Effects of diet consistency on mandibular growth. A review


I.A. TSOLAKIS
C. VERIKOKOS
D. PERREA
E. BITSANIS
A.I. TSOLAKIS
Resumen

This article is a review that focuses on the diet consistency and how this affects mandibular morphology. Various published studies focused on the relationship between mastication and growth of the mandible because it is considered that mandibular growth is dependent on the loads exerted by the function of the masticatory muscles. Moreover it has been pointed out that the increase of orthodontic anomalies is due to the modern softer diet. Even in rats, soft diet is one of the factors causing malocclusions. All of the studies have been experimental, mainly in rodents, since this research is impossible to be applied on humans in a short period of time. Most experimental studies suggested that occlusal loading affects bone mass, bone amount, bone density, the length and the width of the bone, the degree of mineralization, the genetic expression, the collagen immunoreaction and the chondrocytes action on the cartilage. It is stated that bone volumes and thickness of the mandible of rats fed with soft diet were smaller when compared to animals fed with hard diet. Also the mandibles and condyles were smaller and less dense in the rats of soft diet as compared to controls. Furthermore the length and the width of the condyle in the soft diet group of animals were smaller as compared to the condyle of the hard diet group of animals. Soft diets affect also the degree of mineralization, and the action of the chondrocytes on the cartilage.

