The influence of the homofermentative lactic acid bacteria and enzymes on the nutritional value, health safety, and aerobic deterioration of the different maize hybrid silages
Resumen
The research aimed to determine the impact of identic inoculants of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with enzymes (ENZ) on the silage quality of 5 different corn hybrids (Zea mays). Hybrids (Pioneer Hi-Bred DuPont) differed by FAO maturity group (from early H1, mid-early H2, medium H3, mid-late H4 to late H5). Inoculant LAB consisted of a mixture of homofermentative bacteria: Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus salivarius, and ENZ: cellulase, α- amylase, hemicellulase, xylanase. Ensiling was done at the laboratory conditions, where the green mass of corn hybrids has been inoculated with LAB and ENZ were added, before ensiling. The process of ensiling lasted 60 days. The addition of LAB inoculants with ENZ is frequently used to speed up the ensiling process, prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms, protect the aerobic stability of silage, and improve the silage quality of different crops. The phase of aerobic degradation of silage begins immediately after exposure to silage to air. This stage is inevitable during feeding with silage and takes place in all silages, regardless of quality.
The same pattern of reaction on identic LAB and EFEs addition was not found in silages ensiled from different hybrids. Among the evaluated corn hybrids, the additive to H1 early maturity hybrid had significantly improved the silage quality, and prolonged the time of aerobic stability, mainly due to the significantly highest CP, lowest ADL, and highest LA content. The chemical composition, fermentation, and microbiology profiles of silage significantly influence CO2 production in a test of aerobic stability (AS), and this is a causal relationship of aerobic stability duration. The results of this trial showed that the lower butyric acid, total microorganisms number, count of yeasts and mold, pH, and higher LAB, lactic acid, and acetic acid levels (P<0.05), are accompanied by the production of lower CO2 (P<0.05). The current research and previous studies suggest that nutritional value, health safety, and aerobic deterioration of the different maize hybrid silages are under the influence of epiphytic microflora of ensiled plants, used LAB inoculum, and EFEs addition in the appropriate amount, and the type of hybrid ensiled as well.
Article Details
- Cómo citar
-
Ivetić, A., Stojanović, B., Puvača, N., Radulović, S., Ćosić, M., Bajagić, M., & Petrujkić, B. (2024). The influence of the homofermentative lactic acid bacteria and enzymes on the nutritional value, health safety, and aerobic deterioration of the different maize hybrid silages. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 75(3), 7871–7886. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.35678
- Número
- Vol. 75 Núm. 3 (2024)
- Sección
- Research Articles
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Citas
Adesogan, A.T.; Ma, Z.X.; Romero. J.J.; Arriola. K.G. RUMINANT NU
TRITION SYMPOSIUM: Improving cell wall digestion and animal
performance with fibrolytic enzymes. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 92. 1317
Alonso, V.A.; Pereyra. C.M.; Keller. L.A.M.; Calcero. A.M.; Rosa.
C.A.R.; Chiacchiera. S.M.; Cavaglieri, L.R. Fungi and mycotoxins in
silage: an overview. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2013. 115. 637-643.
AOAC, 2023. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. 1st revision. Associ
ation of Analytical Communities. Gaithersburg. MD. USA.
Ashbell G., Weinberg Z. G, Azrieli A., Hen Y.. Horev B.. 1991. A simple
system to study the aerobic deterioration of silage. Can.Agric.Eng.
391-394.
Borreani,G.. Tabacco.E.. Schmidt. R. J.. Holmes. B. J.. and Muck. R. E.
(2018). Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses
in silages. Journal of Dairy Science 101. 3952-3979.
