Molecular Investigation and Genotyping of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in Horses in Mus Province, Turkey

PDF (English)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.25932
B. OGUZ
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Van YuzuncuYil University, Van, Turkey
N. ÖZDAL
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Van YuzuncuYil University, Van, Turkey
M.S. DEGER
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Van YuzuncuYil University, Van, Turkey
K. BICEK
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Van YuzuncuYil University, Van, Turkey
Résumé

Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi of the phylum Apicomplexa. In this study, 102 blood samples were randomly collected from the horses in Mus province of Turkey. PCR analysis, gene sequences, and phylogenetic analyses were carried out for detecting the presence and genotypic characteristics of species that cause piroplasmosis. Four (3.9%) of the 102 horses that were examined were found to be positive for T. equi, while B. caballi was not detected. Theileria equi isolates that were detected in the sequence analyses were found to be 100% identical to the isolates that were isolated from the horses in Turkey, the United States, and South Africa as well. In the phylogenetic analysis, all of the isolates were found to cluster with T. equi sequences in the genotype A. This study, in which we revealed intraspecies sequence heterogeneity of the parasite using the 18S rRNA gene region, provides important epidemiological data for equine piroplasmosis. However, we think that determining the characterization of genotypes that are common in different parts of our country is extremely important in terms of developing new diagnostic tools and vaccines.

