Effects of rosemary essential oil as a feed additive on performance, rumen fermentation, and blood parameters in preweaning Holstein calves
Published:
Oct 18, 2023
Keywords:
calf essential oil ghrelin growth performance rosemary
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rosemary essential oil (REO) supplementation on growth performance, some blood metabolites and rumen fermentation in calves throughout the suckling period. Fourty Holstein calves were randomly divided to four dietary groups. Each group consisted of 10 calves; control with no REO supplementation (CON), supplementation of 500 mg/d REO (REO1), supplementation of 1000 mg/d REO (REO2) and supplementation of 2000 mg/d REO (REO3). REO supplementation quadratically increased (P<0.05) the calf starter (CS) intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency. Calves fed REO1 and REO2 had the highest CS intake and ADG. Ruminal ammonia-N concentration was lower (P=0.02) for calves fed REO3 than calves fed REO1, but total volatile fatty acids concentration was higher (P<0.01) for calves fed REO1 compared with calves fed CON and REO3. The concentrations of ghrelin, NEFA and BHBA increased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing levels of REO. Calves fed REO2 and REO3 had the highest concentration of ghrelin. Cholesterol concentration decreased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing REO levels on d 56. Calves fed REO2 and REO3 had the lowest cholesterol concentration. Also, serum IgG concentration was higher (P<0.01) in calves fed REO2 and REO3 compared with calves fed CON on d 28. It was concluded that the addition of different amounts of rosemary essential oil can positively change some rumen and blood metabolites of calves, as well as the supplementation of REO may have a beneficial effect on growth performance by increasing ghrelin.
Article Details
- How to Cite
-
Biyik, F., Biricik, H., Urkmez, E., Kara, C., Cetin , I., & Udum, D. (2023). Effects of rosemary essential oil as a feed additive on performance, rumen fermentation, and blood parameters in preweaning Holstein calves: . Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 74(3), 6191–6199. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.31076
- Issue
- Vol. 74 No. 3 (2023)
- Section
- Research Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Annino JS (1964) Clinical Chemistry, Little Brown, New York.
AOAC (2012) Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 19th ed., Offi
cial Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD.
Benchaar C, Calsamiglia S, Chaves AV, Fraser GR, Colombatto D, McAl
lister TA, Beauchemin KA (2008) A review of plant-derived essential
oils in ruminant nutrition and production. Anim Feed Sci Technol
:209-228.
Bento MHL, Ouwehand AC, Tiihonen K, Lahtinen S, Nurminen P,
Saarinen MT, Fischer J (2013) Essential oils and their use in animal
feeds for monogastric animals-Effects on feed quality, gut microbiota,
growth performance and food safety: A review. Veterinarni Medicina
(9):449-458.
Biricik H, Hanoglu HO, Talug AM, Cengiz SS, Koyuncu M, Dikmen S
(2016) The effects of carvacrol and/or thymol on the performance,
blood and rumen parameters, and carcass traits of Merino sheep. Turk
J Vet Anim Sci 40:651-659.
Bodas R, Prieto N, García-González R, Andrés S, Giráldez FJ, López S
(2012) Manipulation of rumen fermentation and methane production
with plant secondary metabolites. Anim Feed Sci Technol 176:78-93.
Calsamiglia S, Busquet M, Cardozo PW, Castilejos L, Ferret A (2007)
Invited review: essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermen
tation. J Dairy Sci 90:2580-2595.
Campolina JP, Coelho SG, Belli AL, Machado FS, Pereira LGR, Tomich
TR, Carvalho WA, Silva, ROS, Voorsluys AL, Jacob DV, Campos
MM (2021) Effects of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer on per
formance, rumen fermentation, blood parameters and health scores of
dairy heifers. PLoS ONE 16(3):e0231068.
Castillejos L, Calsamiglia S, Mart´ın-Tereso J, Wijlen HT (2008) In vitro
evaluation of effects of ten essential oils at three doses on ruminal
fermentation of high concentrate feedlot-type diets. Anim Feed Sci
Technol 145:259-270.
Castillo M, Martín-Orúe SM, Roca M, Manzanilla EG, Badiola I, Perez
JF, Gasa J (2006) The response of gastrointestinal microbiota to avil
amycin, butyrate, and plant extracts in early-weaned pigs. J Anim Sci
:2725-2734.
Chiofalo V, Liotta L, Fiumanò R, Benedetta ER, Chiofalo B (2012) In
f
luence of dietary supplementation of Rosmarinus officinalis L. on
performances of dairy ewes organically managed. Small Rumin Res
:122-128.
Cobellis G, Acuti G, Fortea C, Menghini L, De Vincenzi S, Orrùa M, Val
iani A, Pacetti D, Trabalza-Marinucci M (2015) Use of Rosmarinus
officinalis in sheep diet formulations: Effects on ruminal fermenta
tion, microbial numbers and in situ degradability. Small Rumin Res
:10-18.