CaiYimin, Benno Y., Ogawa M..Kumai S.,1999. Effect of Applying Lactic
Acid Bacteria Isolated from Forage Crops on Fermentation Charac
teristics and Aerobic Deterioration of Silage. Journal of Diary Sci
ence. 82:52-526
Campioni,T.S.,de Azevedo Carvalho.A.F.. de Figueiredo.F.C.. da Sil
va.D.F..& de Oliva Neto. P. 2020. Xylanases and cellulases biosyn
thesis by selected fungi in a simple and economic bio system using
sugarcane straw. International Journal of Environmental Agricultural
and Biotechnology. 5(1):217-230. doi:10.22161/ijeab.51.3
Chauhan, N., Kumari. N., Mishra. D.B. et al. Dynamic Changes in Micro
bial Succession and Fermentation Profiles of Sugarcane Tops Silage
Treated With Exogenous Enzymes and Lactic Acid Bacteria Follow
ing Various Duration of Ensiling. Sugar Tech 25. 592-602 (2023).
Cheng Q, Li M., Fan X., Chen Y., Sun H.,Xie Y., Zheng Y., Chen C.,
Li P. , 2022. Effects of epiphytic and exogenous lactic acid bacte
ria on fermentation quality and microbial community compositions
of paper mulberry silage. Front Microbiol. 2022 Aug 25;13:973500.
doi:
3389/fmicb.2022.973500. PMID: 36090070; PMCID:
PMC9453674.
CherneyD.J. ,R.. Cherney.,J. H. Cox. W. J., 2004. Fermentation character
istics of corn forage ensiled in mini-silos. Journal of Dairy Science
124238-4246.
Cherney, D. J. ,R.. J. H. Cherney, and W. J. Cox. 2007. Forage quali
ty differences of corn hybrids as influenced by ensiling. Forage and
Grazinglands. 10.1094/FG-2007-0918-01-RS
Cysneiros, Cristine & Ferreira, Reginaldo & Oliveira. Michelly &Fa
voretto. Adriano & Arnhold. Emmanuel & Ulhoa. Cirano. (2013).
Production. characterization and evaluation of fibrolytic enzymes on
digestibility of forage maize. Ciência Animal Brasileira. 14. 426-435.
Danner, H., M. Holzer, E. Mayrhuber. and R. Braun (2003): Acetic acid
increases stability of silage under aerobic conditions. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 69:562-567
Der Bedrosian, M.C.; Nestor.K.E.. Jr.; Kung.L.. Jr. The effects of hybrid.
maturity. and length of storage on the composition and nutritive value
of corn silage. J. Dairy Sci. 2012. 95. 5115-5126.
Driehuis F., J.M. Wilkinson. Y. Jiang. I. Ogunade. A.T. Adesogan.2018.
Silage review: Animal and human health risks from silage. Journal
of Dairy Science.Volume 101. Issue 5.2018.Pages 4093-4110.ISSN
ElferinkOude, S.J.W.H.; Janneke Krooneman. H.; Gottschal. J.C.; Spoels
tra. S.F.; Faber. F.; Driehuis. F. Anaerobic Conversion of Lactic Acid
to Acetic Acid and 1.2-Propanediol by Lactobacillus buchneri. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 2001. 67. 125-132
Elferink Oude, Stefanie &Driehuis. Frank & Gottschal, Jan & Spoels
tra.S.F.. (1999). Paper 2.0: Silage fermentation processes and their
manipulation. Proceedings of the FAO Electronic Conference on
Tropical Silage. 1 September to 15 December 1999. FAO plant pro
duction and protection paper 161
Elghandour, M.M.Y., Vazquez Ch.J.C.. Salem.A.Z.M..Kholif.A.E.. Mar
tinez.C.J.S.. Camacho.L.M..& Cerrillo-Soto. M.A. 2014. Effects of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae at direct addition or pre-incubation on in
vitro gas production kinetics and degradability of four fibrous feeds.
Italian Journal of Animal Science. 13:295-301
Ergin,S. andGumus. H. 2020. Silagequality.fermentationdynamicsand
chemicalcompositionofalfalfasilagepreparedwithsaltandlacticacid
bacteriainoculants. AnimalNutritionandFeedTechnology. 20: 367-380
Fabiszewska AU, Zielińska KJ.Wróbel B. Trends in designing microbial
silage quality by biotechnological methods using lactic acid bacteria
inoculants: a minireview. World J MicrobiolBiotechnol. 2019 May
;35(5):76. doi: 10.1007/s11274-019-2649-2. PMID: 31054017; PM
CID: PMC6499736.
