Digestibility and nitrogen balance of pig diets containing gradually increasing levels of rapeseed meal

PDF
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.16076
Keywords:
fattening pig rapeseed meal extraction apparent digestibility coefficient
A KARGOPOULOS
Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
V DOTAS
School of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Western Macedonia, 53100, Florina, Greece
I NIKOLAKAKIS
Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece School of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Western Macedonia, 53100, Florina, Greece
D DOTAS
Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
Abstract

Rapeseed meal (RSM), a by-product of extracted rapeseed oil production, is a potential protein source for use in pig diets. To determine the best levels of RSM inclusion in diets of fattening pigs as well as the digestibility and energy value of diets containing gradually increasing levels of RSM, a digestibility trial was conducted. The trial was performed according to a 4x4 Latin square experimental design, with 4 Large White x Landrace castrated male pigs weighing on average 47.3kg. The animals were housed in metabolism cages during the whole period the duration of which was a total of 66 days. The experiment was divided into 5 periods, an adjustment period and 4 experimental periods, during which pigs consumed 4 experimental diets. The diet C (control) was a basal diet based on corn and soybean meal, while the other experimental diets included RSM at levels 90 (low- L), 180 (medium- M) and 270 (high- H) g.kg-1 of feed, respectively. Each experimental period consisted of 10 preliminary days during which the animals were adapted to the diets, followed by a 4 days period for collection of faeces, urine and feed refusal. The gradual increase in the level of RSM in the experimental diets resulted in a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the apparent digestibility of CP, but only for the diet with the highest level of RSM, compared to the control diet and this one with the lowest level of RSM . Any increase in the level of RSM in the experimental diets resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase on the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of CF and very significant (P<0.01) increase in diets M and H, compared to the control and diet L. Similar were the effects of RSM levels in the diets on the apparent digestibility coefficient of NDF, ADF and cellulose. As conclusion, the gradual increase in the level of RSM in the fattening pigs’ diets did not significantly affect ADC of DM and gross energy, caused a significant reduction in the ADC of CP, and a significant improvement in the ADC of CF as well.

Article Details
  • Section
  • Research Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Amaefule, K.U., O.C. Onwudike, S.N. Ibe and S.F. Abasiekong, 2009. Nutrient Utilization and Digestibility of Growing Pigs Fed Diets of Different Proportions of Palm Kernel Meal and Brewers Dried Grain. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 8 (4): 361-367.
Anguita, M., Canibe, N., Perez, J.F., Jensen, B.B., 2006. Influence of the amount of dietary fiber on the available energy from hindgut fermentation in growing pigs: Use of cannulated pigs and in vitro fermentation. J. Anim. Sci. 84, 2766-2778.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990. Official Methods of 355 Analysis of the AOAC. 15th ed. AOAC. Arlington, VA, USA.
Barthet, V.J.,Daun, J.K., 2011. Seed morphology, composition, and quality. Pages 135-145 in Canola: Chemistry, Production, Processing, and Utilization. J.K. Daun, N.A.M. Eskin, D. Hickling, eds. AOCS Press, Urbana, IL.
Bellostas, N., Sørensen, H., Sørensen, S., 2007. Quality of rapeseed meal for animal nutrition and as a source of value-added products – glucosinolates, protein and fibres, Bulletin nº 24 GCIRC.
Bindelle, J., Buldgen, A., Dellacollete, M., Wavreille, J., Agneessens, R., Leerem, J.P., 2009. Influence of source and concentrations of dietary fiber on in vivo nitrogen excretion pathways in pigs as reflected by in vitro fermentation and nitrogen incorporation by fecal bacteria. J. Anim. Sci. 87, 583-593.
de Vriesa, S., Pustjensb, A.M., Scholsb, H.A., Hendriksa, W.H., Gerrits, J.J., 2012. Improving digestive utilization of fiber-rich feedstuffs in pigs and poultry by processing and enzyme technologies: A review.Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 178, 123-138.
Diederichsen, A.,McVetty, P.B.E., 2011. Botany and plant breeding. Page 29-56 in Canola: Chemistry, Production, Processing, and Utilization. J.K. Daun, N.A.M. Eskin, D. Hickling, eds. AOCS Press, Urbana, IL.
