Heavy Metal Residues and Microbial Status of Farmed and Channeled Cat Fish

PDF
Published: Apr 19, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.33294
Keywords:
: Clariasgariepinus Heavy metals Bacterial count E.coli STEC MRGs
NA Ebied
animal health research institute, kafrelsheikh university
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0833-9944
MS Abdou
Bacteriology department, Animal Health Research Institute, Kafr El-Sheikh branch, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt
ME Abass
Biochemistry department, Animal Health Research Institute, Kafr El-Sheikh branch, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt
AS Kassab
Fish diseases department, Animal Health Research Institute, Kafr El-Sheikh branch, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt
Abstract

The purpose of the study was to look into the bioaccumulation of Cu, Cd, Pb, Mn, Fe and Zn in the muscles and livers of Clarias gariepinus catfish from farms and channels sources of River Nile in Kafr El-Sheikh province, Egypt, with microbiological evaluation of fish quality, and  detection of Shiga toxin genes (stx1, stx2), and metal resistant genes (MRGs) in E. coli isolated and identified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) from fish muscles to predict the crucial hazards on consumers’ health from fish of both sources. The results showed increased metal levels in the tissues and liver of farmed fish than in the channeled, especially Pb detected by very high concentrations (16.39±1.26 and 11.90±1.68) mg/kg in 20% of examined muscles and liver samples of farmed fish, all detected levels of Pb were exceeded the permissible limits (PLs). Pb was not detected in the channel source. Mn, Fe and Zn were detected in all samples of both sources by (100%), but Mn and Fe only exceeded the PLs, while Zinc was with values lower than PLs. The (TBC), (TCC), Contamination rates with E.coli, STEC, and E.coli with (nccA and czcD) were found also significantly higher (p < 0.05) in examined muscle samples from farmed than channeled source. Stx2, nccA, and czcD genes were detected by 10%, 30%, and 20% respectively from identified STEC samples. In conclusion, farmed catfish had higher levels of heavy metals and bacterial pollution than channel catfish,in addition metal resistant bacteria may be considered an indicator of heavy metal contamination in the aquatic ecosystem

Article Details
  • Section
  • Research Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Author Biography
NA Ebied, animal health research institute, kafrelsheikh university
  • phd. food hygiene
  • Senior Researcher at Animal Health Research Institute
Kafr ash Shaykh, Egypt food safety, hygiene, control, and quality. ISO 9001, HACCP, GMP. lead auditor FSMS ISO 22OOO & FSSC 22000/ ERCA.
References
Abdelhamid AM, Gomaa AH, El-Sayed HGM (2013) Studies on some
heavy metals in the River Nile water and fish at Helwan area, Egypt.
Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. & Fish. 17 (2): 105- 126. ISSN 1110 - 6131 www.
ejabf.eg.net
Abd El-Baky TE (2001) Heavy metals concentrations in the catfish, Clariasgariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from River Nile, El-Salam Canal and
Lake Manzala and their impacts on cortisol and thyroid hormones.
Egypt. J. Aquati. Biol. & Fish. 5(1): 79-98.
Abdel-Hafez SM, El-Caryony IA (2009) An economic study on the production of catfish in the Egyptian fisheries. J. Arab. Aqua. Soc 4.1: 19-34.
Afshan S, Ali S, Ameen U S, Farid M, Bharwana SA, Hannan F, Ahmad R
(2014) Effect of Different Heavy Metal Pollution on Fish. Res. J. Chem.
Env. Sci. 2(1) 74-79. ISSN 2321-1040. http://www.aelsindia.com
Ahmed AM, Shimamoto T (2015) Molecular analysis of multidrug resistance in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from
meat and dairy products. Int. J. Food. Microbiol. 193:68-73.
Ali MM, Ahmed SF, Klena JD, Mohamed ZK, Moussa TA, Ghenghesh
KS (2014) EnteroaggregativeEscherichia coli in diarrheic children in
Egypt: molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility. J.
Infect. Dev. Ctries. 14 (5): 589-596.
