Ωχρατοξίνη Α και τρόφιμα ζωικής προέλευσης

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Δημοσιευμένα: Nov 24, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14995
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
ωχρατοξίνη Α μυκοτοξίνη
A. GOVARIS (Α. ΓΚΟΒΑΡΗΣ)
Εργαστήριο Υγιεινής Τροφίμων Ζωικής Προέλευσης, Τμήμα Κτηνιατρικής, Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλίας
N. SOLOMAKOS (Ν. ΣΟΛΩΜΑΚΟΣ)
Εργαστήριο Υγιεινής Τροφίμων Ζωικής Προέλευσης, Τμήμα Κτηνιατρικής, Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλίας
A. PAXARA (Α. ΠΕΞΑΡΑ)
Εργαστήριο Υγιεινής Τροφίμων Ζωικής Προέλευσης, Τμήμα Κτηνιατρικής, Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλίας
Περίληψη

Η ωχραχοξίνη Α (ΩΤΑ) είναι μιαμυκοχοξίνη που παράγεται κυρίως από χους μύκητες Aspergillus ochraceus και Pénicillium verrucosum. Η ΩΤΑ έχει νεφροτοξικη, ανοσοκαχαοταλτικη, τερατογόνο, μεχαλλαξιογόνο και καρκινογόνο δράση τόσο στα ζώα όσο και στους ανθρώπους και θεωρείται ότι αποτελεί μια από σημαντικότερες αιτίες της ενδημικής νεφροπάθειας του ανθρώπου στα Βαλκάνια. Η παρουσία της τοξίνης στα τρόφιμα ζωικής προέλευσης προέρχεται κυρίως από ζώα που έχουν προηγουμένως καταναλώσει ζωοτροφές μολυσμένες με ΩΤΑ. Τα αποτελέσματα ερευνών σε διάφορες χώρες έδειξαν ότι το χοιρινό κρέας είναι η πιο σημαντική πηγή μόλυνσης του ανθρώπου από την ΩΤΑ, σε σύγκριση με άλλα ζωικά τρόφιμα. Τα πλέον μολυσμένα με την τοξίνη ζωικά τρόφιμα βρέθηκαν να είναι τα κρεατοσκευάσματα απο αίμα και νεφρούς χοίρου. Στο αγελαδινό γάλα ανιχνεύθηκε, επίσης, η παρουσία της ΩΤΑ αλλά σε μικρά ποσοστά, επειδή στα μηρυκαστικά η χλωρίδα της μεγάλης κοιλίας τους μετατρέπει την ΩΤΑ σε ωχρατοξίνη α, η οποία θεωρείται μη τοξικός μεταβολίτης. Μέχρι σήμερα η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση δεν έχει θέσει επίσημα όρια για την παρουσία της ΩΤΑ στα τρόφιμα ζωικής προέλευσης, σε αντίθεση με την εφαρμογή ορίων για διάφορα άλλα προϊόντα φυτικής προέλευσης.

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