Love components, duration and sexual intercourse in dating relationships


Published: Oct 15, 2020
Keywords:
Love Triangular Theory of Love relationship length sexual intercourse dating relationship intimacy commitment passion
Παναγιώτης Κορδούτης
Ζωή Μάνεση
Abstract

Love consists of three components, intimacy, passion and decision/commitment (Triangular Theory of Love, Sternberg, 1986); the relative contribution of each to a love relationship is related to its outcomes. Such outcomes are the length or duration of the relationship and the frequency of sexual intercourse or sex in it. We first examined the construct validity and reliability of the components measure, that is of the Greek version of Sternberg’s Triangular Love Scale (STLS); subsequently, we tested if the components were associated in a predictable manner with relationship length and frequency of sexual intercourse in the relationship, thus checking the external validity of the STLS. Participants were 177 male and female University students in dating relationships. They responded to the STLS, and indicated the length of their relationship and the frequency of sexual intercourse in it. Factor Analysis revealed that the STLS had a strong and compatible with theory structure, comprising three factors of high reliability. Consistent with expectation, regression analyses indicated that stronger decision/commitment predicted longer relationships and less frequent sexual intercourse, whereas stronger passion predicted shorter relationship length and more frequent intercourse. Contrary to expectation, intimacy predicted neither relationship length nor frequency of sex. Conclusively, STLS has construct validity and reliability with the Greek population of young people, but its external validity is limited to the components of decision/commitment and passion. Passion consumes fast the duration of dating relationships, as it is manifested through the frequency of sexual intercourse; on the other hand, decision/commitment contributes to the longevity of relationships, while paying the price of reduced frequency in sexual intercourse.

Article Details
  • Section
  • RESEARCH PAPERS
Downloads
References
Acevedo, B.P., & Aron, A. (2009). Does a long-term
relationship kill romantic love. Review of General
Psychology, 13(1), 59-65.
Ahmetoglou, G., Swami, V., Chomorro-Premuzic, T.
(2010). Relatioship between dimensions of love,
personality and relationship length. Archives of
Sexual Behavior, 39 (5), 1181-90.
Acker, Μ., & Davis, M.H. (1992). Intimacy, passion
and commitment in adult romantic relationships:
A test of the Triangle Theory of Love. Journal of
Social and Personal Relationships, 9, 21-50.
Aron, Α., & Westbay, L. (1996). Dimensions of the
prototype of love. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 70, 535-551.
Barron, A. Martinez-Inigo, D., de Paul, P., & Yela, C.
(1999). Romantic beliefs and myths in Spain. The
Spanish Journal of Psychology, 2, 64-73
Baumeister, R. (2001). Gender difference in erotic
plasticity: The female sex drive as socially flexible
and responsive. In R.F. Baumeister (Ed.), Social
Psychology and human sexuality (pp. 95-134).
Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
Ben-Ze’ev, A., Goussinsky, R. (2008). In the name of
love, romantic ideology and its victims. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Berscheid, E. (1985). Interpersonal attraction. In G.
Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of Social
Psychology (pp. 413-484). New York: Random
House.
Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1978). Interpersonal
attraction. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Berscheid, Ε., & Hatfield [Walster], E. (1974). A little
bit about love. In T.L. Huston (Ed.), Foundations
of interpersonal attraction (pp. 355-381). New
York: Academic Press.
Berscheid, E. & Regan, P. (2005). The psychology of
interpersonal relationships. Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Birnbaum, C.E., Cohen, O., & Wertheimer, V. (2007).
Is it all about intimacy? Age, menopausal status
and women’s sexuality. Personal Relationships,
, 167-185.
Byers, E.S., Demmons, S., & Lawrence, K. (1998).
Sexual satisfaction within dating relationships. A
test of the interpersonal exchange model of
sexual satisfaction. Journal of Social and Personal
Relationships, 15, 257-267.
Byers, Ε.S., & Wang, A. (2004). Understanding
sexuality in close relationships from a social
relationships perspective. In J.H. Harvey, A.
Wenzel & S. Sprecher (Eds.), The handbook of
sexuality in close relationships (pp. 203-234).
London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Call, V., Sprecher, S., & Schwartz, P. (1995). Marital
sexual intercourse frequency in a national
sample. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57,
-652.
Cassep-Borges, V., & Teodoro, M.L. (2007).
Propriedades psicometricas da versao Brasileira
de Escala Triangular do Amor de Sternberg [Ψυ-
χομετρικές ιδιότητες της Βραζιλιάνικης εκδοχής
του Ερωτηματολογίου του Τριγωνικού Έρωτα
του Στέρνμπεργκ]. Psicologia: Reflexao e Critica,
, 513-522.
Chojnacki, J.T., & Walsh, W.B. (1990). Reliability and
concurrent validity of the Triangle Love Scale.
