Plant extracts and essential oils in rabbit diet: A practical green-way for sustainable and resilient production systems


G Pugliese
C Losacco
V Laudadio
M Schiavitto
V Tufarelli
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0089-4393
Abstract

Rabbits, integral to global agriculture, play a significant role in meat production in many developed and developing countries. As the demand for sustainable and natural farming practices rises, the utilization of plant extracts and essential oils in rabbit nutrition has garnered attention. Both plant extracts and essential oils offer multifaceted benefits in rabbit nutrition, positively impacting growth, digestion, and immune health. This comprehensive review consolidates the current understanding of the effects of plant extracts and essential oils on rabbit health and digestion, drawing from recent scientific literature. Emphasis is also placed on growth performance, nutrient utilization, immune response, and overall well-being. The outcomes underscore the practical significance of natural feed additives, paving the way for sustainable and resilient rabbit production systems.

Article Details
  • Sezione
  • Research Articles
Downloads
I dati di download non sono ancora disponibili.
Biografia autore
V Tufarelli, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, Valenzano 70010, Bari, Italy

DETO

Riferimenti bibliografici
Abad-Guamán, R., Carabaño, R., Gómez-Conde, M. S., & García, J.
(2015). Effect of type of fiber, site of fermentation, and method of
analysis on digestibility of soluble and insoluble fiber in rabbits. Jour
nal of Animal Science, 93(6), 2860-2871.
Abdella, M., Abd Elaal, M., & Khalifah, A. (2020). Productive and phys
iological performance of growing rabbits as affected by peppermint
oil and vitex agnnus extract during summer season. Egyptian Journal
of Rabbit Science, 30(1), 23-41.
Abdelnour, S. A., El-Ratel, I. T., Peris, S. I., El-Raghi, A. A., & Fouda, S.
F. (2022). Effects of dietary thyme essential oil on blood haematobio
chemical, redox status, immunological and reproductive variables of
rabbit does exposed to high environmental temperature. Italian Jour
nal of Animal Science, 21(1), 51-61.
Abdelsalam, M., & Fathi, M. (2023). Improving productivity in rabbits by
using some natural feed additives under hot environmental conditions - A review. Animal Bioscience, 36(4), 540.
Abdel-Wareth, A. A., Taha, E. M., Südekum, K. H., & Lohakare, J. (2018).
Thyme oil inclusion levels in a rabbit ration: Evaluation of productive
performance, carcass criteria and meat quality under hot environmen
tal conditions. Animal Nutrition, 4(4), 410-416.
Abou-Kassem, D. E., Mahrose, K. M., El-Samahy, R. A., Shafi, M. E.,
El-Saadony, M. T., Abd El-Hack, M. E., ... & Ashour, E. A. (2021).
Influences of dietary herbal blend and feed restriction on growth,
carcass characteristics and gut microbiota of growing rabbits. Italian
Journal of Animal Science, 20(1), 896-910.
Akhtar, M. S., Sajid, S. M., Akhtar, M. S., Ahmad, M. (2008). Hypogly
caemic effect of Berberis aristata roots, aqueous and methanolic ex
tracts in normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Pharmacologyonline 2,
-856.
Alagawany, M., Ashour, E. A., & Reda, F. M. (2016). 14. Effect of Dietary
Supplementation of garlic (Allium sativum) and Turmeric (Curcuma
longa) on growth performance, carcass traits, blood profile and ox
idative status in growing rabbits. Annals of Animal Science, 16(2),
-505.
Alsaadi, S. A. R. A., Al-Perkhdri, A. S. A., & Al-Hadeedy, I. Y. H. (2020).
Effects of Matricaria chamomilla flower aqueous extract on some he
matological, biochemical parameters and carcass traits in Iraqi local
rabbits. Plant Archives, 20, 1044-1049.
Arafa, N.M.S., Salem, S.M.A., Farid, O.A.H.A. 2010. Influence of echi
nacea extract pre- or postnatal supplementation on immune and ox
idative status of growing rabbits. Italian Journal of Animal Science,
, 338-343
Bakheet, A. E. S., Abdel-Azeem, F., Fayed, M. A., & Thabet, H. A. (2023).
