Besieged sovereignty: The pandemic and the triple relation between state, international organizations and integral society


Carina Barbosa Gouvêa
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0659-5036
Pedro Hermílio Villas Bôas Castelo Branco
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1548-8304
Résumé
The theory of sovereignty has been challenged by the limits established by the international field and tensions, a likely subordination of the internal right to the global community that is governed by rules and principles and not simply by the exercise of power. The pandemic from COVID-19 has provided an opening in the theoretical field of fragmentation of the theory regarding state sovereignty. A new way to materialize sovereignty that, when put into practice, can assume the functions of global governance exercised by an international organization. This ability of exercising state sovereignty, named besieged sovereignty in this document, has the initial goal of justifying the use of this new concept that emerged from a state of global exception, in addition to presenting, briefly, the approach to the validity of legal norms. Two hypotheses will be presented for the field of this research: can there be unilateral and/or plurilateral intervention in state sovereignty in case there is a declaration of a state of emergency, of exception, in the global field?  Can there be an authorization of the United Nations Charter for direct intervention on behalf of individual or collective self-defense, in the case of an armed attack upon the nation that represents imminent risk of transmission and spread of the pandemic? We will argue that besieged sovereignty represents a serious risk to state sovereignty and that the international community needs to be actively engaged in ensuring that governments observe the standards and quickly return to normal so that there is no “legitimate use of force ”and unilateral or plurilateral interventions, since the sovereign will be the one who is capable, over the abnormality, in order to suspend the legal order in whole or in part and with the purpose of restoring normality.
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Bibliographies de l'auteur
Carina Barbosa Gouvêa, Federal University of Pernambuco
Carina Barbosa Gouvêa is Professor of the Postgraduate Program in Law at the Federal University of Pernambuco (PPGD / UFPE) and Professor of Constitutional Law at the Faculty of Law of Recife (FDR / UFPE); Post-Doctorate in Constitutional Law Federal University of Pernambuco (PPGD / UFPE); Doctor and Master in Law from UNESA, Recife, Brazil.
Pedro Hermílio Villas Bôas Castelo Branco, State University of Rio de Janeiro
Pedro Hermílio Villas Bôas Castelo Branco is Professor of political theory at the Institute of Social and Political Studies (IESP) at the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ); Professor of the Postgraduate Law Program at the Veiga de Almeida University (PPGD / UVA). Doctor of Political Science (IUPERJ), Master of Laws (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Références
Aristotle (1954). The Nichomaen ethics. London: Oxford University Press.
Castelo Branco, P. H. V. B. (2013). Die unvollendete Säkularisierung. Politik und Recht im Denken Carl Schmitts. 1. ed. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
Schmitt, C. (1985). Political Theology. Fique chapters on the concept of sovereignty. Translated by Georg Schwab, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
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