Effect of enzyme and yeast-based feed additives on growth, nutrient digestibility, meat quality and intestinal morphology of fattening rabbits

PDF
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.29404
Keywords:
Enzymes yeast mulberry leaves growth performance digestibility meat quality rabbit
K KHAN
Department of Animal Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University (SBBU) Sheringal, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
K AZIZ
Department of Animal Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University (SBBU) Sheringal, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
NA KHAN
Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
S KHAN
Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
T AYASAN
Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Journal of Kadirli Faculty of Applied Sciences, Osmaniye/Turkey
Abstract

Non-antibiotic feed additives are nowadays increasingly used in animal feed industry as more and more reports are surfaced on antibiotic resistance. This study quantified the effects of enzymes and yeast supplementation, individually or in combination, on growth performance, diet digestibility, carcass quality, and ileum morphometry of fattening rabbits. Forty-eight indigenous male weaned rabbits (age, 37 ± 2 days; average body weight (ABW)) 340 ± 3.2 g) were assigned into four dietary treatments (16 replicates; 3 rabbits/replicate)). The four diets were (i) a basal (control) diet (without additives), containing concentrate (75% of the feed) and wilted mulberry leaves (25% of the

total feed); (ii) basal diet plus enzyme blend (driselase-1®; cellulase, amylase and protease; 2 g kg-1 feed); (iii) basal diet with the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (dry yeast TR 100; 2 g kg-1 feed); (iv) basal diet with the addition of mixture of the enzymes blend and S. cerevisiae (1 g each kg-1 feed). All rabbits had ad-libitum access to clean drinking water and experimental diets, with 16 h light for seven-weeks. The results revealed that all additives improved (P < 0.05) weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) but did not alter feed intake than the control group. Although all additives increased (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility, the dry matter digestibility (DMD) was increased (P < 0.05) only by the addition of enzymes blend. Furthermore, all additives increased (P < 0.05) carcass yield without any negative effects on meat physical (pH, water release and cooking loss) and chemical (moisture, protein, fat and ash) properties (P < 0.05). Moreover, villus height and crypt depth values were improved (P < 0.05) with the incorporation of additives. This study demonstrates that addition of enzymes blend and yeast-based additives alone or in combination in rabbit diet improved nutrients digestion and intestinal health, which subsequently improved their growth and carcass quality.