Gandra J.R., A. T. Nunesc. E. R. Oliveirab. M. S. J. Silvab. C.A. P. . F. S.
Machadob2 .G.K..Silvab R. E. R. S. Gandrad. P.V. C. Mendesd. A.G.
S. Pausea. 2021. Effect of amylolytic and cellulolytic enzymes on
whole plant corn silage: characteristics of silage and animal digestion.
Research Square.
Higginbotham, G.E.; Mueller. S.C.; Collar. C.A.; Shultz. T.A.; Brazle.
F.K.; Bush. L.J. Effects of an Enzyme Addition on Corn Silage Fer
mentation. Prof. Anim. Sci. 1994. 10. 163-168
Huyen Nguyen Thi, . Ines Martinez. Wilbert Pellikaan. 2020. “Using Lac
tic Acid Bacteria as Silage Inoculants or Direct-Fed Microbials to Im
prove In Vitro Degradability and Reduce Methane Emissions in Dairy
Cows” Agronomy 10. no. 10: 1482.
Ivetić Aleksandra, 2017. Uticaj mikrobioloških inokulanata na hranljivu
vrednost i aerobnu stabilnost silaže kukuruza i senaže lucerke. Dok
torska disertacija. Poljoprivredni fakultet - Univerzitet u Beogradu.
The influence ofmicrobiologicalinoculants on thenutritionalvaluean
daerobicstabilityofcornsilageandalfalfahaylage. Doctoraldissertation.
FacultyofAgriculture - UniversityofBelgrade.
Juracek, Miroslav & Biro. Daniel &Šimko. Milan & Gálik. Branislav
&Rolinec. Michal &Dorszewski.Piotr&Gajdošík. Peter &Majlat.
Marian. (2013). Nutritive value and fermentation characteristics of
maize silages from different hybrids. Acta fytotechnica et zootech
nica. 16.
Kammes. K. L., and Allen. M. S. (2012). Rates of particle size reduction
and passage are faster for legume compared with cool-season grass.
resulting in lower rumen fill and less effective fiber. J Dairy Sci 95.
-97.
KhanalPrabhat, 2009. Changesandlosses in silageduringaerobicexposure.
The Robert H. SmithFacultyofAgriculture.FoodandEnvironment.
TheHebrewUniversityofJerusalem.
Kleinschmit D.H., Kung L., 2006.. A meta-analysis of the effects of Lacto
bacillus buchneri on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn and
grass and small-grain silages. Journal of Diary Science.89:4005-4013.
Kleinschmit, D.H.; Schmidt. R.J.; Kung.L.. Jr. The effects of various an
tifungal additives on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn
silage. J. Dairy Sci. 2005. 88. 2130-2139.
Kobayashi, H., Cai.Y..Uegaki.R.. Shimizu.M.. Nakajima.M.. Kanaya.C..
et al. (2010). Microorganism composition of high moisture italian
ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum lam.) and its fermentation characteris
tics of silage inoculated with lactic acid bacteria. JPN J. Grassl. Sci.
39-46. doi: 10.14941/grass.56.39
Kung,Limin&Shaver. R., 2001. Interpretationanduseofsilagefermenta
tionanalysisreports. Focus on Forage. Vol.3. No13. 20-28.
Kung L Jr., Shaver RD. Grant RJ.Schmidt RJ. Silagereview: Interpre
tationofchemical.microbial.andorganolepticcomponentsofsilages.
J Dairy Sci. 2018 May;101(5):4020-4033. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017
PMID: 29685275.
LiYing, H.; Borjigin. N.; Yu. Z. Effect of inoculants and fibrolytic en
zymes on the fermentation characteristics. in vitro digestibility and
aflatoxins accumulation of whole-crop corn silage. Grassl. Sci. 2017.
69-78
Liu, C., Lai. Y..Lu. X..Guo. P. andLuo. H. 2016. Effectoflacticacidbacteri
ainoculants on alfalfa (Medicagosativa L.) silagequality: assessmen
tofdegradation (in situ) and gas production (in vitro). JournalofInte
grativeAgriculture. 15: 2834-2841.