Psychological Reports, 67, 219-224.
Παναγιώτης Κορδούτης και Ζωή Μάνεση
Coleman, S. (1977). A developmental stage hypo -
thesis for nonmarital dyadic relationships. Journal
of Marriage and the Family, 3, 71-76.
Critelli, J.W., Myers, E.J., & Loos, V.E. (1986). The
components of love: Romantic attraction and sex
role orientation. Journal of Personality, 54, 354-
Crosby, J. (1985). Illusion and disillusion: the self in
love and marriage. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Dindia, Κ. (2000). Relational maintenance. In C.
Hendrick & S.S. Hendrick (Eds.), Close
relationships, a sourcebook (pp. 287-299).
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Doherty, R.W., Hatfield, E., Thompson, K., & Choo, P.
(1994). Brief Report: Cultural and Ethnic
Influences on Love and Attachment. Personal
Relationships, 1, 391-398.
Engel, G., Olson, K.R., & Patrick, C. (2002). The
personality of love: Fundamental motives and
traits related to components of love. Personality
and Individual Differences, 32, 839-853.
Falconi, Α., & Mullet, E.C. (2003). Cognitive algebra of
love through the adult life. International Journal of
Age and Human Development, 57, 275-290.
Fehr, B. (2006). A prototype approach to studying
love. In R.J. Sternberg & K. Weis (Eds.), The new
psychology of love (pp. 225-246). New Haven:
Yale University Press.
Fisher, H. (2006). The drive to love: The neural
mechanism for mate selection. In R.J. Sternberg
& K. Weis (Eds.), The new psychology of love (pp.
-115). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Fletcher, G.J. (2002). The new science of intimate
relationships. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Fletcher, G.J., Simpson, J.A., & Thomas, G. (2000).
Ideas, perceptions and evaluations in early
relationship development. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 79, 933-940.
Foa, E.Z., & Foa, U.G. (1980). Resource theory:
Interpersonal behavior as exchange. In K.
Gergen, M. Greenberg & R. Willis (Eds.), Social
exchange: Advances in theory and research (pp.
-132). New York: Plenum.
Garcia, C.Y. (1998). Temporal course of the basic
components of love throughout relationships.
Psychology in Spain, 2(1), 76-86.
Gao, G. (2001). Intimacy, passion and commitment in
Chinese and US American romantic relationships.
International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 25,
-342.
Gouveia, V.V., Da Fonseca, P.N., Cavalcanti, J.P., Da
Costa, P.K., & Doria, L.C. (2009). Versao
abreviada da Escala Triagular de Amor:
Evidencias de validade fatorial e conscistencia
interna [Σύντομη Εκδοχή του Ερωτηματολογίου
του Τριγωνικού Έρωτα: Τεκμηρίωση της παρα-
γοντικής εγκυρότητας και εσωτερικής συνέπει-
ας]. Estudos de Psicologia, 14, 31-39.
Graham, J.M., & Christiansοn, K. (2009). The reliability
of romantic love: a reliability genera lization metaanalysis.
Personal Relationships, 16, 49-66.
Guerrero, L.K. (1996). Attachment style differences in
intimacy and involvement. A test of the four
category model. Communication Monographs,
, 269-292.
Hatfield, E., & Sprecher, S. (1986). Measuring
passionate love in intimate relationships. Journal
of Adolescence, 9, 383-410.
Hatfield, E., & Rapson, R.L. (1990). Passionate love in
intimate relationships. In B.S. Moore & A. Isen
(Eds.), Affect and social behavior (pp. 126-152).
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Hatfield, E., & Rapson, R.L. (2002). Passionate love
and sexual desire: Cultural and historical
perspectives. In A. Vangelisti, H.T. Reis, & M.A.
Fitzpatrick (Eds.), Stability and change in
relationships (pp. 128-149). Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press.
Hatfield, E., Pillemer, J.T., O’Brien, M.U., & Le, Y.C.
(2008). The endurance of love: Passionate and
companionate love in newlywed and long term
marriages. Interpersona, 2, 35-64.
Hatfield, Ε. (1988). Passionate and companionate
love. In R.J. Sternberg & M. Barnes (Eds.), The
psychology of love (pp. 191-217). New Haven,
CT: Yale University Press.
Hatfield, Ε., & Rapson, R.L. (1987). Passionate
love/sexual desire: Can the same paradigm
explain both? The Archives of Sexual Behavior,
, 259-278.
Hatfield, Ε., & Sprecher, S. (1986). Measuring
passionate love in intimate relationships. Journal
of Adolescence, 9, 383-384.
Hatfield, Ε., Schmitz, E., Cornelus, J., & Rapson, R.L.
(1988). Passionate love: How early does it begin?
Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 1,
-51.
Hatfield, Η., & Rapson, R.L. (1993). Love, sex and
intimacy: Their psychology, biology and history.
