The therapeutic relationship in systemic therapy
Published:
Jun 7, 2021
Keywords:
therapeutic relationship systemic psychotherapy relational processes systemic thought-theoretical developments power imbalance in the therapeutic relationship
Abstract
Τhis study aimed to examine the evolution of the therapeutic relationship in systemic therapy through the theoretical developments of systemic thinking over the last few decades. In the first part, a historical overview of the de-personalized therapeutic relationship according to First Order Cybernetics perspective (from ‘50s to ‘70s) is presented, that proceeds to the therapeutic relationship with emotional disclosure in the 80s (Second Order Cybernetics) and the Constructivist position that allowed an engagement in an ongoing relational process in therapy. Further, it traces the modifications of the therapeutic relationship through the post-modern developments; Social Constructionism, Reflexivity and Narrative therapy that allow therapist’s essential emotional involvement during co-construction of the meaning in psychotherapy, presents in brief the "revolutionary" view of the theorist of the Open Dialogue (Seikkula, 2011), the Attachment Theory meta-model and the importance of secure attachment in therapeutic relationship. Throughout this review the issue of power imbalance in the therapeutic relationship is discussed, as this underlies the ideological debate of client’s resistance towards the therapist’s positions. In the second part, methodological approaches and psychometric tools regarding research for the documentation of the importance of the therapeutic relationship in systemic therapy are reviewed and research findings are presented concerning the prevailing factors in the therapeutic relationship from the client’s point of view. Finally, issues for further training and enhanced competence of the therapist in order to response effectively to current social-cultural needs are highlighted.
Article Details
- How to Cite
-
Papastylianou, A. (Dona). (2021). The therapeutic relationship in systemic therapy. Psychology: The Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society, 26(2), 86–109. https://doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.26874
- Section
- SPECIAL SECTION
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The journal PSYCHOLOGY adopts a Platinum open-access policy. Submission, processing or publication costs are waived by the Hellenic Psychological Society. Papers published in the journal PSYCHOLOGY are licensed under a 'Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International' licence. The authors reserve the copyright of their work and grant the journal the right of its first publication. Third-party licensees are allowed to use the published paper immediately after publication as they wish, provided they retain the defined by the license copyright formalities, regarding the reference to its author(s) and its initial publication in the journal PSYCHOLOGY. Moreover, any adjusted work should be shared under the same reuse rights, so with the same CC license.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Erlbaum.
American Psychological Association (1992). Ethical Principles of psychologists and code of conduct. Author.
Αmerican Counseling Association (1995). Code of Ethics and standards of practice. Author
Αnderson, H. (2002). (μτφρ. Φ. Τριανταφύλλου). Διάλογος, Γλώσσα, και Πιθανότητες προς μια Μεταμοντέρνα Θεραπεία ή Σύνδεση, Συνεργασία και Κατασκευή. Μεταλόγος-Συστημικές Προσεγγίσεις & Ψυχοθεραπεία, 1, 15-23.
Anderson, H. & Goolishian, H. (1988/2004). Τα Ανθρώπινα Συστήματα ως Γλωσσικά Συστήματα-Προσωρινές και Χρήζουσες Περαιτέρω ανάπτυξης Ιδέες επάνω σε Συμπεράσματα για την Κλινική Θεωρία. Μεταλόγος-Συστημικές Προσεγγίσεις & Ψυχοθεραπεία, 6, 75-110.
Andersen, T. (1987). The Reflecting Team: Dialogues and Dialogues in clinical work. Family Process, 26, 415-428. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1987.00415.x
Andersen, T. (1991). The Reflecting Team: Dialogues and Dialogues about the Dialogues. W.W. Norton & Co.
Andreasen, N. C. (2001). Brave new brain. Oxford University Press.
Androutsopoulou, A., Bafiti, T., & Kalarritis, G. (2014). The enriched systemic perspective SANE- System Attachment Narrative Encephalon: Selected training guidelines for clinical practice. Human Systems. The Journal of Therapy, Consultation and Training, 25, 2, 161 - 176.
Arredondo, P. & Toporek, R. (2004). Multicultural Counseling Competencies = Ethical Practice. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 26 (1), 44-55
Avdi, E., & Georgaca, E. (2007b). Discourse analysis and psychotherapy: A critical review. European Journal of Psychotherapy: 9(2), 157-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642530701363445
Balestra, F. (2017). Analysing the relational components of systemic family Therapy through the lenses of self positions and therapeutic alliance: an explanatory study. Journal of Family
Barth, J., Munder, T., Gerger, H., Nüesch, E., Trelle, S., Znoj, H., Jüni, P., Cuijpers, P. (2013). Comparative Efficacy of Seven Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Patients with Depression: A Network Meta-Analysis. PLoS Med. 2013;10(5):e1001454.