Article Details
  • Section
  • Research Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Abudabos AM, Al-Batshan HA, Murshed MA (2015). Effects of prebiotics and probiotics on the performance and bacterial colonization of broiler chickens. South Afr J Anim Sci 45:419-428.
Ali T, Ur-Rahman S, Zhang L, Shahid M, Han D, Gao J, Zhang S, Ruegg PL, Saddique U, Han B (2017). Characteristics and genetic diversity of multi-drug resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitis. Oncotarget
: 90144-90163.
Ali T, Zhang L, Shahid M, Zhang S, Liu G, Gao J, Han B (2016). ESBL- producing Escherichia coli from cows suffering mastitis in China contain clinical class 1 integrons with CTX-M linked to ISCR1. Front Microbiol 7:1931.
AOAC (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. 17th Ed. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., Washington, DC, USA.
Ayasan T, Baylan M (2016). Use of mulberry leaf in animal nutrition. Turkish JAF Sci Tech 4(6):504-507.
Ayasan T, Inci H (2019). The effect of probiotic use on egg internal and external quality properties in Japanese quail exposed to temperature stress. International Conference on Agriculture and Rural Development II, 27-29 September 2019, Kiev -Ukraine.
Bhatt RS, Agrawal AR, Sahoo A (2016). Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics of growing Chinchilla rabbits. J Appl Anim Res 45:304-309.
Bivolarski BL, Vachkova EG (2013). Morphological and functional events associated to weaning in rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 98:9-18.
Blasco A, Ouhayoun J (1996). Harmonization of criteria and terminology in rabbit meat research. Revised proposal. World Rabbit Sci 4:93-99.
Boccard R, Buchter L, Casteels E, Cosentino E, Dransfield E, Hood, DE, Joseph RL, Macdougall DB, Rhodes DN, Schon I, et al. (1981). Procedures for measuring meat quality characteristics in beef production experiments. Report of Working Group in the Commission of the European Communities’ (CEC) Beef Production Research Programme. Livest Prod Sci 8: 358-397.
Castanon JIR (2007). History of the use of antibiotic as growth promoters in European poultry feeds. Poult Sci 86(11):2466-2471.
Chandra S, Mahender M, Gnana Prakash M (2014). Productive performance of broiler rabbits fed diets supplemented with probiotic and enzymes under two systems of housing. Indian J Anim Res 48 (4):355-361.
Falcao-e-Cunha L, Castro-Solla L, Maertens L, Marounek M, Pinheiro V, Freire J, Mourao JL (2007). Alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters in rabbit feeding-a review. World Rabbit Sci 15:127-140.
Grau R, Fleischmann O (1957). Sodium chloride influencing meat swelling and improving the water-binding capacity. Fleischwirtschaft 9:252.
Guedes CM, Mourao JL, Silva SR, Gomes MJ, Rodrigues MAM, Pinheiro V (2009). Effect of age and mannanoligosaccharides supplementation on production and volatile fatty acids in the caecum of rabbits. Anim Feed Sci Technol 150:330-336.
Jia G, Yan JY, Cai JY, Wang KN (2010). Effects of encapsulated and non-encapsulated compound acidifiers on gastrointestinal pH and intestinal morphology and function in weaning piglets. J Anim Feed Sci 19:81-92.
Kabploy K, Bunyapraphatsara N, Morales NP, Paraksa N (2016). Effect of antibiotic growth promoters on anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in broiler chickens. Thai Vet Med 46:89-95.
Khan K, Khan S, Khan NA, Ahmad N (2017a). Production performance of indigenous rabbits under traditional and intensive production system in Northern Pakistan. The J Anim Plant Sci 27:75-81.
Khan K, Khan S, Khan NA, Ahmad N (2018). Effect of flaxseed supplementation of feed on growth, carcass yield, meat and fatty acids profile of rabbit carcass. Pak J Zool 50(6):2037-2043.
Khan K, Khan S, Khan R, Sultan A, Khan NA, Ahmad N (2016). Growth performance and meat quality of rabbits under different feeding regimes. Trop Anim Health Prod 48:1661-1666.
Khan K, Khan S, Ullah S, Khan NA, Khan I, Ahmad N (2017b). Nutritive value, fibre digestibility and methane production potential of tropical forages in rabbits: effect of species and harvest maturity. J Anim Plant Sci 27:1094-1100.
Khan K, Ullah I, Khan NA, Khan S (2020). Evaluation of mulberry (Morus alba) leaves as a concentrate substitute in rabbit diet: effect on growth performance and meat quality. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 44:1136-1141.
Khan K, Ullah I, Khan NA, Suhail M, Islam Z, Khan I (2019). Nutritive value of mulberry (Morus alba) leaves for fattening rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Fresenius Environ Bull 28 (11A):8759-8764.
Kritas SK, Petridou EI, Fortomaris PE, Tzika G, Arsenos-Koptopoulos G (2008). The effect of probiotics on microbiology, health and performance of fattening rabbits. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 21:1312-1317.
Mateos GG, Rebollar PG, De-Blas C (2010). Minerals, vitamins and additives. In: de Blas C, Wiseman J, (eds.), Nutrition of the rabbit, 2nd ed. Cambridge: CAB International; p. 119-150.
Mourao JL, Pinheiro V, Alves A, Guedes CM, Pinto L, Saavedra MJ, Spring P, Kocher A (2006). Effect of mannanoligosaccharides on the performance, intestinal morphology and cecal fermentation of fattening rabbits. Anim Feed Sci Technol 126:107-120.
NRC (1977). Nutrient requirements of rabbits. The National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Pinheiro V, Guedes CM, Outor-Monteiro D, Mourao JL (2009). Effect of fibre level and dietary mannan-oligosaccharides on digestibility, caecal volatile fatty acids and performances of growing rabbits. Anim Feed Sci Technol 148:288-300.
Rotolo L, Gai F, Peiretti PG, Ortoffi M, Zoccarato I, Gasco L (2014). Live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii) supplementation in fattening rabbit diet: Effect on productive performance and meat quality. Livestock Sci 162: 178-184.
SAS (2009). Statistical Analysis System User’s guide: Statistics. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
Shanmuganathan T, Samarasinghe K, Wenk C (2004). Supplemental enzymes, yeast culture and effective micro-organism culture to enhance the performance of rabbits fed diets containing high levels of rice bran. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 17 (5): 678-683.
Simonova MP, Szaboova R, Haviarova M, Chrastinova L, Mojto J, Strompfova V, Rafay J (2009). Quality of rabbit meat after application of bacteriocinogenic and probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium CCM 4231 in rabbits. Int J Probiotics Prebiotics 4:1-6.
Tang ZR, Yin YL, Zhang YM, Huang RL, Sun ZH, Li TJ, Chu WY, Kong XF, Li LL, Geng MM, Tu Q (2009). Effects of dietary supplementation with an expressed fusion peptide bovine lactoferricin-lactoferrampin on performance, immune function and intestinal mucosal morphology in piglets weaned at age 21 d. Br J Nutr 101:998-1005.
Trocino A, Xiccato G, Carraro L, Jimenez G (2005). Effect of diet supplementation with Toyocerin® (Bacillus cereus var. toyoi) on performance and health of growing rabbits. World Rabbit Sci 13:15-26.
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991). Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 73: 3583-3593.
Wu BQ, Zhang T, Guo LQ, Lin JF (2011). Effects of bacillus subtilis KD1 on broiler intestinal flora. Poult Sci 90:2493-2499.
Xu ZR, Hu CH, Xia MS, Zhan XA, Wang MQ (2003). Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microflora and morphology of male broilers. Poult Sci 82:1030-1036.
Yan JY, Zhang GW, Zhang C, Tang L, Kuang SY (2017). Effect of dietary organic zinc sources on growth performance, incidence of diarrhoea, serum and tissue zinc concentrations and intestinal morphology in growing rabbits. World Rabbit Sci 25:43-49.
Most read articles by the same author(s)