Αφλατοξίνες και τρόφιμα ζωικής προέλευσης
Δημοσιευμένα:
Νοε 21, 2017
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Αφλατοξίνες AFB1 AFM1 γάλα τρόφιμα ζωικής προέλευσης
Περίληψη
Οι αφλατοξίνες είναι μυκοτοξίνες που παράγονται από είδη του μύκητα Aspergillus spp σε ζωοτροφές και τρόφιμα σε όλα τα μέρη του κόσμου. Έχουν ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον για τη δημόσια υγεία, καθώς έχει αποδειχθεί η τοξική τους δράση (οξεία και χρόνια) σε ζώα και ανθρώπους. Στον άνθρωπο, η πρόσληψη αφλατοξινών με τα τρόφιμα μπορεί να προκαλέσει σοβαρές παθολογικές καταστάσεις, όπως ο καρκίνος του ήπατος, οι χρόνιες ηπατίτιδες και η κίρρωση του ήπατος. Ανάμεσα στις 4 κυριότερες αφλατοξίνες (B1, Β2, G1 και G2), η αφλατοξίνη B1 (AFB1) είναι η πιο τοξική που ανευρίσκεται συχνότερα στις ζωοτροφές. Το μεγαλύτερο ενδιαφέρον για τα τρόφιμα ζωικής προέλευσης παρουσιάζει η αφλατοξίνη Μ1 (AFM1). Είναι ο κυριότερος υδροξυλιωμενος μεταβολίτης της αφλατοξίνης AFB1 που βρίσκεται κυρίως στο γάλα των γαλακτοπαραγωγικών ζώων που καταναλώνουν ζωοτροφές μολυσμένες με AFB1 Έρευνες των τελευταίων 15 ετών έχουν δείξει ότι τα επίπεδα επιβάρυνσης του παραγόμενου γάλακτος με AFM1 στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση και τις ΗΠΑ είναι χαμηλά σε αντίθεση με εκείνα που βρέθηκαν σε χώρες της Αφρικής, της Ασίας και της Λατινικής Αμερικής. Άλλες έρευνες σε παγκόσμια κλίμακα έδειξαν ότι το ποσοστό της AFM1 σε άλλα ζωικά τρόφιμα (κρέας, αυγά, κ.λπ.) είναι γενικά χαμηλότερα σε σύγκριση με εκείνα στο γάλα και τα γαλακτοκομικά προϊόντα. Η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση έχει θεσμοθετίσει για την AFM1 το MRL των 0,05 μg/kg και 0,025 μg/kg για το νωπό και το γάλα σε σκόνη των βρεφών, αντίστοιχα. Έτσι, για να προστατευθεί η υγεία του ανθρώπου, είναι απαραίτητο να εφαρμόζονται προγράμματα έλεγχου για την αποφυγή της επιβάρυνσης των ζωοτροφών και των τροφίμων με αφλατοξίνες.
Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
- Πώς να δημιουργήσετε Αναφορές
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GOVARIS (Α. ΓΚΟΒΑΡΗΣ) A. (2017). Αφλατοξίνες και τρόφιμα ζωικής προέλευσης. Περιοδικό της Ελληνικής Κτηνιατρικής Εταιρείας, 60(4), 534–543. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14940
- Τεύχος
- Τόμ. 60 Αρ. 4 (2009)
- Ενότητα
- Review Articles
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Λήψεις
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