New York: HarperCollins.
Συστατικά του έρωτα, διάρκεια, σεξουαλικές συνευρέσεις 121
Hendrick, C., & Henrdrick, S.S. (1986). A theory and
method of love. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 50, 392-402.
Hendrick, S. & Hendrick, C. (1998). Love and
satisfaction. In R.J. Sternberg & M. Hojjat (Eds.),
Satisfaction in close relationships (pp. 56-78).
New York: Guilford.
Hendrick, S. (1981). Self disclosure and marital
satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 40, 1150-1159.
Hendrick, S., & Hendrick, C. (2000). Romantic love. In
C. Hendrick & S.S. Hendrick (Eds.), Close
relationships: a sourcebook (pp. 203-215).
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Johnson, M.P., Caughlin, J.P., & Huston, T.L. (1999).
The tripartite nature of marital commitment:
Personal, moral and structural reasons to stay
married. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61,
-177.
Κορδούτης, Π. (2010). Ποιότητα στις ανεπίσημες
ερωτικές σχέσεις των νέων και προφύλαξη κα-
τά τις σεξουαλικές επαφές τους. Επιστημονική
Επετηρίδα της Ψυχολογικής Εταιρείας Βορείου
Ελλάδος, 8, 221-263.
Kito, M. (2005). Self-disclosure in romantic
relationships and friendships among American
and Japanese college students. Journal of Social
Psychology, 145, 127-140.
Larson, J.H. (1988). The Marriage Quiz: College
students’ beliefs in selected myths about
marriage. Family Relations, 37, 3-11.
Lawes, R. (1999). Marriage: An analysis of discourse.
British Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 1-20.
Lee, J.A. (1988). Love-styles. In R. J. Sternberg & M.
L. Barnes (Eds.), The psychology of love (pp. 38-
. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Leibowitz, M.R. (1983). The chemistry of love. New
York: Berkeley Books.
Lemieux, R., & Halle, J.L. (1999). Intimacy, passion
and commitment in young romantic relationships.
Successfully measuring the Triangle Theory of
Love. Psychological Reports, 85, 941-948.
Lemieux, R., & Halle, J.L. (2000). Intimacy, passion
and commitment among married individuals:
further testing of the Triangle Theory of Love.
Psychological Reports, 87, 941-948.
Lemieux, R. & Halle, J.L. (2002). Cross-sectional
analysis of intimacy, passion, and commitment:
Testing the assumptions of the triangular theory
of love. Psychological Reports, 90, 1009-1014.
Leridon, Η., Van Zessen, G., & Hubert, M. (1998). The
Europeans and their sexual partners. In M.
Hubert, N. Bajos, & T. Sandfort (Eds.), Sexual
behaviour and HIV/AIDS in Europe (pp. 165-195).
London: UCL Press.
Levine, R., Sato, S., Hashimoto, T., & Verma, J. (1995).
Love and marriage in eleven cultures. Journal of
Cross Cultural Psychology, 26, 554-571.
Lin, Y.H., & Rusbult, C.E. (1995). Commitment to
dating relationships and cross-friend friendships
in America and China: The impact of centrality of
relationship, normative support, and investment
model variables. Journal of Social and Personal
Relationships, 12, 7-26.
Mitchell, S.A. (2002). Can love last? The fate of
romance over time. New York: Norton.
Moss, Β.F., & Schwebel, A.I. (1993). Defining intimacy
in romantic relationships. Family Relations, 42,
-37.
Overbeek, G., Ha, T., Scholte, R., De Kemp, R., &
Engels, R.C. (2007). Brief report: Intimacy,
passion and commitment in romantic relation -
ships, validation of a triangular love scale for ado -
lescents. Journal of Adolescence, 30, 523-528.
Panayiotou, G. (2005). Love, commitment and
response to conflict among Cypriot dating
couples: two models one relationship. Interna -
tional Journal of Psychology, 40, 108-117.
Prager, K.J. (2000). Intimacy in personal
relationships. In C. Hendrick & S.S. Hendrick
(Eds.), Close relationships: a sourcebook (pp.
-242). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Παυλόπουλος, Β. (2006). «Έρως ανίκατε μάχαν»;
Μία εμπειρική έρευνα για τους μύθους του γά-
μου. Στο Π. Κορδούτης και Β. Παυλόπουλος, Πε-
δία Έρευνας στην Κοινωνική Ψυχολογία, πολιτι-
σμός, μετανάστευση, οργανισμοί, υγεία-πρόλη-
ψη, στενές διαπροσωπικές σχέσεις (σσ. 312-
. Αθήνα: Ατραπός.
Rao, K.V., & De Maris, A. (1995). Coital frequency
among married and cohabiting couples in the
United States. Journal of Biosocial Science, 27,
-150.