Supplemental essential oils in growing rabbit diets. Egyptian Journal
of Nutrition and Feeds 26: 167-178.
Botsoglou, N. A., Florou-Paneri, P., Christaki, E., Giannenas, I., & Spais,
A. B. (2004). Performance of rabbits and oxidative stability of muscle
tissues as affected by dietary supplementation with oregano essential
oil. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 58(3), 209-218.
Cardinali, R., Cullere, M., Dal Bosco, A., Mugnai, C., Ruggeri, S., Matti
oli, S., et al. (2015). Oregano, rosemary and vitamin E dietary supple
mentation in growing rabbits: Effect on growth performance, carcass
traits, bone development and meat chemical composition. Livestock
Science, 175, 83-89.
Celia, C., Cullere, M., Gerencsér, Z., Matics, Z., Giaccone, V., Kovács,
M., et al. (2016). Dietary supplementation of Digestarom® herbal
formulation: effect on apparent digestibility, faecal and caecal micro
bial counts and live performance of growing rabbits. World Rabbit
Science, 24(2), 95-105.
Chopra, B., & Dhingra, A. K. (2021). Natural products: A lead for drug
discovery and development. Phytotherapy Research, 35(9), 4660
Dal Bosco, A., Gerencsér, Z., Szendrő, Z., Mugnai, C., Cullere, M.,
Kovàcs, M., et al. (2014). Effect of dietary supplementation of Spir
ulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) on rabbit
meat appearance, oxidative stability and fatty acid profile during re
tail display. Meat Science, 96(1), 114-119.
Dalle Zotte, A., Celia, C., & Szendrő, Z. (2016). Herbs and spices inclu
sion as feedstuff or additive in growing rabbit diets and as additive in
rabbit meat: A review. Livestock Science, 189, 82-90.
Dalle Zotte, A., Cullere, M., Tasoniero, G., Gerencsér, Z., Szendrő, Z.,
Novelli, E., Matics, Z. 2018. Supplementing growing rabbit diets
with chestnut hydrolyzable tannins: Effect on meat quality and ox
idative status, nutrient digestibilities, and content of tannin metabo
lites. Meat Science, 146, 101-108.
Elghalid, O. A., Kholif, A. E., El-Ashry, G. M., Matloup, O. H., Olafade
han, O. A., El-Raffa, A. M., & Abd El-Hady, A. M. (2020). Oral sup
plementation of the diet of growing rabbits with a newly developed
mixture of herbal plants and spices enriched with special extracts and
essential oils affects their productive performance and immune sta
tus. Livestock Science, 238, 104082.
Elghalid, O. A., Kholif, A. E., El-Ashry, G. M., Matloup, O. H., Olafade
han, O. A., El-Raffa, A. M., & Abd El-Hady, A. M. (2020). Oral sup
plementation of the diet of growing rabbits with a newly developed
mixture of herbal plants and spices enriched with special extracts and
essential oils affects their productive performance and immune sta
tus. Livestock Science, 238, 104082.
El-Gindy, Y. M., Zahran, S. M., Ahmed, M. A. R., Salem, A. Z., & Mis
bah, T. R. (2021). Influence of dietary supplementation of clove and
rosemary essential oils or their combination on growth performance,
immunity status, and blood antioxidant of growing rabbits. Tropical
Animal Health and Production, 53, 1-11.
Elwan, H. A., Dawood, D. H., Abd El-Aziz El-Shafei, S. M., Abd El-Mo
hsen Abd El-Rahman, A., Abdel-Latif, S. A., Mohany, M., et al.
(2019). The potential role of citrus limon powder as a natural feed
supplement to boost the productive performance, antioxidant status,
and blood biochemistry of growing rabbits. Animals, 9(7), 426.
Elwan, H. A., Dawood, D. H., Abd El-Aziz El-Shafei, S. M., Abd El-Mo
hsen Abd El-Rahman, A., Abdel-Latif, S. A., Mohany, M., et al.
