδημίας: η αύξηση της έμφυλης ενδοοικογενειακής βίας», στο Ελληνική Κοινωνιολογική Εταιρεία, Κοινωνίες μετά την κρίση, κοινωνίες χωρίς κρίση; Αθήνα: Έβδομο Τακτικό Συνέδριο Ελληνικής Κοινωνιολογικής Εταιρείας, σελ. 233-245, https://www.hellenicsociology.gr/sites/ default/files/inline-files/eke_conference_book_v7_1.pdf
Καμπούρη, Ν., Μαρινούδη, Σ. και Πετράκη, Γ. (2020). Φύλο, κράτος πρόνοιας και ανθεκτικότητα στην κρίση, Αθήνα: Νήσος.
Μπάτλερ, Τζ. και Αθανασίου, Α. (2016). Απ-αλλοτρίωση. Η επιτελεστικότητα στο πολιτικό, μτφρ. Α. Κιουπκιολής, Αθήνα: Τόπος.
Μπέμπε, Α. (2020). Νεκροπολιτική, μτφρ. Γ. Χαραλαμπίτας, Αθήνα: Οι Εκδόσεις των Συναδέλφων.