Liu. Q.H.,Dong. Z.H. andShao. T. ,2018. Effectofadditives on fattyacid profile ofhighmoisturealfalfasilageduringensilingandafterexposure to
air. AnimalFeedScienceandTechnology. 236:29-38
Lynch, J.P.; Baah. J.; Beauchemin. K.A. Conservation. fiber digestibility.
and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled
with fibrolytic enzymes. either alone or with a ferulic acid ester
ase-producing inoculant. J. Dairy Sci. 2015. 98. 1214-1224.
Martínez, José & López. Delfina & Serrato. Rodolfo &A.Z.M.. Salem.&
Robles Jimenez. Lizbeth & Ronquillo. Manuel. (2020). Effect of xy
lanase. cellulase and natural maguey extract on the chemical compo
sition of corn silage and in vitro rumen gas production. International
Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 47. 23-34. 10.7764/
ijanr.v47i1.2128.
Muck R.E., Filya I., Contreras- Govea F.E., 2007. Inoculant Effects on Al
falfa Silage: In Vitro Gas and Volatile Fatty Acid Production. Journal
of Dairy Science. 90:5115-5125.
Muck. R. E.; Nadeau. E. M. G.; Mcallister. T. A.; Contreras-Govea. F. E.;
Santos. M. C.; and Kung Jr. L.,2018. Silage review: Recent advances
and future uses of silage aditives. Journal of Dairy Science. 101(5).
-4000.
Muck, R.E. Silage microbiology and its control through additives. Rev.
Bras. Zootec. 2010. 39. 183-191
Okoye C. O., Wang Y., Gao L., Wu Y.. Xia Li, Sun J., Jiang J., 2023. The
performance of lactic acid bacteria in silage production: A review of
modern biotechnology for silage improvement. Microbiological Re
search. Volume 266. 127212. ISSN 0944-5013
Nair, J.,Huaxin, N., Andrada, E., Yang, H. E.,Chevaux, E., Drouin. P.,
McAllister, T. A., and Wang. Y, 2020. Effects of inoculation of corn
silage with Lactobacillus hilgardii and Lactobacillus buchneri on si
lage quality. aerobic stability. nutrient digestibility. and growth per
formance of growing beef cattle. J Anim Sci 98.
Pahlow, G., Muck. R. E.,Driehuis.F..Elferink. S. J. O..& Spoelstra. S. F.
(2003). Microbiology of ensiling. Silage science and technology. 42.
-93.
Paradhipta, D.H.V.; Lee. S.S.; Kang. B.; Joo. Y.H.; Lee. H.J.; Lee. Y.;
Kim. J.; Kim. S.C. 2020. Dual-Purpose Inoculants and Their Effects
on Corn Silage. Microorganisms 2020. 8.
Proceedings. 146-152.
Ranjit N.K, Kung L..2000. The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri. Lactoba
cillus plantarum. or a chemical preservative on the fermentation and
aerobic stability of corn silage. Journal of Diary Science.83:526-535
Salvo, Pedro. Viviane Gritti, Érica da Silva, Elisabet Nadeau,João Daniel,
Maria Spindola. and Luiz Nussio,2022. “Exogenous Fibrolytic En
zymes and Length of Storage Affect the Nutritive Value and Fermen
tation Profile of Maize Silage” Agriculture 12. no. 9: 1358.
Sanderson, M.A. Aerobic stability and in vitro fiber digestibility of micro
bially inoculated corn and sorghum silages. J. Anim. Sci. 1993
Schnürer Johan, Jesper Magnusson,2005. Antifungal lactic acid bacteria
as biopreservatives. Trends in Food Science & Technology. Volume
Issues 1-3.Pages 70-78.ISSN 0924-2244.