(2019). The potential role of citrus limon powder as a natural feed
supplement to boost the productive performance, antioxidant status,
and blood biochemistry of growing rabbits. Animals, 9(7), 426.
Falcão-e-Cunha, L., Castro-Solla, L., Maertens, L., Marounek, M., Pin
heiro, V., Freire, J., & Mourão, J. L. (2007). Alternatives to antibi
otic growth promoters in rabbit feeding: a review. World Rabbit Sci
ence, 15(3).
Farag, V.M.; El-Shafei, R.A.; Elkenany, R.M.; Ali, H.S.; Eladl, A.H. 2022.
Antimicrobial, Immunological and Biochemical Effects of Florfeni
col and Garlic (Allium sativum) on Rabbits Infected with Escherichia
coli Serotype O55: H7. Veterinary Research Communications, 46,
-376
Fathi, M., Abdelsalam, M., Al-Homidan, I., Ebeid, T., Shehab-El-Deen,
M., Abd El-Razik, M., ... & Mostafa, M. (2019). Supplemental effects
of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) leaves on growth perfor
mance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemistry and immune re
sponse of growing rabbits. Annals of Animal Science, 19(3), 779-791.
Gidenne, T., Bellier, R., & Van Eys, J. (1998). Effect of the dietary fibre
origin on the digestion and on the caecal fermentation pattern of the
growing rabbit. Animal Science, 66(2), 509-517.
Gordon, S. (2016). Phagocytosis: an immunobiologic process. Immuni
ty, 44(3), 463-475.
Hashemi, S. R., & Davoodi, H. (2011). Herbal plants and their derivatives
as growth and health promoters in animal nutrition. Veterinary Re
search Communications, 35, 169-180.
He, J., Su, X., Guo, S., Shi, H., Guo, C., Li, J., et al. (2023). Effects of
compound essential oil and oregano oil on production performance,
immunity and antioxidant capacity of meat rabbits. Italian Journal of
Animal Science, 22(1), 934-941.
Imanshahidi, M., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2008). Pharmacological and ther
apeutic effects of Berberis vulgaris and its active constituent, berber
ine. Phytotherapy Research, 22(8), 999-1012.
Imbabi, T., Sabeq, I., Osman, A., Mahmoud, K., Amer, S. A., Hassan, A.
M., ... & Easa, A. A. (2021). Impact of fennel essential oil as an anti
biotic alternative in rabbit diet on antioxidant enzymes levels, growth
performance, and meat quality. Antioxidants, 10(11), 1797.
Jäger, W., & Höferl, M. (2020). Metabolism of terpenoids in animal mod
els and humans. Handbook of Essential Oils, 275-301.
Khan, R. U., Naz, S., Nikousefat, Z., Tufarelli, V., & Laudadio, V. (2012).
Thymus vulgaris: alternative to antibiotics in poultry feed. World’s
Poultry Science Journal, 68(3), 401-408.
Koné, A. P., Desjardins, Y., Gosselin, A., Cinq-Mars, D., Guay, F., & Sauc
ier, L. (2019). Plant extracts and essential oil product as feed additives
to control rabbit meat microbial quality. Meat science, 150, 111-121.
Kostadinović, L.; Lević, J. 2018. Effects of Phytoadditives in Poultry and
Pigs Diseases. Journal of Agronomy, Technology and Engineering
Management, 1, 1-7
Laudadio, V., Ceci, E., Lastella, N. M., & Tufarelli, V. (2015). Dietary
high-polyphenols extra-virgin olive oil is effective in reducing cho
lesterol content in eggs. Lipids in Health and Disease, 14, 1-7.
Li, C., Niu, J., Liu, Y., Li, F., & Liu, L. (2021). The effects of oregano
essential oil on production performance and intestinal barrier function
in growing Hyla rabbits. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 20(1),
-2173.