Al-Nagaaway AM, Shehata MN, Dawah AM, Mansour EM (2009) Evaluation of some heavy metals residues in different water sources and Nile
Tilapia in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Egypt. J. Agric. Res. 87 (2): 591-
AOAC (2005) Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 18th
ed., 33.2.43AOAC International, Maryland, USA.
APHA (2005) Enumeration of heterotrophs, fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in water: comparison of 3M™ Petrifilm™ plates with standard plating procedures. J.microbiological methods. 60(3): 335-342.
APHA (1998) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edition. American Public Health Association, Washington,
D.C.
APHA (2001) Compendiums of methods for microbiological examination
of foods. 4th ed. 365-366. 800.1st, NW Washington DC.2000. 1-3710.
Asif L, Anurup M (2012) An investigation on heavy metal tolerance and
antibiotic resistance properties of bacterial strain Bacillus sp. isolated
from municipal waste. J. Microbiol. Biotech. Res. 2 (1):178-189. http://
scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html
Atlas RM, Bartha R (1993) Microbial ecology: fundamentals and applications / Ronald M.Atlas, Richard Bartha-book. ASIN: ‎ 0805306536; Publisher: Benjamin-Cummings Pub Co; 3rd Ed.
Ayulo AMR, Machado RA, Scussel VM (1994) EnterotoxigenicEscherichia
coli and Staphylococcus aureus in fish and seafood from the southern region of Brazil. International J. of Food Microbiology, 24(1-2): 171-178.
Badr AM, Mahana NA, Eissa A (2014)Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels
in Water and Their Toxicity in Some Tissues of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) in River Nile Basin at Greater Cairo, Egypt. Global Veterinaria 13 (4): 432-443.
Bahnasawy M, Saad EA, Maroof HA, AbouShehatta SA (2019) Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in water and tissues of naturally infected
Oreochromisniloticus from two polluted sites in Egypt, with reference
to related oxidative stress.Effects of Heavy Metals and Pathogenic Bacteria on the Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Immune Response of
Clariasgariepinusin Egypt. IJSER j. 10(1):610-615. Project: Ph.D. Research., ISSN 2229-5518. IJSER © 2019 http://www.ijser.org.
Bakhiet HHA, Gebrel WME (2020) Quality evaluation of chilled fish (orechromisnilotcus and bagrusbayad) at al-damer fish market-Sudan. Advances in Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine j. 6 (1)
Bayomy HM, Rozan MA, Ziena HM (2015)Lead and Cadmium Contents in
Nile Water, Tilapia and Catfish from Rosetta Branch, River Nile, Egypt.
J. Food and Dairy Sci., Mansoura Univ. 6 (4): 253- 262
Biswas S, Prabhu RK, Hussain KJ, Selvanayagam M, Satpathy KK (2011)
Heavy metals concentration in edible fishes from coastal region of
Kalpakkam, south eastern part of India. Environ. Monit. Assess. http://
dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2325-y.
Brooks JT, Sowers EG, Wells JG (2005) Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli infections in the United States, 1983-2002. J. Infec.t
Dis. 192:1422-1429.
Burger J, Gochfeld M (2005) Heavy metals in commercial fish in New Jersey. Environmental Research. 99: 403 - 412
Burgos MG, Rainbow PS (2001) Availability of cadmium and zinc from
sewage sludge to the flounder, Platichthysflesus, via a marine food
chain. Marine environmental research. 51.5: 417-439.‏
Dipineto L, Santaniello A, Fontanella M, Lagos K, Fioretti A, Menna LF
(2006) Presence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 in
living layer hens. Letters in Applied Microbiology 43 (2006) 293-295.
El-Gamal AM, Abdou MS, Salem NIE, Ebied NA (2016) Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli in
Beef Retail Markets. Alexandria J. of Veterinary Sciences. Jan. 48 (1):
-56 ISSN 1110-2047. www.alexjvs.com. DOI: 10.5455/ajvs.205072
Elnimr T (2011) Evaluation of some heavy metals in Pangasiushypothalmus
and Tilapia nilotica and the role of acetic acid in lowering their levels.
International J. of Fisheries and Aquaculture. 3(8): 151-157.
