Effect of river inputs on environmental status and potentially harmful phytoplankton in a coastal area of eastern Mediterranean (Maliakos Gulf, Greece)
Resumen
In this work we study the response of phytoplankton and potentially harmful species to river inflows in a coastal area of eastern Mediterranean, within the context of environmental status assessment suggested by the European Commission’s Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC) and Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC). The spatio-temporal distribution of phytoplankton communities and biomass (as chlorophyll a), potentially harmful species, nutrient levels, dissolved oxygen, salinity and temperature were studied. A marginal good to moderate physicochemical status was assigned in the delta of Spercheios river that outflows in Maliakos Gulf. Silicates and nitrates were indicated as proxies of freshwater influence in Maliakos Gulf, whereas ammonium, nitrites and phosphates as proxies of pollutants from non-point sources. Phytoplankton biomass and abundances reached high levels throughout Maliakos Gulf inter-seasonally. High silicates favored the dominance of Diatoms. The potentially harmful species were blooming frequently, with higher levels in the estuary, and they were associated with low salinity, showing the riverine influence on them. Pseudo-nitzschia was the most frequent potentially harmful genus with an interesting strong linkage with low silicates and nitrates. Maliakos Gulf demonstrated an overall mesotrophic condition and failed to achieve good ecological status.
Article Details
- Cómo citar
-
VARKITZI, I., MARKOGIANNI, V., PANTAZI, M., PAGOU, K., PAVLIDOU, A., & DIMITRIOU, E. (2018). Effect of river inputs on environmental status and potentially harmful phytoplankton in a coastal area of eastern Mediterranean (Maliakos Gulf, Greece). Mediterranean Marine Science, 19(2), 326–343. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.14591
- Número
- Vol. 19 Núm. 2 (2018)
- Sección
- Research Article
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Citas
Anderson, D.M., Glibert, P.M., Burkholder, J.M., 2002. Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: Nutrient sources, composition, and consequences. Estuaries, 25 (4B), 704-726.
Akoumianaki, I., Nicolaidou, A., 2007. Spatial variability and dynamics of macrobenthos in a Mediterranean delta front area: the role of physical processes. Journal of Sea Research, 57, 47-64.
Akoumianaki, I., Papaspyrou, S., Kormas K.A., Nicolaidou, A., 2013. Environmental variation and macrofauna response in a coastal area influenced by land runoff. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 132, 34-44.
Bargu, S., Baustian, M. M., Rabalais, N. N., Del Rio, R., Von Korff, B. et al., 2016. Influence of the Mississippi River on Pseudo-nitzschia spp. Abundance and Toxicity in Louisiana Coastal Waters. Estuaries and Coasts, 39, 1345.
Bates, S.S., Trainer, V.L., 2006 The Ecology of Harmful Diatoms. p. 81-93. Ecology of Harmful algae. Granéli, E., Turner, J.T. (Eds). Ecological Studies, 189, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York,
Bernardi Aubry, F., Berton, A., Bastianini, M., Socal, G., Acri, F., 2004. Phytoplankton succession in a coastal area of the NW Adriatic, over a 10-year sampling period (1990-1999). Continental Shelf Research, 24, 97-115.
Booth, B.C., Larouche, P., Bélanger, S., Klein, B., Amiel, D. et al., 2002. Dynamics of Chaetoceros socialis blooms in the North Water. Deep-Sea Research II. 49, 5003-5025.
Box, G.E.P., Cox, D. R., 1964. An analysis of transformations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 26, 211-252.
Cardoso, A.C., Duchemin, J., Magoarou, P., Premazzi, G., 2001. Criteria for the identification of freshwaters subjected to eutrophication. JRC Ispra & Directorate General for Environment, European Commission. EUR. 1910:87.
Caroppo, C., Buttino, I., Camatti. E., Caruso G, De Angelis R. et al., 2013. State of the art and perspectives on the use of planktonic communities as indicators of environmental status in relation to the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 20 (1), 65-73.
Christou, E.D., Pagou, K., Christianidis, S., Papathanassiou, E., 1995. Temporal and spatial variability of plankton communities in a shallow embayment of the Eastern Mediterranean. p. 3-10. In: Biology and Ecology of Shallow Coastal Waters Olsen and Olsen. Eleftheriou, A., Ansell, A.D., Smith, C.J. (Eds). Fredensborg, Denmark.
