Buckwheat Forage as a Ruminant Feed: The Effects of Different Harvesting Stages on the Nutritive Value and Yield of Two Cultivars
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effects of harvesting stages on the chemical constituents, energy values, in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD), forage yield, and relative feed values (RFV) of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), cultivars, Aktaş and Güneş, developed in Turkey. Buckwheat forage was harvested at following three stages: the early dough (ED) stage, the soft-to-hard dough (SHD) stage, and the fresh stover (S) stage. The forage dry matter (DM) yields of the Aktaş and Güneş cultivars were 458.63 and 479.02 kg /da respectively, and no significant difference was found between the cultivars in terms of the forage DM yield, chemical constituents, energy values, IVTDMD and RFV (P>0.05). The forage yield was primarily affected by the harvesting stage. The forage DM yield for the average of the two cultivars increased by about 27% from the ED to the SHD stage, but decreased by about 62% from the ED to the S stage. Significant differences were observed between the S stage and the other two harvest stages in terms of chemical constituents, energy values, IVTDMD and RFV, and the lowest nutritive values were obtained at the S stage (P<0.05). In both buckwheat cultivars, the highest crude protein (CP) and IVTDMD were obtained at the ED stage, but CP yield and digestible dry matter yield were found to be highest at the SHD stage. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the buckwheat cultivars Aktaş and Güneş should be harvested at the SHD stage. The CP content of the fresh stover was 8.90% since the fresh buckwheat stover, remained in the field after the grain harvest, contained flowers, green seeds and mature seeds besides leaves and stems, which were green during this period. However, the IVTDMD value was found to be as low as 47.92%, indicating a reduction in forage quality.
Article Details
- Zitationsvorschlag
-
Hanoğlu Oral, H. (2024). Buckwheat Forage as a Ruminant Feed: The Effects of Different Harvesting Stages on the Nutritive Value and Yield of Two Cultivars. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 75(1), 7161–7172. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.35161
- Ausgabe
- Bd. 75 Nr. 1 (2024)
- Rubrik
- Research Articles
Dieses Werk steht unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung - Nicht-kommerziell 4.0 International.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Downloads
Keine Nutzungsdaten vorhanden.
Literaturhinweise
Acar Z, Öztürk M, Keleş G (2015) Determination of performance of yearlings fed with rations containing wheat, maize and buckwheat straws. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology 3(2): 59-62. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i2.59-62.159 (In Turkish) Alkay R, Kökten K (2020) Effects of sowing time on herbage yield and quality in buckwheat varieties under Bingöl conditions. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science 9(1): 29-34. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.705168 (In Turkish)
Amelchanka S L, Kreuzer M, Leiber F (2010) Utility of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) as feed: effects of forage and grain on in vitro ruminal fermentation and performance of dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 155: 111-121. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.10.007
AOAC (1998) Official Method of Analysis. 15th Edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC.
AOCS (2005) Approved procedure Am 5-04, Rapid determination of oil/fat utilizing high temperature solvent extraction. American Oil Chemists’ Society Urbana, IL, USA. Retrieved on June 12, 2022, from
Bárta J, Kalinová J, Moudrý J, Čurn V (2004) Effects of environmental factors on protein content and composition in buckwheat flour. Cereal Res Commun 32: 541-548. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03543346
Billman ED, Souza IA, Smith RG, Soder KJ, Warren N, Brito AF (2022) Evaluating warm-season annual forages to fill summer forage gaps in short-season climates. Crop Forage Turfgrass Manag 8: e20152. https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20152
Björkman T, Chase L (2009) Buckwheat for forage. Retrieved on June 12, 2022, from http://www.hort.cornell.edu/bjorkman/lab/buck/guide/forage.php
Buxton DR (1996) Quality-related characteristics of forages as influenced by plant environment and agronomic factors. Anim Feed Sci Technol 59(1-3): 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00885-3
Campbell CG (1997) Buckwheat. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 19. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
Çelik H, Selçuk Z (2019) Determination of in vitro true digestibilities of different rates of vetch hay and alfalfa hay with caramba. Van Vet J 30(3): 145-149. https://doi.org/10.36483/vanvetj.478518.
Dias LM, Oliveira LAT (2017) Adaptabilidade do trigo mourisco na região do cerrado. Dourados: UFGD, 35 p.
Eggum BO, Kreft I, Javornik B (1980) Chemical composition and protein quality of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Plant Foods Hum Nutr 30(3-4): 175-179. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01094020
El Bassam N (2010) Handbook of Bioenergy Crops. A Complete Reference to Species, Development and Applications. 1st Edition, Earhscan, London, UK, 544 p. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849774789
Er M, Keles G (2021) Buckwheat conservation as hay or silage: agronomic evaluation, nutritive value, conservation quality, and intake by lactating dairy goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 53: 215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-021-02655-w
Erol S, Arslan Ö, Aşık BB, Çarpıcı EB (2022) The effects of different sowing times and harvest stages on forage yield and quality in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Turkish J Field Crop 27(1): 78-86.