Eltholth M, Kimberly FK, Grace D, Rushton J, Häsler B (2018)Assessing the
chemical and microbiological quality of farmed tilapia in Egyptian fresh
fish markets. J. gfs. 17:14-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2018.03.003
EOS (2005) Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Quality, Chilled
fish. ES No.3494.
EOS (2010) Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Quality, Maximum level for heavy metal contaminants in food. ESNO.7136/2010.
Cairo, Egypt.
EU (2006) Commission Regulation setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official J. of the European Union 1881/2006.
(12) (PDF) Determination of selected heavy metals in tuna fish (Thunnusthynnus). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275094647_Determination_of_selected_heavy_metals_in_tuna_
fish_Thunnus_thynnus.accessed Jan. 20/ 2022.
FAO (2010) “Food and Agriculture Organization”Expert workshop on the
application of biosecurity measures to control Salmonella contamination in sustainable aquaculture FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report
No. 937 ISSN 2070-6987, Mangalore, India, 19-21 Jan.
FDA (2001) “Food and Drug Administration,” Bacteriological Analytical
Manual, Staphylococcus aureus, Bennett, R.W. and G.A. Lancette, Ch.
, Rev. Jan. 8th Ed., Rev. A. AOAC, International, Gaithersburg, MD.
Garai P, Banerjee P, Mondal P, Saha NC (2021) Effect of heavy metals on
fishes: Toxicity and bioaccumulation. J ClinToxicol. S, 18.
Grant MA, Hedberg C, Johnson R(2011) Executive summary. The significance of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in food.
Food Prot. Trends. 33-42.
Gyles, CL (2007) Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: An overview. J.
Anim. Sci. 66: E45-E62.
‏Hagras AE, Elbaghdady HM, Gouda AMR (2018) Assessment of Water
Quality and Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments, and Some Organs of
African Catfish (Clariasgariepinus) in El-Serw drain, Nile Delta,Egypt.
International J. of Environment. 7 (4): 124-141
Hagras AE, El-Gammal MI, Abdrabouh E, El-Bahnasy HT (2017) Environmental Impact Assessment of Heavy Metals on African Catfish (Clariasgariepinus) of some Drains in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. J. of
Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology. 39-51.
Hashemi M (2018) Heavy metal concentrations in bovine tissues (muscle,
liver and kidney) and their relationship with heavy metal contents in
consumed feed. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 154: 263-267.
Ibrahim D, Froberg B, Wolf A, Rusyniak DE (2006) Heavy metal poisoning:
clinical presentations and pathophysiology. Clinics in laboratory medicine. 26(1): 67-97.
Kaci AF, Petit P, Lesueur D, Boust A Vrel, Berthe T (2014) Distinct diversity of the czcAgene in two sedimentary horizons from a contaminated
estuarine core. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 21: 10787-10802. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11356-014-3029-y
Kok T, Worswich D, Gowans E (1996) some serological techniques for microbial and viral infections. In Practical Medical Microbiology (Collee
J, Fraser A., Marmion B, and Simmons A., eds.) 14th ed., Edinburgh.
Churchill Livingstone. UK.
Kolappan A, Satheesh S (2011) Efficacy of UV treatment in the management
of bacterial adhesion on hard surfaces. Polish Journal of Microbiology
2. 119.
Ladan MN, Reza G (2006)A study on enteropathogenicEscherichia coli isolated from domestic Iranian soft cheese; Vet arhiv76 (6), 531-536.
Maturin L, Peeler JT (2001) BAM: Aerobic plate count. US Food and Drug
Administration: Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Mona TR, Naser GA, Amany LF, Abdallah MIM (2017) Risk evaluation of
some fish aquaculture”. Journal of Egyptian veterinary medical association. 77(2) 313-336.
Mustafa GR, Zhao K, He X, Chen S, Liu S, Mustafa A, Zou L (2021) Heavy
Metal Resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium and Its Association
with Disinfectant and Antibiotic Resistance. Frontiers in microbiology. Nriagu, J.O. and Pacyna, J.M. Quantitative Assessment of Worldwide Contamination of Air, Water and Soils by Trace Metals. Nature,
(6169): 134-199. DOI: 10.1038/333134a0
MutluNisa ÜC, Hatice K, Burhan A, Gökhan C (2005) Plasmid mediated
heavy metal resistances in Enterobacter spp. isolated from Sofulu landfill, in Adana, Turkey. Annals of Microbiology. 55 (3): 175-179.