Losacco, C., Tinelli, A., Dambrosio, A., Quaglia, N. C., Passantino, L.,
Schiavitto, M., Tufarelli, V. (2024). Effect of rearing system (free
range vs. cage) on gut and muscle histomorphology and microbial
loads of Italian White breed rabbits. Animal Bioscience, 37(1), 151
Mancini, S., Minieri, S., Buccioni, A., Marzoni Fecia di Cossato, M.,
Russo, C., Paci, G. (2019a). The influence of dietary chestnut and
quebracho tannins mix on rabbit meat quality. Animal Science Jour
nal, 90(5), 680-689.
Mancini, S., Moruzzo, R., Minieri, S., Turchi, B., Cerri, D., Gatta, D.,
et al. (2019b). Dietary supplementation of quebracho and chestnut
tannins mix in rabbit: effects on live performances, digestibility, car
case traits, antioxidant status, faecal microbial load and economic
value. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 18: 621-629
Marić, M.; Stajčić, I.; Prodanović, R.; Nikolova, N.; Lika, E.; Puvača,
N. (2021). Chili Pepper and Its Influence on Productive Results and
Health Parameters of Broiler Chickens. Journal of Agronomy, Tech
nology and Engineering Management, 4, 540-546.
Mariezcurrena-Berasain, M. D., Mariezcurrena-Berasain, M. A., Pin
zón-Martínez, D. L., Arzate-Serrano, H. D., Ugbogu, E. A., & Salem,
A. Z. (2020). Influence of dietary supplementation of garlic (Allium
sativum L.) extract on cecal productions of total gas, carbon dioxide
and fermentation profiles in rabbits. Agroforestry Systems, 94, 1591
Menchetti, L., Brecchia, G., Branciari, R., Barbato, O., Fioretti, B., Co
dini, M., et al. (2020). The effect of Goji berries (Lycium barbarum)
dietary supplementation on rabbit meat quality. Meat Science, 161,
Mohammadi Gheisar, M., & Kim, I. H. (2018). Phytobiotics in poultry and
swine nutrition-a review. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 17(1),
-99.
Nantapo, C. W. T., & Marume, U. (2022). Exploring the potential of My
rothamnus flabellifolius Welw. (resurrection tree) as a phytogenic
feed additive in animal nutrition. Animals, 12(15), 1973.
Nastić, N.; Gavarić, A.; Vladić, J.; Vidović, S.; Aćimović, M.; Puvača, N.;
Brkić, I. (2020). Spruce (Picea abies (L.). H. Karst): Different Ap
proaches for Extraction of Valuable Chemical Compounds. Journal
of Agronomy, Technology and Engineering Management, 3, 437-447.
Oladimeji, A. M., Johnson, T. G., Metwally, K., Farghly, M., & Mahrose,
K. M. (2022). Environmental heat stress in rabbits: Implications and
ameliorations. International Journal of Biometeorology, 66:1-11.
Özel, O. T., Çakmak, E., Gürkan, S. E., Coskun, İ., & Türe, M. (2022).
Evaluation of oregano essential oil supplementation on growth per
formance, digestive enzymes, intestinal histomorphology and gut
microbiota of Black Sea salmon. Annals of Animal Science, 22(2),
-772.
Palangi, V., & Lackner, M. (2022). Management of enteric methane emis
sions in ruminants using feed additives: a review. Animals, 12(24),
Patra, A. K., Amasheh, S., & Aschenbach, J. R. (2019). Modulation of
gastrointestinal barrier and nutrient transport function in farm animals
by natural plant bioactive compounds-a comprehensive review. Criti
cal Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59(20), 3237-3266.
Petracci, M., Soglia, F., Baldi, G., Balzani, L., Mudalal, S., & Cavani, C.
(2018). Estimation of real rabbit meat consumption in Italy. World
Rabbit Science, 26(1), 91-96.
Placha, I., Chrastinova, L., Laukova, A., Cobanova, K., Takacova, J.,
Strompfova, V., et al. (2013). Effect of thyme oil on small intestine in
tegrity and antioxidant status, phagocytic activity and gastrointestinal
microbiota in rabbits. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 61(2), 197-208.
Placha, I., Pogány Simonová, M., & Lauková, A. (2022). Natural feed
additives and novel approaches for healthy rabbit breeding. Ani
mals, 12(16), 2111.