Dimitriou, P.D., Papageorgiou, N., Arvanitidis, C., Assimakopoulou, G., Pagou, K. et al., 2015. One Step forward: Benthic Pelagic Coupling and Indicators for Environmental Status. PLoS ONE, 10 (10): e0141071. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141071
Efthimiou, G., Topaloglou, C., Monachou, S., Kaprana, K., 2014. Change detection in Natura 2000 area of Spercheios river in central Greece using remote sensing and GIS. Journal of International Scientific Publications: Ecology and Safety, 8, 1314-7234.
EC, 2005. Towards a guidance document on eutrophication assessment in the context of European water policies. Common implementation strategy of the Water Framework Directive, European Commission, p. 133.
Fanuko, N., 1989. Possible relation between a bloom of Distephanus speculum (Dinoflagellata) and anoxia in bottom waters in the northern Adriatic, 1983. Journal of Plankton Research, 11, 75-84.
Glibert, P.M., Seitzinger, S., Heil, C.A., Burkholder, J.M., Parrow, M.W., Codispoti, L.A., and Kelly, V., 2005b. The role of eutrophication in the global proliferation of harmful algal blooms. Oceanography, 18 (2), 198-209.
Gotsis-Skretas, O., Pagou, K., Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, M., Ignatiades, L., 1999. Seasonal horizontal and vertical variability in primary production and standing stocks of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Cretan Sea and the Straits of the Cretan Arc (March 1994-Jannuary 1995). Progress in Oceanography, 44 (4), 625-649.
Granéli, E., 2004. Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. p. 99-112. In: Drainage basin nutrient inputs and eutrophication: an integrated approach. Wassman, P., Olli, K. (Eds). University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
Gritzalis, C., Anastasopoulou, E., Georgiopoulos, N., Markogianni, V., Skoulikidis, N., 2015. Water quality and benthic fauna biodiversity in a unique small wetland at Messinia, Greece. Journal of Environmental Biology, 36, special issue, 171-176.
HCMR, 2009. Gulf of Maliakos – Environmental conditions at sea and causes for massive fish-kills in Mar-Apr 2009. HCMR, Technical Report (in Greek), Athens, 85 pp.
Heil, C.A., Gilbert, P.M., Fan, C., 2005. Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller. A review of a harmful algal bloom species of growing worldwide importance. Harmful Algae, 4, 449-470.
Holm-Hansen, O., Lorenzen, C.J., Holmes, R.W., Strickland, J.D.H., 1965. Fluorometric determination of chlorophyll. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 30, 3-15.
Howarth, R.W., 2008. Coastal nitrogen pollution: A review of sources and trends globally and regionally. Harmful Algae, 8 (1), 14-20.
Ignatiades, L., Vounatsou, P., Karydis, M., 1992. A possible method for evaluating oligotrophy and eutrophication based on nutrient concentration scales. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 24, 238-243.
Ignatiades, L., Psarra, S., Zervakis, V., Pagou, K., Souvermezoglou, E. et al., 2002. Phytoplankton size-based dynamics in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Journal of Marine Systems, 36 (1-2), 11-28.
Ignatiades, L., Gotsis-Skretas, O., Pagou, K., Krasakopoulou, E., 2009. Diversification of phytoplankton community structure and related parameters along a large-scale longitudinal east-west transect of the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Plankton Research, 31 (4), 411-428.
Karydis, Μ., 1999. Evaluation report on the eutrophication level in coastal greek areas. University of Aegean, Mytilini, February 1999 (in Greek).
Kontoyannis, H., Krestenitis, I., Petichakis, G., Tsirtsis, G., 2005. Coastal areas: circulation and hydrological features. p. 95-102. In: State of the Hellenic Marine Environment. Papathanassiou, E., Zenetos, A. (Eds). HCMR Publ., Athens, Greece.
Kormas, K.A., Papaspyrou, S., 2001. Benthic carbon demand and water column carbon supply in an Aegean Embayment (Maliakos Gulf, Hellas). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 10 (2), 193-196.
Kormas, K.A., Garametsi, V., Nicolaidou, A. 2002. Size-fractionated phytoplankton chlorophyll in an Eastern Mediterranean coastal system (Maliakos Gulf, Greece). Helgoland Marine Research, 56 (2), 125-133.
Kormas, K., Nicolaidou, A., Thessalou-Legaki, M., 2003. Variability of environmental factors of an eastern Mediterranean Sea river influenced coastal system. Mediterranean Marine Science, 4, 67-77.
Koroleff, F., 1970. Revised version of direct determination of ammonia in natural waters as indophenol blue. I.C.E.S., C.M.1970/C: 9, pp. 19-22.