Osman AG, Kloas W (2010) Water quality and heavy metal monitoring
in water, sediments and tissues of the African catfish Claris gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from the River Nile. Egypt. J. of Environ. Prot.1
(4):389-400.
Paschoalini AL, Savassi LA, Arantes FP, Rizzo E, Bazzoli N (2019) Heavy
metals accumulation and endocrine disruption in Prochilodus argenteus
from a polluted neotropical river. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.169:539-550.
Quinn PJ, Markey BK, Carter ME, Donnelly WJC, Leonard FC, Maguire
D (2002) VeterinaryMicrobiology and Microbial Disease.Published by
Blackwell. PP. 113-116.
Rubio C, Gonzalez-Iglesias T, Revert C, Reguera JI, Gutierrez AJ, Hardisson
A
(2005)Lead dietary intake in a Spanish population (Canary Islands). J Agric.
Food
Chem. 53 (16): 6543-6549.
Redaktor ER, Cecilie HI (2021) Screening for Antimicrobial- And Heavy
Metal Resistant Bacteria in Copper Contaminated Areas. Rapport Fra,
Havforsknin Gen. NR. 18. ISSN: 1893-4536
Reilly A, Käferstein F (1997)Food safety hazards and the application of
principles of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP)
system for their control 10.1046/j.1365-2109.1997.00939.x.
Rizkalla EH, Haleem HH, Yassa VF (2012)Variability of Heavy Metals in
Wild Catfish ClariasgariepinusCollected South and North Cairo Area.
Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. & Fish16 (4): 17-42 ISSN 1110 -1131 www.ejabf.
eg.net
Salam MA, Paul SC, Zain RAMM, Bhowmik S, Nath MR, Siddiqua SA,
Amin MFM(2020) Trace metals contamination potential and health risk
assessment of commonly consumed fish of Perak River, Malaysia. Plos
one, 15(10). e0241320.
Scallan E, Hoekstra RM, Angulo FJ (2011) Foodborne illness acquired in the
United States—major pathogens. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 17: 7-15.
Silver S, Misra TK (1988)Plasmid-Mediated Heavy Metal Resistances.
Annual Review of Microbiology. 42:717-743 https://doi.org/10.1146/
annurev.mi.42.100188.003441
Terzi, E. 2018. Antimicrobial resistance profiles and tetracycline resistance
genes of Escherichia coli in Mediterranean mussel and sea snails collected from Black Sea, Turkey. Alinteri. JAS. 33(1): 43-49. https://doi.
org/10.28955/alinterizbd.355019.
Ture M, Altinok I, Alp H (2018) Effects of cage farming on antimicrobial and
heavy metal resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, and
Lactococcusgarvieae. Microb. Drug Resist 24(9):1422-1430. https://
doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2018.004
Ture M, Kilic MB, Altinok I (2020) Relationship between heavy metal accumulation in fish muscle and heavy metal resistance genes in bacteria isolated from fish. Biological Trace Element Research, https://doi.
org/10.1007/s12011-020-02246-0.
Valko MMHCM, Morris H, Cronin MTD (2005) Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress. Current medicinal chemistry. 12.10: 1161-1208.
WHO (1993) Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 2ndedn, Vol 1.Recommendations, Geneva.
Yang S, Deng W, Liu S, Yu X, Mustafa GR, Chen S, He L, Ao X, Yang Y,
Zhou K, Li B, Han X, Xu X, Zou L (2020) Presence of heavy metal resistance genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella, and analysis
of resistance gene structure in E. coli E308. J. of Global Antimicrobial Resistance. 21: 420-426. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jgar.2020.01.00 9 Mar. Sci. Tech. Bull. (2021) 10(1): 42-53 e-ISSN:
-9666 info@masteb.com dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/
Yarsan E, Yipel M (2013) The important terms of marine pollution Biomarkers and biomonitoring, bioaccumulation, bioconcentration, biomagnification. J. MolBiomarkDiagn S1