Reeder, H.M. (1996). The subjective experience of
love through adult life. International Journal of
Aging and Human Development, 43, 325-340.
Reis, H.T. (1990). The role of intimacy in interpersonal
relationships. Journal of Social and Clinical
Psychology, 9, 15-30.
Reis, Η.Τ., & Shaver, P. (1988). Intimacy as an
Παναγιώτης Κορδούτης και Ζωή Μάνεση
interpersonal process. In S. Duck (Ed.), Hand -
book of personal relationships (pp. 367-389).
Chichester, England: Wiley.
Rubin, Ζ. (1970). Measurement of romantic love.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16,
-273.
Rusbult, C. (1980). Commitment and satisfaction in
romantic associations: A test of the investment
model. Journal of Experimental Social Psycho -
logy, 16, 172-186.
Rusbult, C.E. (1983). A longitudinal test of the
investment model: The development (and
deterioration) of satisfaction and commitment in
heterosexual involvements. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 45, 101-117.
Rusbult, C., & Van Lange, P. (2003). Interde -
pendence, interaction and relationships. Annual
Review of Psychology, 54, 351-375.
Safilios-Rothchild, C. (1977). Love, sex and sex roles.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Sprecher, S. (2002). Sexual satisfaction in premarital
relationships: associations with satisfaction, love,
commitment, and stability. Journal of Sex
Research, 39(3), 190-196.
Sprecher, S., & Cate, R. (2004). Sexual satisfaction
and sexual expression as predictors of
relationship satisfaction and stability. In J. Harvey,
A. Wenzel & S. Sprecher (Eds.), handbook of
sexuality in close relationships (pp. 235-256).
Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Sprecher, S., & Regan, P. (2000). Sexuality in a
relational context. In C. Hendrick & S. Hendrick
(Eds.), Close relationships: A sourcebook (pp.
-227). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Sprecher, S., & Regan, S. (1998). Passionate and
companionate love in courting and young
married couples. Sociological Inquiry, 68, 163-
Sprecher, S., & Schwartz, P. (1994). Equity and
balance in the exchange of contributions in close
relationships. In M.J. Lerner & G Mikula (Eds.),
Entitlement and the affectional bond, justice in
close relationships. New York: Plenum.
Sprecher, S., Aron, A., Hatfield, E., Cortese, A.,
Potapova, E., & Levitskaya, A. (1994). Love:
American style, Russian style, and Japanese
style. Personal Relationships, 1, 349-369.
Stafford, L. (2005). Maintaining long-distance and
cross-residential relationships. Mahwah, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Stafford, L., & Merolla, A. J. (2007). Idealization,
reunions, and stability in long-distance dating
relationships. Journal of Social and Personal
Relationships, 24, 37-54.
Sternberg, R.J. (1986). A triangular theory of love.
Psychological Review, 93, 119-135.
Sternberg, R.J. (1988a). The triangle of love. New
York: Basic Books.
Sternberg, R.J. (1988b). Triangulating love. In R.J.
Sternberg & M.L. Barnes (Eds.), The psychology
of love (pp. 119-138). New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press.
Sternberg, R.J. (1997). Construct validation of a
triangular love scale. European Journal of Social
Psychology, 27, 313-335.
Sternberg, R.J. (1998). Sternberg’s Triangular Love
Scale (adapted) from the triangle of love. New
York: Basic Books.
Sternberg, R.J. (2006). A duplex theory of love. In R.J.
Sternberg & K. Weis (Eds.), The new psychology
of love (pp. 184-199). New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press.
Sternberg, R.J., & Grajek, S. (1984). The nature of
love. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 55, 345-456.
Tenov, D. (1979). Love and limerence. The experience
of being in love. New York: Stein and Day.
Traupmann, J., & Hatfield, E. (1981). Love and its
effects on mental and physical health. In R. Fogel,
E. Hatfield, S. Kiesler & E. Shanas (Eds.), Aging
Stability and change in the family (pp. 253-274).
New York: Academic Press.
Tzeng, Ο.C. (1993). Measurement of love and intimate
relations: Theories, scales and applications for
love development, maintenance, and dissolution.
Westport, CT: Praeger.
Vohs, K.D., & Baumeister, R.F. (2004). Sexual
Passion, Intimacy and Gender. In D.J. Mashek &
A. Aron (Eds.), Handbook of closeness and
intimacy (pp. 189-201). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence
Erlbaum.
Walster, Ε.Η., & Walster, G.W. (1981). A new look at
love. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Wang, Alvin, Y., & Nguyen, Ha T. (1995). Passionate
love and anxiety: a cross-generational study.
Journal of Social Psychology, 135(12), 459.
Wieselquist, J., Rusbult, C.E., Foster, C.A., & Agnew,
C.R. (1999). Commitment, pro-relational beha -
viors, and trust in close relationships. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 942-966.
Most read articles by the same author(s)