Το γένος Campylobacter: μέθοδοι ανίχνευσης και απομόνωσης, ταυτοποίηση είδους και τεχνικές τυποποίησης

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.20337
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Campylobacter spp. τροφιμογενή παθογόνα Ελλάδα πτηνά επιπολασμός παράγοντες κινδύνου
G. NATSOS
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
N. K. MOUTTOTOU
Ministry of Rural Development and Foods, National Reference Laboratory of Salmonella and Antimicrobial Resistance, Chalkida, Greece
S. AHMAD
Poultry Production Division, Training Operation Department, Al Watania Poultry Institute of Technology, Al Bukayriyah, Saudi Arabia
Z. KAMRAN
University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
A. IOANNIDIS
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human movement and Quality of Life Science, University of Peloponnese, Sparti, Greece
K. C. KOUTOULIS
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
Περίληψη

Το Campylobacter είναι παγκοσμίως αναγνωρισμένο ως ο συχνότερος αιτιολογικός παράγοντας της βακτηριακής αιτιολογίας, διαρροϊκής τροφοδηλητηρίασης, ενώ τα πουλερικά έχουν αναγνωριστεί ως η κύρια αιτία μόλυνσης του ανθρώπου. Το C. jejuni είναι το είδος που απομονώνεται συχνότερα από δείγματα προερχόμενα από πουλερικά και συνεπώς ευθύνεται για τα περισσότερα περιστατικά ανθρώπινης καμπυλοβακτηρίωσης. Τα Campylobacter spp. είναι μικροί, θετικοί στη δοκιμή οξειδάσης, μικροαερόφιλοι, gram-αρνητικοί, κυρτοί βάκιλοι που παρουσιάζουν χαρακτηριστική ελικοειδή κίνηση και αποικούν τον εντερικό σωλήνα των περισσότερων θηλαστικών και πτηνών. Από την πρώτη περιγραφή τους στα τέλη του 19ου αιώνα από τον Theodor Escherich έως σήμερα, έχει διεξαχθεί σημαντική έρευνα που πρόσφερε πλούτο πληροφοριών σχετικά με τα μικροβιολογικά τους χαρακτηριστικά. Χάρη στη συνεχή εμφάνιση καινοτόμων τεχνολογιών, όλο και πιο προηγμένες μέθοδοι ανίχνευσης, ταυτοποίησης και γενοτύπησης γίνονται διαθέσιμες. Σκοπός αυτού του άρθρου είναι η ανασκόπηση της πρόσφατη βιβλιογραφία σχετικά με το Campylobacter εστιάζοντας κυρίως στα καλλιεργητικά του χαρακτηριστικά, τις εργαστηριακές μεθόδους που χρησιμοποιούνται για την ανίχνευση και την απομόνωσή του από κλινικά, ζωικά, περιβαλλοντικά και δείγματα τροφίμων, τις καταγεγραμμένες μεθόδους που χρησιμοποιούνται για τη ταυτοποίηση του είδους, καθώς και τα συστήματα γενοτύπησης που έχουν αναπτυχθεί για την υποτυποποίηση του Campylobacter.

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