Εφαρμογές της υπερηχοτομογραφίας στα μηρυκαστικά (II): Γεννητικό σύστημα θηλυκού - Βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση


Δημοσιευμένα: Δεκ 15, 2017
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Υπερηχοτομογραφία γεννητικό σύστημα θηλυκού βοοειδή μικρά μηρυκαστικά
L. J. LAZARIDIS (Λ.Ι. ΛΑΖΑΡΙΔΗΣ)
C. N. BROZOS (Χ.Ν. ΜΠΡΟΖΟΣ)
E. A. KISSIS (E.A. ΚΙΟΣΗΣ)
Περίληψη

Η υπερηχοτομογραφία αποτελεί μία μη επεμβατική απεικονιστική μέθοδο εκτίμησης παθολογικών και φυσιολογικών καταστάσεων, και εφαρμόζεται με επιτυχία στο γεννητικό σύστημα των μηρυκαστικών ζώων. Η συμβολή της υπήρξε καθοριστική στη κατανόηση της λειτουργίας του γεννητικού συστήματος και κυρίως του ωοθηκικού κύκλου των μηρυκαστικών. Για την εξέταση του αναπαραγωγικού συστήματος των θηλυκών μηρυκαστικών ζώων χρησιμοποιούνται συσκευές τύπου B-mode, πραγματικού χρόνου, με κεφαλή γραμμικής διάταξης, συχνότητας 3,0,5,0 και 7,5 MHz. Στα βοοειδή η εξέταση πραγματοποιείται κατά κύριο λόγο διαμέσου του απευθυσμένου, ενώ στα μικρά μηρυκαστικά χρησιμοποιείται τόσο η συγκεκριμένη προσέγγιση, όσο και η εξέταση εξωτερικά από τα κοιλιακά τοιχώματα.

Σε ζώα που δεν κυοφορούν η υπερηχοτομογραφία συμβάλλει στην εξέταση του τραχήλου, της μήτρας και των ωοθηκών, με σκοπό την εντόπιση ανωμαλιών  ή λειτουργικών σχηματισμών (ωοΟυλάκια/ωχρά σωμάτια, κύστεις). Κατά τη διάρκεια της κυοφορίας η υπερηχοτομογραφία βρίσκει πληθώρα εφαρμογών στα μηρυκαστικά, όπως στην πρώιμη διάγνωση της κυοφορίας, τον καθορισμό του φύλου του εμβρύου, την εκτίμηση του αριθμού των εμβρύων, την εκτίμηση του σταδίου της κυοφορίας, τον έλεγχο της ζωτικότητας του εμβρύου κ.ά. Η χρήση της στην αναπαραγωγή με σκοπό την επιλογή ζώων κατάλληλων για γονιμοποίηση και τον έλεγχο της κυοφορίας συνέβαλλε ουσιαστικά στη βελτίωση των αναπαραγωγικών αποδόσεων. Γα τελευταία χρόνια η υπερηχοτομογραφία έχει αρχίσει να χρησιμοποιείται ολοένα και περισσότερο στη βιοτεχνολογία (παρακέντηση ωοθηκών, μεταφορά εμβρύων κ.ά.).

Σημαντικά πλεονεκτήματα της μεθόδου, εκτός από τη δυνατότητα δυναμικής αποτίμησης του οργάνου ή της δομής που εξετάζεται σε πραγματικό χρόνο, αποτελούν το σχετικά χαμηλό κόστος αγοράς του απαραίτητου εξοπλισμού, καθώς και η δυνατότητα μεταφοράς και χρήσης του στις εκτροφές.

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Αναφορές
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