Bateson, G. ( 1973). Steps to an Ecology of Mind. Hertfordshire.
Bateson, G. (1979). Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity. New York.
Bertrando, P. (2005). Ιnvesticating the Therapist’s position. A critical reappraisal of Gianfranco Cecchin’s writings. Human Systems: The Journal of Systemic Consultation & Management. 16, 45-58.
Bertrando, P. & Arcelloni, T. (2014). Emotions in the Practice of Systemic Τherapy. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1051
Bertrando, P. & Arcelloni, T. (2006). Hypotheses are dialogues: Sharing hypotheses with clients. Journal of Family Therapy, 28(4), 370 – 387.
Bertrando, P. (2007). The Dialogical Therapist. Karnac.
Bertrando, P. (2015). Emotions and the Therapist: A Systemic-Dialogical Approach. Karnac.
Bianciardi, M. & Bertrando, P. (2009). Ethical therapy: a proposal for the post modern era. Human Systems: the Journal of Therapy, Consultation & Training, 20, 87 -101.
Boscolo, L. & Bertrado, P. (1996/2008). Ατομική Συστημική Θεραπεία. Μαίστρος.
Boscolo, L., Cecchin, G., Hoffman, L., & Penn, P. (2007). Η συστημική οικογενειακή θεραπεία του Μιλάνου. University Studio Press.
Breunlin, D.C. & Schwartz, R.C. (1986). Sequences: toward a common denominator in family therapy. Family Process, 25 (1) 67-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1986.00067.x
Burck, C. (2005). Comparing qualitative research methodologies for systemic research:the use of grounded theory, discourse analysis and narrative analysis. Journal of Family Therapy, 27 (3), 237-262. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-6427.2005.00314.x
Burck, C. & Daniel, G. (1995). Gender and Family Therapy. Karnac Books.
Burlingame, G., Fuhriman, A., & Johnson, J. (2001). Cohesion in group psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training. 38(4), 373-379. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.373
Burlingame, G. M., Fuhriman, A. & Johnson, J. E. (2002). Cohesion in group psychotherapy. In Norcross, J. C. (ed). Psychotherapy Relationships that Work: Therapist Contributions and Responsiveness to Patients (pp. 71-88). Oxford University Press.
Bowlby, J. (1978). Attachment theory and its therapeutic implications. Adolescent Psychiatry, 6, 5-33
Borcsa, M. & Stratton, P. (2016). (Eds.) Origins and Originality in Family Therapy and Systemic Practise. (pp. 67-80). (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39061-1
Bordin, E. S. (1979).The generelazibility of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, & Practice, 16, 252-260. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085885
Campbell, D., & Draper, R. (eds.) (1985). Applications of Systemic Family Therapy: Ihe Milan Method. Grune and Stratton.
Cecchin, G. (1987). Hypothesizing, circularity, and neutrality revisited: An invitation to curiosity. Family Process, 26 (4), 405-413. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1987.00405.x
Cecchin, G. (1992). Constructing therapeutic possibilities. In, S.M. McNamee & K. Gergen (Eds.), Therapy as Social Construction (pp. 86-95). Sage.
Cecchin, G., Lane, G., Ray W. A. (1992a). Irreverence. A strategy for Therapist’s survival. Karnac Books.
Cecchin, G., Lane, G., Ray W. A. (1992b). Τhe Cybenetics of prejudices in the practice of psychotherapy. Karnac.
Corey, G., Corey, M. S. & Callanan, P. (2003). (6th Edition). Issues & Ethics in the Helping Professions. BROOKS/COLE.
Cuijpers, P., Reijnders, M., & Huibers, M. J. H. (2019) The Role of Common Factors in Psychotherapy Outcomes. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 15 (1), 207-231.
Dallos, R. (2006). Attachment Narrative Therapy. Open University Press.
Davis, S., & Hsieh, A. (2019). What Does it Mean to be a Common Factor Informed Family Therapist? Family Process. 58 (3): 629-640. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12477
Donovan, M. (2007). Ethics and reflecting processes: A systemic perspective. Journal of Social Work Practice, 21 (2), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650530701371952
Duncan, B. & Moynihan, D. (1994). Applying outcome research: Intentional utilization of the client's frame of reference. Psychotherapy Theory Research & Practice 31(2), 294-301 https://doi.org/10.1037/h0090215
Edwards, D., & Potter, J. (1992). Discursive Psychology. Sage.