Article Details
  • Rubrique
  • Research Articles
Creative Commons License

Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Téléchargements
Les données relatives au téléchargement ne sont pas encore disponibles.
Références
Akkoyun Z, Oğuz B (2019) Seroprevalance of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses of Mus province, Turkey. AJVS 60: 22-29.
Alhassan A, Pumidonming W, Okamura M, Hirata H, Battsetseg B,Fujisaki K, Yokoyama N, Igarashi I (2005) Development of a single-round and multiplex PCR method for the simultaneous detection of Babesia caballi and Babesiaequi in horse blood. VetParasitol 129 (1-2): 43-49.
Altay K, Aktas M (2013) Babesiosis. In “Parasitic Diseases in Veterinary Medicine”, MA Ozcel, editors. Volume 1, İzmir. Turkey Parasitology Association 24: 165-178.
Battsetseg B, Lucero S, Xuan X, Claveria FG, Inoue N Alhassan A, Kanno T, Igarashi I, Nagasawa H, Mikami T, Fujisaki K (2002) Detection of natural infection of Boophilusmicroplus with Babesiaequi and Babesia caballi in Brazilian horses using nested polymerase chain reaction. VetParasitol107: 351-357.
Bhoora R, Franssen L, Oosthuizen MC, Guthrie AJ, Zweygarth E Penzhorn BL, Jongejan F, Collins NE (2009) Sequence heterogeneity in the 18S rRNA gene within Theileria equi and Babesia caballi from horses in South Africa. Vet Parasitol159 (2): 112-120.
Braga MDSCO, Costa FN, Gomes DRM, Xavier DR, André MR Gonçalves LR, Freschi CR, Machado RZ (2017) Genetic diversity of piroplasmids species in equids from island of São Luís, northeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Vet Parasitol 26(3): 331-339.
Brüning A (1996) Equine piroplasmosis an update on diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Br Vet J152(2): 139-151.
Cacciò S, Cammà C, Onuma M, Severini C (2000) The β-tubulin gene of Babesia and Theileria parasites is an informative marker for species discrimination. Int J Parasitol30: 1181-1185.
Guçlu Z, Karaer Z (2007) Detection of Babesia caballi (Nuttall, 1910) and Theileria equi (Syn. Babesiaequi , Laveran, 1901) by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Show and Sport Horses in the Region of Ankara. TurkiyeParazitolDerg 31: 89-93.
Guven E, Avcioglu H, Deniz A, Balkaya İ, Abay U, Yavuz S, Akyuz M (2017) Prevalence and molecular characterization of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in jereed horses in Erzurum, Turkey. ActaParasitol62 (1): 207-213.
Hall CM, Busch JD, Scoles GA, Palma-Cagle KA, Ueti MW Kappmeyer LS, Wagner DM (2013) Genetic characterization of Theileria equi infecting horses in North America: evidence for a limited source of U.S. introductions. ParasitVectors 6: 35.
Hall T (1999)BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis suite. Nucleic Acids SympSer41: 95-98.
Inci A, Duzlu O, Ica A (2010) Babesiidae, In: Veterinary Protozoology, Dumanlı N, Karaer Z, editors Medisan, Ankara, 185-206.
Inci A (1997) Detection of Babesia caballi (Nuttall, 1901) and Babesiaequi (Laveran, 1901) in horses by microscopic examination in military farm in Gemlik. Turk J Vet AnimSci 21: 43-46.
Kappmeyer LS, Thiagarajan M, Herndon DR, Ramsay JD, Caler E, Djikeng A, Gillespie JJ, Lau A O, Roalson EH, Silva JC, Silva MG, Suarez CE, Ueti MW, Nene VM, Mealey RH, Knowles DP, Brayton KA (2012) Comparative genomic analysis and phylogenetic position of Theileria equi. BMC Genomics 13: 603.
Ketter-Ratzon D, Tirosh-Levy S, Nachum-Biala Y, Saar T, Qura’n L Zivotofsky D, Abdeen Z, Baneth G, Steinman A (2017) Characterization of Theileria equi genotypes in horses in Israel, the Palestinian Authority and Jordan. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 8(4): 499-505.
Kizilaslan F, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, Inci A, Onder Z, Ciloglu A (2015) Molecular detection and characterization of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses (Equusferuscaballus) in Turkey. J Equine Vet Sci 35: 830-835.
Kouam MK, Kantzoura V, Masuoka PM, Gajadhar AA, Theodoropoulos G (2010) Genetic diversity of equine piroplasms in Greece with a note on speciation within Theileria genotypes (T. equi and T. equilike). Infect Genet Evol10(7): 963-968.
Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K (2016) MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets. MolBiolEvol33 (7): 1870-1874.
Liu Q, Meli ML, Zhang Y, Meili T, Stirn M,Riond B, Weibel B, Hofmann-Lehmann R (2016) Sequence heterogeneity in the 18S rRNA gene in Theileria equi from horses presented in Switzerland. VetParasitol221: 24-29.
Manna G, Cersini A, Nardini R, Del Pino LEB, Antognetti V,Zini M, Conti R, Lorenzetti R, Veneziano V, Autorino GL, Scicluna MT (2018) Genetic diversity of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infecting horses of Central-Southern Italy and preliminary results of its correlation with clinical and serological status. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 9:1212-1220.
Mehlhorn H, Schein E (1998) Redescription of Babesiaequi Laveran, 1901 as Theileria equiMehlhorn, Schein 1998. J Parasitol Res 84:467-470.
Nagore D, Garcia-Sanmartin J, Garcia-Perez AL, Juste RA, Hurtado A (2004) Detection and identification of equine Theileria and Babesia species by reverse line blotting: epidemiological survey and phylogenetic analysis. Vet Parasitol 123(1-2): 41-54.
Ozubek S, Aktas M (2018) Genetic diversity and prevalence of piroplasm species in equids from Turkey. Comp ImmunolMicrobiol Infect Dis 59: 47-51.
Peckle M, Pires MS, Silva CB, Costa RL, Vitari GLV,Senra MVX, Dias RJP, Santos HA, Massard CL (2018) Molecular characterization of Theileria equi in horses from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 9(2): 349-353.
Qablan MA, Obornik M, PetrželkovÁ KJ, Sloboda M, Shudiefat MF,Hořín P, Lukeš J, Modrý D (2013)Infections by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in Jordanian equids: epidemiology and genetic diversity. Parasitology 140: 1096-1103.
Rothschild CM (2013) Equine piroplasmosis. J Equine Vet Sci 33: 497-508.
Sant C, Allicock OM, d’Abadie R, Charles RA, Georges K (2019) Phylogenetic analysis of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi sequences from thoroughbred mares and foals in Trinidad. J Parasitol Res 118(4):1171-1177.
Seo MG, Yun SH, Choi SK, Cho GJ, Park YS,Cho KH, Kwon OD, Kwak D (2013) Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of equine piroplasms in the Republic of Korea. Res Vet Sci 94(3): 579-583.
Taylor MA, Coop RL, Wall RL (2007) Veterinary parasitology. 3. West Sussex: Blackwell Publishing.
Veronesi F, Morganti G, Ravagnan S, Laus F, Spaterna A,Diaferia M, Moretti A, Fioretti DP, Capelli G (2014) Molecular and serological detection of tick-borne pathogens in donkeys (Equusasinus) in Italy.Vet Microbiol 173: 348-354.
Vieira TSWJ, Qurollo BA, Mongruel ACB, Baggio RA, Vidotto O,Breitschwerdt EB, Vieira RFC (2018) Potentially same novel Ehrlichia species in horses in Nicaragua and Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 24(5):953.
Wang J, Liu J, Yang J, Wang X, Li Z, Jianlin X, Li X, Xiang Q, Li Y, Liu Z, Luo J, Guan G, Yin H (2019) The first molecular detection and genetic diversity of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in horses of Gansu province, China. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 10(3): 528-532.