Fekadu D, Walelegn M, Terefe G (2018) Nutritional comparison of feed resources for ruminant animals feeding in Ethiopia using relative forage quality. J Nat Sci Res 8(15): 1-7.
Girma K, Holtz S, Tubaña B, Solie J, Raun W (2010) Nitrogen accumulation in shoots as a function of growth stage of corn and winter wheat. J Plant Nutr 34(2) : 165-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2011.533320
Görgen AV, Cabral Filho SLS, Leite GG, Spehar CR, Diogo JMS, Ferreira DB (2016) Produtividade e qualidade da forragemde trigo-mourisco (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) e de milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.BR). Rev Bras de Saúde Prod Anim 17(4): 599-607. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402016000400004
Güllap MK, Tan M, Severoğlu S, Yazıcı A (2021) The effects of harvest stage on hay and seed yields and some properties in buckwheat (Fagophyrum esculentum Moench). Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty 52(1): 20-26. https://doi.org/10.17097/ataunizfd.716737 (In Turkish)
Herremans S, Férard A, Wyss U, Maxin G (2018) Les cultures dérobées: des fourrages de qualité nutritive intéressante. Fourrages 233: 39-46. hal-01875838
Heuzé V, Tran G, Maxin G, Lebas F (2019) Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) forage. Feedipedia, a programme by INRAE, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. Retrieved on June 12, 2022, from https://www.feedipedia.org/node/25478
Kacar B, Katkat AV (2010) Plant Nutrition. 5th Edition, Nobel Publishing, Ankara, 660 p. (In Turkish).
Kälber T, Kreuzer M, Leiber F (2011) Flowering catch crops used as forage plants for dairy cows: Influence on fatty acids and tocopherols in milk. J Dairy Sci 94:1477-1489. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3708
Kälber T, Kreuzer M, Leiber F (2012) Silages containing buckwheat and chicory: quality digestibility and nitrogen utilisation by lactating cows. Arch Anim Nutr 66(1): 50-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2011.630213
Kälber T, Kreuzer M, Leiber F (2013) Effect of feeding buckwheat and chicory silages on fatty acid profile and cheese-making properties of milk from dairy cows. J Dairy Res 80: 81-88. doi:10.1017/S0022029912000647
Kälber T, Kreuzer M, Leiber F (2014) Milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows fed green whole-plant buckwheat, phacelia or chicory in their vegetative and reproductive stage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 193: 71-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.04.007
Kara N (2014) Yield and mineral nutrition content of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench): the effect of harvest times. SDU Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 9 (1):85-94. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/308673
Keleş G, Ateş S, Güneş A, Halıcı İ (2012) Nutritive value and fermentation characteristics of buckwheat silage ensiled with chemical or biological additives. Selçuk J Agr Food Sci 26(4): 33-36. (In Turkish)
Koutsoukis C, Akrida-Demertzi K, Demertzis PG, Roukos C, Voidarou C, Kandrelis S. (2016) The variation of crude protein and total fat of the main grassland plants, in various stages of growth, in “Kostilata” subalpine grassland in Theodoriana, Arta, Greece. Ekin J Crop Breed Genetic 2(2): 69-75.
Lardy G, Anderson V, Dahlen C, Carlson Z (2022) Alternative feeds for ruminants. North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND. Retrieved on June 12, 2022, from https://www.ndsu.edu/agriculture/extension/publications/alternative-feeds-ruminants
Leiber F, Kunz C, Kreuzer M (2012) Influence of different morphological parts of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and its major secondary metabolite rutin on rumen fermentation in vitro. Czech J Anim Sci 57(1): 10-18. https://doi.org/10.17221/5479-CJAS
Leiber F (2016) Buckwheat in the nutrition of livestock and poultry. In: Zhou M, Kreft I, Woo S-H, Nikhil Chrungoo N & Wieslander G (Eds). Molecular Breeding and Nutritional Aspects of Buckwheat, Elsevier, pp. 229-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803692-1.00018-3
Licitra G, Hernandez TM, Van Soest PJ (1996) Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Anim Feed Sci Technol 57(4): 347-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00837-3
Lithourgidis AS, Vasilakoglou IB, Dhima KV, Dordas CA, Yiakoulaki MD (2006) Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with oat and triticale in two seeding ratios. Field Crop Res 99(2-3): 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2006.03.008
Lyons RK, Machen RV, Forbes TDA (1999) Why Range Forage Quality Changes. Texas AgriLife Extension Service, B-6036, 7 p.