Article Details
  • Sección
  • Review Articles
Descargas
Citas
Beecher R.M., Corruccini RS.(1981) Effects of dietary consistency on Craniofacial and occlusalDevelopent in the rat. The Angle Orthodontist 51:61-69.
Berger, E. H., J. Klein-Nulend,Veldhuijzen J. P..(1992).Mechanical stress and osteogenesis in vitro. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2:S397–401
Boivin G, Meunier PJ. (2002). Changes in the bone remodelling rate influence the degree of mineralization of the bone. Connective tissue research 43:535-537.
Boivin G., Farlay D., Bala Y., Doublier A., Meunier PJ, Delmas PD. (2009) Influence of remodeling on the mineralization of bone tissue. Osteoporosis International 20:1023-1226.
Bresin A, Kiliaridis S, Strid K-G. (1999). Effect of masticatory function on the internal bone structure in the mandible of the growing rat. Eur J Oral Sci; 107: 35-44.
Chen J. et al. (2009) Altered functional loading causes differential effects in the subchondral bone and condylar cartilage in the temporomandibular joint from young mice. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 17, 354e361.
Ciochon, R. L., R. A. Nisbett, and R. S. Corruccini. (1997). Dietary consistency and craniofacial development related to masticatory function in minipigs. J. Craniofacial Genet. Dev. Biol. 17:96–102.
Corruccini Rs, Lee Gtr.(1984).Occlusal variation in Chinese immigrants to United Kingdom and their offspring. Arch Oral Biol 29: 779-782.
Cullen DM, Smith RT, Akhter MP. (2001). Bone-loading response varies with strain magnitude and cycle number. Journal of applied physiology. 91: 1971-1976.
Dontas I., Tsolakis A. I., Khaldi L., Patra E., Lyriritis G.P. (2010). Malocclusion in Aging Wistar Rats. Journal of the Αmerican Αssociation for Laboratory Animal Science 49: 1-5.
Dudley-Javoroski S, Shields RK.(2008). Asymmetric bone adaptations to soleus mechanical loading after spinal cord injury.Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions. 8: 227-238.
Emshoff R, Brandlmaier I, Gerhard S, Strobl H, Bertram S, Rudisch A. (2003). Magnetic resonance imaging predictors of temporomandibular joint pain. J Am Dent Assoc 134:705e14.
Grünheid T., Langenbach GEJ, Brugman P, Vincent Everts V., Zentner A. (2011) The masticatory system under varying functional load. Part 2: effect of reduced masticatory load on the degree and distribution of mineralization in the rabbit mandible. Eur. J Orthod. 33: 365-371.
Hamrick, M. W., C. Pennington, and C. Byron. (2003).Bone remodeling and disc degeneration in the lumbar spine of mice lacking GDF8 (myostatin). J. Orthop. Res. 21:1025–1032.
Kiliaridis S,Bresin A., Holm J, Strid KG. (1996) Effects of masticatory muscle function on bone mass in the mandible of the growing rat. ActaAnat (Basel) 155: 200-205.
Kiliaridis S., Thilander B., Kjellberg H., Topouzelis N., Zafiriadis A. (1999). Effect of low masticatory function on condylar growth: A morphometric study in the rat Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop 116:121-5.
LeResche L. (1997). Epidemiology of temporomandibular disorders: implications for the investigation of etiologic factors. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med;8:291e305.
McNamara J A, Carlson D A (1979).Quantitative analysis of temporomandibular joint adaptations to protrusive function. American Journal of Orthodontics 76 : 593 – 611.
Milam SB. (2005). Pathogenesis of degenerative temporomandibular joint arthritides. Odontology93:7e15.
Nicholson, E. K., S. R. Stock, M. W. Hamrick, and M. J. Ravosa. (2006). Biomineralization and adaptive plasticity of the temporomandibular joint in myostatin knockout mice. Arch. Oral Biol. 51:37–49.
Odman A., Mavropoulos A., Kiliaridis S. (2008) Do masticatory functional changes influence the mandibular morphology in adult rats. Arch Oral Biol 53:1149-54.
Ohno S, Schmid T, Tanne Y, Kamiya T, Honda K, Ohno-Nakahara M, et al. (2006). Expression of superficial zone protein in mandibular condyle cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 14:807e13.
Papachristou D. ,Pirttiniemi P, Kantomaa T , Agnantis N. , Basdra E. K., (2006). Fos- and Jun-related transcription factors are involved in the signal transduction pathway of mechanical loading in condylar chondrocytes. Eur. J Orthod. 28:20-26.
Polur I, KamiyaY ,Xu M a, Cabri B. S. b, Alshabeeb Ma, Wadhwa S, Chen J. (2015). Oestrogen receptor beta mediates decreased occlusal loading induced inhibition of chondrocyte maturation in female mice. Arch Oral Biol 60:818-824.
Ravosa, M. J., E. B. Klopp, J. Pinchoff, S. R. Stock, and M. W. Hamrick. (2007). Plasticity of mandibular biomineralization in myostatin-deficient mice. J. Morphol. 268:275–282.
Skedros JG, Bloebaum RD, Mason MW, Bramble DM. (1994). Analysis of a tension/compression skeletal system: possible strain-specific differences in the hierarchical organization of bone. The anatomical Record 239: 396-404.
Tanaka E., Sano R., Kawai N., Langenbach CEJA ,Brugman P, Tanne K., Theo M. G. J. Van Eijden TMGJ. (2007). Effect of Food Consistency on the Degree of Mineralization in the Rat Mandible.Ann. of Biom. Eng.;35:1617–1621.
Turner CH. (1998). Three rules for bone adaptation to mechanical stimuli. Bone. 23:399-407.
Turner CH. (2000). Muscle-bone interactions revisited. Bone; 27: 339-340.
Uekita H., Takahashi S., Domon T., Yamaguchi T. (2015). Changes in collagens and chondrocytes in the temporomandibular joint cartilage in growing rats fed a liquid diet. Ann. Anat. 202: 78-87.
Watt DG, Williams CHM. (1951). The effects of the physical consistency of food on the growth and development of the mandible and the maxilla of the rat. Am J Orthod 37: 895-928.
Waugh Lm. (1937) Influence of diet on the jaws and face of the American Eskimos. J Am Dent Assoc 24: 1640±1647.
Zarb GA, Carlsson GE. (1999). Temporomandibular disorders: osteoarthritis. J Orofac Pain 13:295-306.