Koukaras, K., Nikolaidis, G., 2004. Dinophysis blooms in Greek coastal waters (Thermaikos Gulf, NW Aegean Sea). Journal of Plankton Research, 26 (4), 445-457.
Landsberg, J.H., 2002. The effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on aquatic organisms. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 10 (2), 113‐390.
Legendre, P., Legendre, L., 1998. Numerical Ecology. Second English Edition. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008, establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive). Official Journal of the European Union L164, 19-40
Markogianni, V., Varkitzi I., Pagou, P., Dimitriou, E., 2017. Nutrient flows and related impacts between a Mediterranean river and the associated coastal area. Continental Shelf Research, 134, 1-14.
Moncheva, S., Gotsis-Skretas, O., Pagou, K., Krastev, A., 2001. Phytoplankton blooms in Black Sea and Mediterranean coastal ecosystems subjected to anthropogenic eutrophication: Similarities and differences. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 53 (3), 281-295.
Mullin, J.B., Riley, J.P., 1955. The colorimetric determination of silicate with special reference to sea and natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 12, 162–76.
Murphy, J., Riley, J. P., 1962. A modified solution method for determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 27, 31-36.
Nezan, E., Chomerat, N., 2011. Vulcanodinium rugosum gen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae): A new marine dinoflagellate from the French mediterranean coast. Cryptogamie Algologie, 32 (1), 3-18.
Pagou, K., Siokou-Frangou, I., Papathanassiou, E., 2002. Nutrients and their ratios in relation to eutrophication and HAB occurrence. The case of Eastern Mediterranean coastal waters. Second Workshop on "Thresholds of Environmental Sustainability: The case of nutrients", 18-19 June 2002. Brussels, Belgium.
Pagou, K., 2005. Eutrophication in Hellenic coastal areas. p. 311-317. In: State of the Hellenic Marine Environment. Papathanassiou E., Zenetos, A. (Eds). HCMR publ., Athens, Greece.
Pagou, K., Varkitzi, I., Pavlidou, A., Hatzianestis, I., Psyllidou, R., et al., 2010. First occurrence of the harmful raphidophyte Chattonella sp. in Maliakos Gulf, Greece (Eastern Mediterranean). p. 145. 14th International Conference on Harmful Algae, Book of abstracts, 1-5/11/2010. Crete, Greece.
Papaefthimiou, D., Aligizaki, A., Nikolaidis, G., 2010. Exploring the identity of the Greek Dinophysis cf. acuminata. Harmful algae, 10 (3), 1-8.
Pavlidou, A., Simboura, N., Rousselaki, E., Tsapakis, M., Pagou, K. et al., 2015. Methods of eutrophication assessment in the context of the water framework directive: examples from the Eastern Mediterranean coastal areas. Continental Shelf Research, 108 (1), 156-168.
Prego, R., Pazos, Y., Maneiro, J., Mariño, J., 1998. First bloom of silicoflagellate Dictyocha speculum causing salmon mortality in a Galician Ria (NW Spain). p. 106. In: Harmful Algae. Xunta de Galicia and IOC-UNESCO (Eds). Spain.
Primpas, Ι., Tsirtsis G., Karydis, M, Kokkoris, G.D., 2010. Principal component analysis: Development of a multivariate index for assessing eutrophication according to the European water framework directive. Ecological Indicators, 10, 178-183.
Raven, J.A., 1983. The transport and function of silicon in plants. Biological Reviews, 58, 179-207.
Redfield, A., Ketchum, B., Richards, F., 1962. The influence of organisms on the composition of sea-water. p. 26-77. The sea, Vol. 2. Hill, M.N. (Ed). Wiley-Interscience, New York.
Shikata, T., S. Nagasoe, T. Matsubara, S. Yoshikawa, Y., Yamasaki, Y., et al., 2008. Factors influencing the initiation of blooms of the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo and the diatom Skeletonema costatum in a port in Japan. Limnology and Oceanography 53, 2503-2518.
Simboura N., Panayiotidis P., Papathanassiou, E., 2005. A synthesis of the biological quality elements for the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive in the Mediterranean eco-region: The case of Saronikos Gulf. Ecological Indicators, 5, 253-266
Simboura N., Tsapakis, M., Pavlidou, A., Assimakopoulou, G., Pagou, K. et al., 2015. Assessment of the environmental status in Hellenic coastal waters (Eastern Mediterranean): from the Water Framework Directive to the Marine Strategy Water Framework Directive. Mediterranean Marine Science, 16 (1), 46-64.