MacAdam JW (2020) Development and nutritive value of high altitude-grown alfalfa and meadow bromegrass [Abstract]. In: ASA, CSSA and SSSA International Annual Meetings (2020) | VIRTUAL, Phoenix, AZ. Retrieved on June 12, 2022, from https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2020am/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/125556
Mariotti M, Andreuccetti V, Tozzi B, Liponi G, Turchi B, Arduini I, Gatta D (2015) Forage production and nutritional characteristics of buckwheat as affected by maturity and conservation method. Agrochimica 59(2): 137-154. doi:10.12871/0021857201524
Martin NP, Mertens DR, Weimer PJ (2004) Alfalfa: hay, haylage, baleage and other novel products. In: Proceedings of the Idaho Alfalfa and Forage Conference, February, 24-25, 2004, pp. 9-18.
Minson D (1990) Forage in Ruminant Nutrition. 1st Edition, Academic Press, New York, 502 p. eBook ISBN: 9780323147989
Mu CT, Ding N, Hao XY, Zhao YB, Wang PJ, Zhao JX, Ren YS, Zhang CX, Zhang W J, Xiang BW, Zhang JX (2019) Effects of different proportion of buckwheat straw and corn straw on performance, rumen fermentation and rumen microbiota composition of fattening lambs. Small Rum Res 181: 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.09.006
Nelson CJ, Moser LE (1994) Plant factors affecting forage quality. In: G C Fahey Jr, M Collins, D R Mertens & L E Moser (Eds.), Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 115-154. https://doi.org/10.2134/1994.foragequality.c3
Nocek JE (1986) Novel method for quantitating structural and nonstructural carbohydrates in feedstuffs. US Patent No. 4,617,276. https://patents.google.com/patent/US4617276A/en
NRC (1984). Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. 6th Edition, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 63 p. https://doi.
org/10.17226/19398
NRC (2001). Nutrient Requirements for Dairy Cattle. 7th Revised Edition, National Academy Press, Washington DC, 405 p. https://doi.org/10.17226/9825
Omokanye A, Hernandez G, Lardner HA, Al-Maqtari B, Kabal Singh Gill KB, Lee A (2021) Alternative forage feeds for beef cattle in Northwestern Alberta, Canada: forage yield and nutritive value of forage brassicas and forbs. J Appl Anim Res 49(1): 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2021.1933990
Płażek A, Słomka A, Kopéc P, Dziurka M, Hornyák M, Sychta K, Pastuszak J, Dubert F (2019) Effects of high temperature on embryological development and hormone profile in flowers and leaves of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Int J Mol Sci 20:1705. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071705
Radics L, Mikóházi D (2010) Principles of common buckwheat production. Eur J Plant Sci Biotechnol 4 (Special Issue 1): 57-63.
Sanson DW, Kercher CJ (1996) Validation of equations used to estimate relative feed value of alfalfa hay. Prof Anim Sci 12(3): 162-166. https://doi.org/10.15232/S1080-7446(15)32512-2
SAS Institute (1998) Statistical Analysis System Institute: StatView Reference Manual. SAS Institute Cary NC.
Sürmen M, Kara E (2017) Yield and quality features of buckwheat-soybean mixtures in organic agricultural conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5(13): 1732-1736.
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i13.1732-1736.1519 (In Turkish)
Taiz L, Zeiger E (2008) Plant Physiology. İ Türkan (Trans. Ed.), Palme Publishing, Ankara, 690 p. (In Turkish)
Van Soest PJ (1994) Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. 2nd Edition, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 476 p. https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501732355
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 74(10): 3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
Villalba JJ, Ates S, MacAdam JW (2021) Non-fiber carbohydrates in forages and their influence on beef production systems. Front Sustain Food Syst 5: 566338. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.566338
Vojtíšková P, Švec P, Kubán V, Krejzová E, Bittová M, Krácmar S, Svobodová B (2014) Chemical composition of buckwheat plant parts and selected buckwheat products. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 8(1): 247-253. https://doi.org/10.5219/385
Yavuz M, Kara B (2018) Comparison of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) silage and hay. In: 1st International Symposium on Silvopastoral Systems and Nomadic Societies in Mediterranean Countries, 22-24 October, Isparta, Turkey, pp. 52-57.
Zhou M, Huo M, Wang J, Shi T, Li F, Zhou M, Wang J, Zhiyong Liao Z (2022) Identification of Tartary buckwheat varieties suitable for forage via nutrient value analysis at different growth stages. Int J Plant Biol 13(2): 31-43; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb13020005