Crowell PL (1999) Prevention and therapy of cancer by dietary monoter
penes. J Nutr 129(3):775S-778S.
Durmic Z, Blache D (20129 Bioactive plants and plant products: effects
on animal function, health and welfare. Anim Feed Sci Technol
:150-162.
El-Gogary MR, El-Said EA, Mansour AM (2018) Physiological and ım
munological effects of rosemary essential oil in growing rabbit diets.
J Agric Res 10:7.
El-Gogary MR, El-Khateeb AY, Megahed AM (2020) Ecofriendly syn
thesis of calcium nanoparticles with biocompatible rosmarinus offıci
nalis extract on physiological and immunologıcal effects in broiler
chickens. Egypt Poult Sci 40 (I):81-102.
Foote AP, Hales KE, Lents CA, Freetly HC (2014) Association of circu
lating active and total ghrelin concentrations with dry matter intake,
growth, and carcass characteristics of finishing beef cattle. J Anim
Sci 92:5651-5658.
Froehlich KA, Abdelsalam KW, Chase C, Koppien-Fox J, Casper DP
(2017) Evaluation of essential oils and prebiotics for newborn dairy
calves. J Anim Sci 95:3772-3782.
Frutos P, Hervas G, Giráldez FJ, Mantecón AR (2004) A review. Tannins
and ruminant nutrition. Span J Agric Res 2:191-202.
Ghozlan SA, El-Far AH, Sadek KM, Abourawash AA, AbdelLatif MA
(2017) Effect of rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis) dietary supple
mentation in broiler chickens concerning immunity, antioxidant sta
tus, and performance. AJVS 55 (1):152-161.
Hill TM, Aldrich JM, Schlotterbeck RL, Bateman HGI (2007) Apex plant
botanicals for neonatal calf milk replacers and starters. Prof Anim Sci
:521-526.
Hosoda H, Kangawa K (2008) The autonomic nervous system regulates
gastric ghrelin secretion in rats. Regul Pept 146:12- 18.
Hou FX, Yang HF, Yu T, Chen W (2007) The immunosuppressive effects
of 10 mg / kg cyclophosphamide in Wistar rats. Environ Toxicol Phar
macol 24:30-36,
Jamroz D, Kamel C (2002) Plant extracts enhance broiler performance.
Plant extracts enhance broiler performance. In non ruminant nutri
tion: antimicrobial agents and plant extracts on immunity, health and
performance. J Anim Sci 80(1):41-46.
Jamroz D, Wertelecki T, Houszka M, Kamel C (2006) Influence of diet
type on the inclusion of plant origin active substances on morpho
logical and histochemical characteristics of the stomach and jejunum
walls in chicken. J Anim Physio Anim Nutr 90:255-268.
Jeshari M, Riasi A, Mahdavi AH, Khorvash M, Ahmadi F (2016) Effect of
essential oils and distillation residues blends on growth performance
and blood metabolites of Holstein calves weaned gradually or abrupt
ly. Livest Sci 185:117-122.
Katsoulos PD, Karatzia MA, Dovas CI, Filioussis G, Papadopoulos E,
Kiossis E, Arsenopoulos K, Papadopoulos T, Boscos C, Karatzias H
(2017) Evaluation of the in-field efficacy of oregano essential oil ad
ministration on the control of neonatal diarrhea syndrome in calves.
Res Vet Sci 115:478-83.
Kertz AF, Hill TM, Quigley JD, Heinrichs AJ, Linn JG, Drackley JK
(2017) A 100-year review: Calf nutrition and management. J Dairy
Sci 100:10151-10172.
Kholif AE, Matloup OH, Morsy TA, Abdo MM, Abu Elella AA, Anele
UY, Swanson KC, (2017) Rosemary and lemongrass herbs as phyto
genic feed additives to improve efficient feed utilization, manipulate
rumen fermentation and elevate milk production of Damascus goats,
Livestock Science,Vol. 204, Pages 39-46.
Liu T, Chen H, Bai Y, Wu J, Cheng S, He B, Casper DP (2020) Calf starter
containing a blend of essential oils and prebiotics affects the growth
performance of Holstein calves. J Dairy Sci 103:2315-2323.
Mathlouthi N, Bouzaienne T, Oueslati I, Recoquillay F, Hamdi M, Urdaci
M, Bergaoui R (2012) Use of rosemary, oregano, and a commercial
blend of essential oils in broiler chickens: In vitro antimicrobial ac
tivities and effects on growth performance. J Anim Sci 90:813-823.