Settimi,C.C.S.. Nassar.F.R.. Ayres.O.M.. Oliveira.F.A.. Arnhold.E.. and
Ulhoa. C.J. 2013. Production. characterization and evaluation of fi
brolytic enzymes on digestibility of forage maize. Ciencia Animal
Brasileira. 14(4):426-435
Sheperd. A.C.; Kung. L. Effects of an Enzyme Additive on Composition
of Corn Silage Ensiled at Various Stages of Maturity. J. Dairy Sci.
79. 1767-1773
Spoelstra. S.F.; Van Wikselaar. P.G.; Harder. B., 1992. The effects of ensil
ing whole crop maize with a multi-enzyme preparation on the chem
ical composition of the resulting silages. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1992.
223-228.
Tabacco E., Piano S., Cavallarin L, Bernandes T.F., Borreani G., 2009.
Clostridia spore formation during aerobic deterioration of maize and
sorghium silages as influenced by Lactobacillus buchneri and Lac
tobacillus plantarum inoculants. Journal of Applied Microbiology
:1632-1641
Tylutki, T.P., Fox. D.G.,Durbal.V.M.. Tedeschi.L.O.. Russell J.B.. Van
Amburgh.M.E.. Overton.T.R.. Chase. L.E., Pell. A.N., 2008. Cornell
Net Carbohydrate and Protein System: A model for precision feeding
of dairy cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 143: 174-Kung
L..StokesM.R..Lin C.J..2003. Silage additives. Silage science and
Technology. D.R. Buxton.R.E.Muckand Harrison J.H.,ed.Am.Soc.
Agron.,CropSci.Soc.Am.,SoilSci.Soc. Am.,Madison.WI. p.305-360.
WangX, Cao X, Liu H, Guo L, Lin Y, Liu X, Xiong Y, Ni K, Yang F,
Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Microbial Metabolic Func
tions of Paper Mulberry Silage: A BIOLOG ECO Microplates Ap
proach. Front Microbiol. 2021 Jun 25;12:689174. doi: 10.3389/
fmicb.2021.689174. PMID: 34248912; PMCID: PMC8267872.
Weinberg Z.G, Hen Y.., Solomon R., 2009. The quality of commercial
wheat silages in Israel. Journal of Dairy Science. 92:638-644.
WeinbergZ.G.,Szakacs G.,Ashbell G., Hen Y., 2001. The effects of tem
perature on the ensiling process of corn and wheat. Journal for Ap
plied Microbiology.90.561-566
Weinberg, Z.G.,Khanal. P.,Yildiz. C.,Chen. Y. andArieli. A. ,2011.Ensil
ingfermentationproductsandaerobicstabilityofcornandsorghumsilag
es. GrasslandScience. 57: 46-50.
Weinberg, Z.G.; Chen.Y.. 2013. Effects of storage period on the composi
tion of whole crop wheat and corn silages. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol..
196-200
Wilkinson, J.M. and Davies. D.R. (2013). The aerobic stability of silage:
key findings and recent developments. Grass Forage Sci. 68: 1-19.
Wilkinson, J.M.; Davies. D.R. The aerobic stability of silage: Key find
ings and recent developments. Grass Forage Sci. 2012. 68. 1-19.
Woolford M.K., 1984. The Silage Fermentation.Microbiological Series.
Marcel Dekker.Inc..New York and Basel.
Woolford, M. K., H. Honig. J. S. Fenlon, 1977. Untersuchungenue
ber aerobe Umsetzungen in Silage mitHilfeeinerLabortechnik. Das
wirtschaftseigene Futter 23:10-22.
Woolford, M.K.,1990. The detrimental effects of air on silage. Journal of
Applied Bacteriology. 68.101-116.
Zahiroddini H., J. Baah. W, Absalom. T.A, McAllister,2004. Effect of an
inoculant and hydrolytic enzymes on fermentation and nutritive value
of whole crop barley silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology.
Volume 117. Issues 3-4. 2004. Pages 317-330. ISSN 0377-8401.
Zhang, T,. Li. L..Wang.Xf. et al. 2009, EffectsofLactobacillusbuchneri
andLactobacillusplantarum on fermentation.aerobicstability.bacteria
diversityandruminaldegradabilityofalfalfasilage. World J Microbiol
Biotechnol 25. 965-971
