Η χρήση των φυκιών στη διατροφή των ζώων


Δημοσιευμένα: Nov 17, 2017
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Φύκια διατροφή άνθρωπος μηρυκαστικά μονογαστρικά
E. CHRISTAKI (Ε. ΧΡΗΣΤΑΚΗ)
M. KARATZIA (Μ. ΚΑΡΑΤΖΙΑ)
P. FLOROU-PANERI (Π. ΦΛΩΡΟΥ-ΠΑΝΕΡΗ)
Περίληψη

Τα φΰκια είναι οι πρώτοι υδρόβιοι φωτοσυνθετικοί οργανισμοί που εμφανίστηκαν στη Γη πριν από 3,5 δισεκατομμύρια χρόνια. Είναι μονοκύτταροι (μικροφύκια ή φυτοπλαγκτόν) ή πολυκύτταροι οργανισμοί (μακροφύκια) με μέγεθος από 0,2-2 μιη ή ακόμη και 60 m, αντίστοιχα, καθώς και χημική σύσταση που ποικίλλει ευρέως. Τα μακροφύκια διακρίνονται σε chlorophyta, phaeophyta, chrysophyta και rhodophyta, ενώ τα μικροφύκια σε pyrrhophyta και cyanophyta. Τα φύκια με τη φωτοσύνθεση συγκρατούν το O2της ατμόσφαιρας, συμβάλλοντας έτσι στη μείωση του φαινομένου του θερμοκηπίου. Μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν ως: βιοκαύσιμα, πρόσθετες ύλες διατροφής (αλγινικό οξύ και τα άλατα του, αγάρ, καραγεννάνες, χρωστικές), καλλυντικά, οργανικό λίπασμα κ.ά. Επιπλέον, τα εδώδιμα φύκια θεωρούνται ως αξιόλογες πήγες ανόργανων ουσιών και πρωτεϊνών, τόσο στη διατροφή του ανθρώπου όσο και των ζώων. Μελέτες σε γαλακτοπαραγωγές αγελάδες έδειξαν ότι η προσθήκη φυκιών στο σιτηρεσιό τους αυξάνει τη γαλακτοπαραγωγή και επιμηκύνει τη γαλακτική περίοδο, ενώ των μικροφυκιών εμπλουτίζει το γάλα σε πολυακόρεστα λιπαρά οξέα. Τα φύκια στη διατροφή των μοσχαριών ενδυναμώνουν το ανοσοποιητικό τους σύστημα και βελτιώνουν τα χαρακτηριστικά του κρέατος, ενώ στη διατροφή των αιγών αυξάνουν τη λιποπεριεκτικότητα του γάλατος. Φύκια, ιδιαίτερα αυτά που είναι πλούσια σε πολυακόρεστα λιπαρά οξέα, θα μπορούσαν να χρησιμοποιηθούν στη διατροφή κουνελιών, χοίρων και κρεοπαραγωγών ορνιθίων εμπλουτίζοντας το κρέας τους σε αυτά. Σε ό,τι αφορά τη διατροφή αυγοπαραγωγών ορνίθων φαίνεται ότι τα φύκια αυξάνουν την περιεκτικότητα της λεκίθου του αυγού σελιπαρά οξέα και ενδυναμώνουν το χρώμα της. Ακόμη, τα φύκια μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν στα σιτηρεσια των εκτρεφόμενων ψαριών. Χρειάζονται, όμως, περαιτέρω μελέτες σχετικά με τη χρήση φυκιών σε πολλά επιστημονικά πεδία, αλλά και σε πολλούς άλλους τομείς της έρευνας.

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