NAHMS (2016) National Animal Health Monitoring System. Dairy cattle
management practices in the United States, USDA-APHIS Veterinary
Services, Ft. Collins, CO.
Odhaib KJ, Adeyemi KD, Ahmed MA, Jahromi MF, Jusoh S, Samsudin
AA, Alimon AR, Yaakub H, Sazili AQ (2018) Influence of Nigella
sativa seeds, Rosmarinus officinalis leaves and their combination on
growth performance, immune response and rumen metabolism in
Dorper lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 50:1011-1023.
Ohene-Adjei S, Chaves AV, McAllister TA, Benchaar C, Teather RM,
Forster RJ (2008) Evidence of increased diversity of methanogenic
archaea with plant extract supplementation. Microbial Ecol 56:234
Okoh OO, Sadimenko AP, Afolayan AJ (2010) Comparative evaluation
of the antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Rosmarinus of
f
icinalis L. obtained by hydrodistillation and solvent free microwave
extraction methods. Food Chem 120:308-312.
Pala-Paul J, Garcia-Jimenez R, Perez-ALonso MJ, Velasco-Negueruela
A, Sanz J (2004) Essential oil composition of the leaves and stems of
Meum athamanticum Jacq., from Spain. J Chromatogr A 1036:245
Pintore G, Usai M, Bradesi P, Juliano C, Boatto G, Tomi, F, Chessa M,
Cerri R, Casanova J (2002) Chemical composition and antimicrobial
activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Oils from Sardinia and Corsica.
Flavour Fragr J 17:15-19.
Polat U, Yesilbag D, Eren M (2011) Serum biochemical profile of broiler
chickens fed diets containing rosemary and rosemary volatile oil. J
Biol Environ Sci 5(13):23-30.
Poudel P, Froehlich K, Casper DP, St-Pierre B (2019) Feeding Essential
Oils to Neonatal Holstein Dairy Calves Results in Increased Ruminal
Prevotellaceae Abundance and Propionate Concentrations. Microor
ganisms 7(5):120.
Sahraei M, Pirmohammadi R, Payvastegan S (2014) The effect of rose
mary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oil on digestibility, ruminal
fermentation and blood metabolites of Ghezel sheep fed barley-based
diets. Span J Agric Res 12(2):448-454.
Salem A, López S, Ranilla MJ, González JS (2013) Short-to medium-term
effects of consumption of quebracho tannins on saliva production and
composition in sheep and goats. J Anim Sci 91:1341-1349.
Santos FHR, De Paula MR, Lezier D, Silva JT, Santos G, Bittar CMM
(2015) Essential oils for dairy calves: effects on performance, scours,
rumen fermentation and intestinal fauna. Animal 9(6):958-65.
Schären M, Drong C, Kiri K, Riede S, Gardener M, Meyer U, Hummel J,
Urich T, Breves G, Danicke S (2017) Differential effects of monen
sin and a blend of essential oils on rumen microbiota composition of
transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 100:2765- 2783.
Shokrollahi B, Amini F, Fakour S, Andi MA (2015) Effect of rosemary
(Rosmarinus officinalis) extract on weight, hematology and cell-me
diated immune response of newborn goat kids. J Agr Rural Develop
Trop Subtrop 116 (1):91-97.
Smeti S, Joy M, Hajji H, Alabart JL, Muñoz F, Mahouachi M, Atti
N.(2015) Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oils supple
mentation on digestion, colostrum production of dairy ewes and lamb
mortality and growth. Anim Sci J. 86;(7):679-88.
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991) Methods for Dietary Fiber,
Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Nonstarch Polysaccharides in Relation
to Animal Nutrition. J Dairy Sci 74(10):3583-97.
Wallace RJ (2004) Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabo
lites. Proc Nutr Soc 63:621-629.
Wanapat M, Kang S, Khejornsart P, Wanapat S (2013) Effects of plant
herb combination supplementation on rumen fermentation and nutri
ent digestibility in beef cattle. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 26:1127
Wertz-Lutz AE, Knight TJ, Pritchard RH, Daniel JA, Clapper JA, Smart
AJ, Trenkle A, Beitz DC (2006) Circulating ghrelin concentrations
f
luctuate relative to nutritional status and influence feeding behavior
in cattle. J Anim Sci 84:3285-3300.
Windisch W, Schedle K, Plitzner C, Kroismayr A (2008) Use of phyto
genic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. J Anim Sci
:E140-E148.
Wright DJ, Chapman PA, Siddons CA (1994) Immunomagnetic separa
tion as a sensitive method for isolating Escherichia coli O157 from
food samples. Epidemiol Infect 113:31-39.
Zhang W, Chai B, Li JY, Wang H, Mulholland MW (2008) Effect of des
acyl ghrelin on adiposity and glucose metabolism. Endocrinol 149
(9):4710-4716.