Elkaim, M. (1986). A systemic approach approach to couple therapy: Family Process 25, 35-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1986.00035.x
Escudero,V. (2016). Guest editorial: the therapeutic alliance from a systemic perspective. Journal of Family Therapy, 38, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.12110
Escudero,V., Boogmans, E., Loots, G. & Friedlander, M. L. (2012). Alliance rupture and repair in conjoint family therapy: an explanatory study. Psychotherapy, 49, 26-37. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026747
Fishbane, M. D. (2007). Wired to connect: Neuroscience, relationships, and therapy. Family Process, 46,395–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2007.00219.x
Friedlander, M. L., Escudero V., Heatherington L., & Diamond G. M. (2011) Alliance in couple and family therapy. Psychotherapy (Chic). 48(1): 25-33. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022060
Flaskas, C., & Perlesz, A. (1996a). Introduction: the return of the therapeutic relationship in systemic therapy. In, C. Flaskas and A. Perlesz (eds.).The therapeutic relationship in systemic therapy (pp. 1-12). Karnac Books.
Flaskas, C. (1997). Engagement and the therapeutic relationship in systemic therapy. Journal of Family therapy, 19, 263-282 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00052
Flaskas, C. (2016). Relating therapeutically in family therapy: pragmatics and intangibles. Journal of Family Therapy, 38 (1), 149-16 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.12108
Foerster, H. von (1993). Kybemethik. Merve.
Foucault, M. (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972-1977. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Friedlander, M. L., Escudero, V., Horvath, A. O., Heatherington, L., Cabero, A., & Martens, M. P. (2006). System for observing family therapy alliances: A tool for research and practice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(2), 214-225. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.2.214
Fruggeri, L. (2012). Different levels of psychotherapeutic competence, Journal of Family Therapy, 34, (1) 91-105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6427.2011.00564.x
Gaston, L. (1990). The concept of the alliance and its role in psychotherapy: Theoretical and empirical considerations. Psychotherapy, 27, 143-156. : https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.27.2.143
Gergen, K. (1985). The social constructionist movement in modern social psychology. American Psychologist, 40(3), 266-27 https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.40.3.266
Gergen, K. (1991). The Saturated Self. Basic Books.
Gergen, K. J. (2009). An invitation to social construction. Sage.
Gerstein, L. (2013). Οι συμβουλευτικοί ψυχολόγοι ως διεθνείς κοινωνικοί αρχιτέκτονες. Στο, R. Toporek, L. Gerstein, N. Fouad, G. Roysicar, T. Israel (επιμ.) Συμβουλευτική Ψυχολογία και Κοινωνική Δικαιοσύνη (σελ. 495-507). Πεδίο.
Gladding, S. (2002). Family Therapy: History, Theory and Practice. Merrill Prentice-Hall.
Goldenberg, I. & Goldenberg, H. (2000). Family Therapy: An overview. Brooks/Cole
Guilfoyle, Μ. (2002b). Power, knowledge and resistance in therapy: Exploring links between discourse and materiality. International Journal of Psychotherapy, 7 (1), 83-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13569080220138471
Guilfoyle, M. (2006). Using power to question the dialogical self and its therautic application. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 19 (1) 89-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070600655189
Heatherington, L., Friedlander, M. L., Diamond, G. M., Escudero,V. and Pinsof, W. M. (2015). 25 years of systemic terapies research: progress and promise. Psychotherapy research, 25, (3), 348-364. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2014.983208
Ho, M. K. (1987). Family therapy with Ethnic Minorities. SAGE Publications.
Hoffman, L. (1991/2005). Kατασκευάζοντας πραγματικότητες: Μια τέχνη οπτικής. ΜΕΤΑΛΟΓΟΣ- Συστημικές προσεγγίσεις και ψυχοθεραπεία, 7, 83-103.
Hoffman, L. (1995). Exchanging voices: A collaborative Approach to Family Therapy. Karnac Books
Hoffman, L. (1996). Therapeutische Konversationen. Von Macht und Einflubnahme zur Zusammenarbeit in der Therapie. Modernes Lerners.
Ηoffman, L. (2002). Family therapy: An intimate history. Norton.
Ηolmes, J. (2014). The Search for the Secure Base: Attachment Theory and Psychotherapy. Routledge.