Dotas, D., 1986. The effect of different levels of molassed dried sugar beet pulp on the digestibility of pig diets and estimation of their energy value. PhD Thesis. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production, Thessaloniki (In Greek).
Dunkin, A.C., Black, J.L., James, K.J., 1984. Relationship between energy intake and nitrogen retention in the finisher pig. Proc. Austr. Soc. Anim. Prod. 15, 672 (abstract).
Goedhart, P.W., 1990. Experimental design for comparative digestibility trials with pigs: limitations of Latin squares. Anim. Prod. 50, 373-378.
Grundy M-L., C. H. Edwards, A. R. Mackie, M. J. Gidley, P. J. Butterworth and P. R. Ellis, 2016. Re-evaluation of the mechanisms of dietary fibre and implications for macronutrient bioaccessibility, digestion and postprandial metabolism. Br J. Nutr., 2016 Sep 14; 116 (5): 816- 833.
Hansen, M.J., A. Chwalibog and A. Tauson, 2007. Influence of different fibre sources in diets for growing pigs on chemical composition of faeces and slurry and ammonia emission from slurry. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 134: 326-336.
He, G.F., 2004. Improving pig performance and nutrient utilization by manipulating dietary protein level and using fermentablefiber ingredients. University of Minnesota: St. Paul; 2004:220. [Doctoral Thesis].
Kargopoulos,A., Dotas, V., Nikolakakis, I., Hatzizisis, L., 2014. Dietary evaluation of rapeseed meal in pig diets. Anim. Sci. Rev.42, 27-38.
King, R.H., Eason, P.E., Kerton, D.K., Dunshea, F.R., 2001. Evaluation of solventextracted canola meal for growing pigs and lactating sows. Aust. J. Agric. Res.
, 1033-1041.
Landero, J.L., Beltranena, E., Cervantes, M., Morales, A., Zijlstra, R.T., 2011. The effect of feeding solvent-extracted canola meal on growth performance and diet nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 170, 136-140.
Le Gall, M., A. Serena, H. Jørgensen, P. K. Theil, and K. E. Bach Knudsen. 2009. The role of whole-wheat grain and wheat and rye ingredients on the digestion and fermentation processes in the gut – a model experiment with pigs. Br. J. Nutr. 102:1590-1600.
Low, A. G. 1980. Nutrient absorption in pigs. J. Sci. Food Agric. 31:1087-1130. McDonald, P., Edwards, R.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D., Morgan, C.A., Sinclair, L.A., Wilkinson, R.G., 1988. Animal Nutrition. Seventh Edition.
McDonnell, P., O’Shea, C.,Figat, S.,O’Doherty, J.V., 2010. Influence of incrementally substituting dietary soya bean meal for rapeseed meal on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, growth performance and ammonia emission from growing-finishing pigs. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 65, 412-424.
McDonnell, P., O’Shea, C., Figat, S.,O’Doherty, J.V., 2011. Influence of incrementally substituting dietary soya bean meal for rapeseed meal on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, growth performance and ammonia emissions from growing-finishing pigs. Archives of Animal Nutrition 64 (5), 412-424.
Mellange, J., Inborr, J.,Gill, B.P., 1992. Enzyme supplementation of wheat, barley or sugar beet pulp based diets for early weaned piglets. Effects on performance and faecal nutrient digestibility. Br. Soc. Anim. Prod., Winter Meeting 1992, paper No 135.
Morgan, C.A., Cole, J.A.,Lewis, D., 1975. Energy values in pig nutrition. II. The prediction of energy values from a dietary chemical analysis. J. Agri. Sci. 84, 19-27.
Mosenthin, R., W. C. Sauer and F. Ahrens. 1994. Dietary pectin’s effect on ileal and fecal amino acid digestibility and exocrine pancreatic secretions in growing pigs. J. Nutr. 124:1222-1229.