Prusinowska, R., & Śmigielski, K. B. (2014). Composition, biological
properties and therapeutic effects of lavender L). A review. Herba
Polonica, 60(2), 56-66.
Puvača, N., Tufarelli, V., & Giannenas, I. (2022). Essential oils in broiler
chicken production, immunity and meat quality: Review of Thymus
vulgaris, Origanum vulgare, and Rosmarinus officinalis. Agricul
ture, 12(6), 874.
Rossi, B., Toschi, A., Piva, A., & Grilli, E. (2020). Single components of
botanicals and nature-identical compounds as a non-antibiotic strat
egy to ameliorate health status and improve performance in poultry
and pigs. Nutrition Research Reviews, 33(2), 218-234.
Salem, A. A., Taha, D. A., Nasr, A. A., El-Sagheer, M., Daghash, W., &
Taghian, R. A. (2023). Effect of vitamin E, D-limonene, and their
combination on nulliparous rabbit reproductive performance. Animal
Reproduction Science, 107378.
Seidavi, A., Tavakoli, M., Slozhenkina, M., Gorlov, I., Hashem, N. M.,
Asroosh, F., ... & Swelum, A. A. (2021). The use of some plant-de
rived products as effective alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters
in organic poultry production: A review. Environmental Science and
Pollution Research, 28, 47856-47868.
Sioutas, G., Evangelou, K., Vlachavas, A., & Papadopoulos, E. (2021).
Deaths due to mixed infections with Passalurus ambiguus, Eimeria
spp. and Cyniclomyces guttulatus in an industrial rabbit farm in
Greece. Pathogens, 10(6), 756.
Sobhani, M., Farzaei, M. H., Kiani, S., & Khodarahmi, R. (2021). Immu
nomodulatory; anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effects of polyphenols:
A comparative review on the parental compounds and their metabo
lites. Food Reviews International, 37(8), 759-811.
Sorour, S. S., Abou Asa, S., Elhawary, N. M., Ghazy, E. W., Abd El Latif,
A., El-Abasy, M. A., & Khalifa, H. O. (2018). Anticoccidial and
hepatoprotective effects of artemisinin liquid extract, cinnamon es
sential oil and clove essential oil against Eimeria stiedae infection in
rabbits. Trop. Biomed, 35, 926-943.
Szabóová, R., Lauková, A., Chrastinová, Ľ., Strompfová, V., Pogány Si
monová, M., et al. (2013). Benefficial effect of plant extracts in rabbit
husbandry. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 81(3), 245-250.
Szendrő, K., Szabó-Szentgróti, E., & Szigeti, O. (2020). Consumers’ at
titude to consumption of rabbit meat in eight countries depending on
the production method and its purchase form. Foods, 9(5), 654.
Tufarelli, V., Casalino, E., D’Alessandro, A. G., Laudadio, V. (2017). Die
tary phenolic compounds: biochemistry, metabolism and significance
in animal and human health. Current Drug Metabolism, 18(10), 905
Tufarelli, V., Laudadio, V., & Casalino, E. (2016). An extra-virgin olive oil
rich in polyphenolic compounds has antioxidant effects in meat-type
broiler chickens. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23,
-6204.
Tufarelli, V., Tateo, A., Schiavitto, M., Mazzei, D., Calzaretti, G., & Lau
dadio, V. (2022). Evaluating productive performance, meat quality
and oxidation products of Italian White breed rabbits under free
range and cage rearing system. Animal Bioscience, 35(6), 884-891.
Wallace, R. J., Oleszek, W., Franz, C., Hahn, I., Baser, K. H. C., Mathe,
A., & Teichmann, K. (2010). Dietary plant bioactives for poultry
health and productivity. British Poultry Science, 51(4), 461-487.
Zhai, H., Liu, H., Wang, S., Wu, J., & Kluenter, A. M. (2018). Potential of
essential oils for poultry and pigs. Animal Nutrition, 4(2), 179-186
Puoi leggere altri articoli dello stesso autore/i