Simboura N., Pavlidou, A., Bald, J., Tsapakis, M., Pagou, K. et al., 2016. Response of ecological indices to nutrient and chemical contaminant stress factors in Eastern Mediterranean coastal waters. Ecological Indicators, 70, 89-105.
Siokou-Frangou, I., Christaki, U., Mazzocchi, M.G., Montresor, M., Ribera d'Alcalá, M. et al., 2010. Plankton in the open Mediterranean Sea: a review. Biogeosciences, 7, 1543-1586.
Siokou-Frangou, I., Bianchi, M., Christaki, U., Christou, E.D., Giannakourou, A. et al., 2002. Carbon flow in the planktonic food web along a gradient of oligotrophy in Aegean Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Marine Systems, 33, 335-353.
Skoulikidis, N., Amaxidis, Y., Bertahas, I., Laschou, S., Gritzalis, K., 2006. Analysis of factors driving stream water composition and synthesis of management tools – a case study on small/medium Greek catchments. Science of the Total Environment, 362, 205-241.
Smayda, T.J., 1990. Novel and nuisance phytoplankton blooms in the sea: evidence for a global epidemic. p: 29-40. Toxic Marine Phytoplankton. Granéli, E., Sundström, B., Edler, L., Anderson, D. M. (Eds). New York, Elsevier.
Smayda, T.J., Reynolds, C.S., 2001. Community assembly in marine phytoplankton: application of recent models to harmful dinoflagellate blooms. Journal of Plankton Research, 23 (5), 447-461.
Stachowitsch, M., 1984. Mass mortality in the Gulf of Trieste: the course of community destruction. p. 243–264. In: Marine Ecology, 5. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli.
Strickland, J.D., Parsons, T.R., 1977. A practical handbook of sea water analysis. Fisheries Research Board Canada, 167, 310pp.
Ter Braak, C.J.F., 1986. Canonical Correspondence Analysis: A New Eigenvector Technique for Multivariate Direct Gradient Analysis. Ecology, 67 (5), 1167-1179.
Todd, K., 2003. Role of phytoplankton monitoring in marine biotoxin programmes. p. 649-655. Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae. Hallegraeff, G.M., Anderson, D.M., Cembella, A.D. (Eds). Monographs in Oceanographic Methodology Series, UNESCO publishing, Paris.
Tzoraki, O., Nikolaidis, N., Kassotaki, E., Cooper, D., Papadoulakis, V., 2013. Nutrient dynamics management based on GIS modeling tools. p. 87951L-87951L. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geo-information of the Environment, 5 Aug 2013. International Society for Optics and Photonics. doi:10.1117/12.2028847
Utermöhl, H., 1958. Zur Vervollkommnung der quantitativen Phytoplankton Methodik Mitteilungen. Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie, 9, 1-38.
Varkitzi, I., Pagou, K., Granéli, E., Hatzianestis, I., Pyrgaki, C. et al., 2010. Unbalanced N:P ratios and nutrient stress controlling growth and toxin production of the harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) Dodge. Harmful Algae, 9, 304-311.
Varkitzi, I., Pagou, K., Granéli, E., Hatzianestis, I., Krasakopoulou, E. et al., 2013. Spatio-temporal distribution of Dinophysis spp. in relation to organic matter availability and other parameters in Thermaikos Gulf, Greece (Eastern Mediterranean). p. 51-53. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Harmful Algae, Crete, Greece, 1-5/11/2010.
Vila, M., Masó, M., 2005. Phytoplankton functional groups and harmful algae species in anthropogenically impacted waters of the NW Mediterranean Sea. Scientia Marina, 69 (1), 31-45.
Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities L327, 1-72.
Welschmeyer, N., 1994. A method for the determination of chlorophyll a in the presence of chlorophyll b and pheopigments. Limnology and Oceanography, 39, 1985-1992.
Yiagnisis, M., Pagou, K., Prapas, A., Rigos, G., Varkitzi, I. et al., 2010. Massive acute finfish mortality due to the toxic raphidophyte microalga Chattonella sp. infestation in greek coastal waters. p. 88. In: 14th International Conference on Harmful Algae, Book of abstracts, 1-5/11/2010. Crete, Greece.
Zervoudaki, S., Frangoulis, C., Christou, E.D., Svensen, C., Arashkevich, E., et al., 2014. Vertical carbon flux of biogenic mater in a coastal area of the Aegean Sea. Importance of appendicularians. Estuaries and Coasts, 37, 911-924.