Moset, V., Ferrer, P., Torres-Pitarch, A., Cambra-Lopez, M., Adell, E., Pascual, M., Serrano, P., Cerisuelo, A., 2012. The use of rapeseed meal in growing pig diets: Effects on growth performance, apparent digestibility and methane production from faeces. International Conference of Agricultural Engineering, Valencia, Spain. http://cigr.ageng2012.org/images/fotosg/tabla_137_C1577.pdf.
Mroz, Z., Moeser, A.J., Vreman, K., Van Diepen, J.T., Van Kempen, T., Canh, T.T., Jongbloed, A.W., 2000. Effects of dietary carbohydrates and buffering capacity on nutrient digestibility and manure characteristics in finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 78, 3096-3106.
Newkirk, R., 2009. Canola meal. Feed Industries Guide, 4th edition. Canadian International Grains Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Newkirk, R., 2011. Meal nutrient composition. Pages 229-244 in Canola: Chemistry, Production, Processing, and Utilization. J.K. Daun, N.A.M. Eskin, D. Hickling, eds. AOCS Press, Urbana, IL.
Nikolakakis, I., 1995. Digestibility and energy value of dried citrus pulp in growingfattening pigs diets with the enzymes addition. PhD Thesis. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production, Thessaloniki (In Greek).
NRC, 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine Tenth Revised Edition, 1998.
NRC, 2012. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. Eleventh Revised Edition, 2012.
Rainbird, A. L., A. G. Low, and T. Zebrowska, 1984. Effect of guar gum on glucose and water absorption from isolated loops of jejunum in conscious growing pigs. Br. J. Nutr. 52: 489-498.
Rinne, M., Jaakkola, S., Huhtanen, P.,1997. Grass maturity effects on cattle fed silage-based diets. 1. Organic matter digestion, rumen fermentation and nitrogen utilization. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 67, 1-17.
Royer, E., Gaudré, D., 2008. Effect of the rapeseed meal incorporation rate in diets given from 12 kg to harvest on performance of piglets. Journées Rech. Porcine 40, 175-182. [Fr, En].
Sanjayan, N., Heo, J.M., Nyachoti, C.M., 2014. Nutrient digestibility and growth performance of pigs fed diets with different levels of canola meal from Brassica napus black and Brassica juncea yellow. J. Anim. Sci. 92(9), 3895-3905.
SAS Institute. 1998. SAS User’s Guide. Version 8.12. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
Sauvant, D.,Perez, J.M., Tran, G., 2004. Tables of composition and nutritional value of feed materials. 2nd ed. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Amstelveen, Netherlands.
Souffrant, W B 2001: Effect of dietary fibre on ileal digestibility and endogenous nitrogen losses in the pig. Animal Feed Science and Technology 90, 93-102.
Spinks, A., Sones, K.,Fenwick, G., 1984. The quantitative analysis of glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables, oilseeds and forage crops using high performance liquid chromatography. FetteSeifenAnstrichmittel, 86, 228-231.
Stanogias, G., Pearce, G.R., 1983. The digestion of fibre by pigs. 1. The effects of amount and type of fibre on apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance and rate of passage. School of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Melbourne, Prkville, Vistoria, 3052, Australia.
Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.H., 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A 425 Biometrical Approach, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, NY, USA.
Urynek, W., Buraczewska, L., 2003. Effect of dietary energy concentration and apparent ileal digestible lysine:metabolizable energy ratio on nitrogen balance and growth performance of young pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 81(5), 1227-1236.
Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B., Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci. 74, 3583–3597.
Wilfart, A., Montagne, L., Simmins, H., van Milgen, J., Noblet, J., 2007. Sites of nutrient digestion in growing pigs: effects of dietary fiber. J. Anim. Sci. 85, 976-983.
Zervas, S., Zijlstra, R.T., 2002. Effects of dietary protein and fermentable fiber on nitrogen excretion patterns and plasma urea in grower pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 80, 3247-3256.
Zhang, W., Li, D., Liu, L., Zang, J., Duan, Q., Yang, W., Zhang, L., 2013. The effects of dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. J.Anim. Sci.Biotechnol.4, 17
Most read articles by the same author(s)