Holmes, J. & and Slade, A. (2019) The neuroscience of attachment: implications for psychological therapies. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 214 (6), 214-318. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.7
Hook, D. (2003). Psychotherapy and ‘ethical sensibility’: towards a history of criticism, International Journal of Psychotherapy, 8(3), 195-212. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569080310001655313
Horvath, A. O., & Luborsky, L. (1993). The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(4), 561-573. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.61.4.561
Horvath, A. O., & Symonds, B. D. (1991). Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: a meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 139-149. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.38.2.139
Horvath, A. O. (2000). The therapeutic relationship: From transference to alliance. Journal of Clinical Psychology/In Session: Psychotherapy in Practice, 56(2), 163-173. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200002)56:2<163::AID-JCLP3>3.0.CO;2-D
Horvath, A. O. (2001). The alliance. Psychotherapy, 38, 365-372. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.365
Horvath, A. O., Del Re A. C., Flückiger C., & Symonds, D. (2011). Alliance in individual psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 48(1), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022186
Jones, E. (1993). Family systems therapy: Developments in the Milan –systemic therapies. John Wiley & Sons.
Κατάκη, Χ., & Ανδρουτσοπούλου, Α. (2003). Το Συνθετικό Μοντέλο θεραπείας ως πρόταση σύγκλισης. Στο, Χ., Κατάκη, & Α. Ανδρουτσοπούλου (Επιμ.). Με Γόμα και Καθρέφτη-Εννιά ιστορίες συστημικής ψυχοθεραπείας. Ελληνικά Γράμματα.
Καραμανωλάκης, Χ., Χαραλαμπάκη, Κ., Μιχόπουλος, Γ. (επιμ.). (2015). Η θεραπευτική σχέση. Εκδόσεις Καστανιώτη.
Κhun, T. (1970). The Structure of Scientific revolution. University of Chicago Press.
Kim, S. (2018). Therapist's Empathy, Attachment, and Therapeutic Alliance: Νeurobiological Perspective. International Journal of Psychology & Behavior Analysis. 4, 140-144. https://doi.org/10.15244/2018/2455-3867/140.
Krause, I. B. (2011). Culture and Reflexivity in Systemic Psychotherapy: Mutual Perspectives (Systemic Thinking and Practice). Rutledge. ISBN-13: 978-0367106775
Krupnick, J. L. Sotsky, S. M. Simmens, S., Moyer, J., Elikin, I., & Pilkonis, P. (1996). The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy outcome: findings in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, (3), 532-539. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.3.532
Laitila, A., Jukka A. J., Wahlström, J. & Angus, L. (2001). Narrative Process Coding System in Marital and Family Therapy: An Intensive Case Analysis of the Formation of a Therapeutic System. Contemporary Family Therapy, 23 (3) 309–322 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011183016456
Lambert, M.J. (2013). The efficacy and effectiveness of psychotherapy. In, M. J. Lambert (ed.) Bergin and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, 6th ed. Hoboken,169-218. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lambert, M. J. & Barley, D.E. (2001) Research Summary of the Therapeutic Relationship and Psychotherapy Outcome. Psychotherapy Theory Research & Practice, 38(4), 357-361.
Lambert, M. J. (1992). Psychotherapy outcome research. In, J.C. Norcross and M.R. Goldfried (eds.) Handbook of psychotherapy integration (pp. 94-129). Basic Books.
Lambert, M. J, Shapiro, D. A, & Bergin, A. E. (1986). The effectiveness of psychotherapy. In, S. L. Garfield & A. E. Bergin (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (3rd ed., pp. 157-211). Wiley.
Larner, G. (1999). Derrida and the deconstruction of power as context and topic in therapy. In, I. Parker, (ed.) Deconstructing psychotherapy (pp.39-53). Sage.
Lebow, J. (2014). Editorial: New Frontiers for Family Therapy‐Family Centered Practice and Neuroscience. Family process. 53, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12064
Linares, J. L. (2001). Does history end with postmodernism? Toward an ultramodern family therapy. Famly Process, 40 (4) 401-412 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2001.4040100401.x
Linares, J. L. (2016). Steps to an Ultramodern Family Therapy. In, M. Borcsa, & P. Stratton (2016). Origins and Originality in Family Therapy and Systemic Practise. (pp. 67-80). https://doi.org/0.1007/978-3-319-39061-1
Luborsky, L., Rosenthal, R., Diguer, L., Andrusyna, T. P., Berman, J. S., Levitt, J. T., Seligman, D. A., & Krause, E. D. (2002). The Dodo Bird Verdict Is Alive and Well—Mostly. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice 9(1), 2–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.9.1.2
Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for identifying infants as disorganised/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years (pp. 121–160). University of Chicago Press.
Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1986). Discovery of a new, insecure-disorganized/disoriented attachment pattern. In M. Yogman & T. B. Brazelton (Eds.), Affective development in infancy (pp. 95–124). Ablex.
Mallinckrodt, Β. (1993). Change in working alliance, social support, and psychological symptoms in brief therapy. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 43, 448-455. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.43.4.448
Martin, D. J., Garske, J. P., & Davis, M. K. (2000). Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(3) 438-450. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.3.438
Marziali, Ε. & Alexander, L. (1991). The power of the therapeutic relationship. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61(3), 383-391. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0079268
Μasson, J. M. (1994). Against Therapy. Common Courage Press.
Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. G. (1980). Autopoiesis and Cognition: Τhe Realization of the Livin. Dordrecht.
Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. G. (1987). Τhe Tree of Knowledge, Boston.
Meyer, D. (2011). Neuroplasticity as an explanation for the attachment process in the therapeutic relationship. Retrieved from http://counselingoutfitters.com/vistas/vistas11 /Article_52.pdf
Miller, J. G. (1978). Living systems. McGraw-Hill.
National Association of Social Workers (1999). Code of ethics. Author.
Palazzoli-Selvini, Μ., Boscolo, L., Cecchin, G. Prata, G. ( 1980). Hypothesizing-circularity-neutrality: three guidelines for the conductor of the session. Family Process. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1980.00003.x
Παπαδιώτη-Αθανασίου, Β. (2014). Οικογένεια και Όρια - Συστημική Προσέγγιση. Εκδόσεις ΤΟΠΟΣ.
Παπαστυλιανού, Α. (2006). Ομαδική ψυχοθεραπεία: Μετανεωτερικές εξελίξεις και το Συνθετικό-Συστημικό Μοντέλο,Ψυχολογία, 13(1), 30-55. https://doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23895
Parry, A., & Doan, R. (1994). Story Re-visions. Narrative therapy in the post modern world. The Guilford Press.
Patrika, P. & Tseliou, E. (2015). Blame, responsibility, and systemic neutrality: a discourse analysis methodology to the study of family therapy problem talk. Journal of Family Therapy, 38, 467-490. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.12076
Pfeifer-Schaupp, Η. U. (1996). Jenseits der Familientherapie. Systemiche Konzepte in der sozialen Arbeit. [Beyond Family Therapy. Systemic concepts in Social Work]. Lambertus.
Pinsof, W. & Catherall, D. R. (1986). The integrative psychotherapy alliance: family, couple and individual therapy scales. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 12 (2) 137-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1986.tb01631.x
Piper, W. E., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2010). The therapeutic alliance in group therapy. In J. C. Muran & J. P. Barber (Eds.), The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice (p. 263–282). The Guilford Press.
Πολέμη-Τοδούλου Μ., Βασιλείου, Β. & Βασιλείου, Γ. (2003). Η Διεργασία της Ομάδας δια μέσου της Πολιτισμικής Αλλαγής. Μεταλόγος-Συστημικές Προσεγγίσεις & Ψυχοθεραπεία, 4, 82-100.
Pomini, V., & Tomaras, V. (2002). The interlocking of therapy and supervision: the Athenian experience from the viewpoint of supervisors and supervisees. In, D. Campell, B.Mason (eds.), Perspectives on supervision, 81-90. Karnac
Πομίνι, Β. & Τομαράς, Β. (2015). Η θεραπευτική σχέση στη συστημική προσέγγιση: Πολλαπλοί δεσμοί. Στο, Χ. Καραμανωλάκης, Κ. Χαραλαμπάκη, Γ. Μιχόπουλος (επιμ.). Η θεραπευτική σχέση (σελ. 85-123). Εκδόσεις Καστανιώτη.
Pocock, D. (1997). Feeling understood in family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 19, 283–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00053
Potter, J., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Discourse and social psychology. Beyond attitudes and behavior. Sage
Rober, P. (1999). The therapist’s inner conversation in family therapy practice: Some ideas about the self of the therapist, therapeutic impasse, and the process of reflection. Family Process, 38, 209-228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1999.00209.x
Rober, P. (2005). The therapist’s self in dialogical family therapy: some ideas about not-knowing and the therapist’s inner conversation. Family Process, 47, 477-495. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2005.00073.x
Satir, Virginia S. (1972). Peoplemaking. Science and Behavior Books.
Saymonds, D. & Horvarth, A. O. (2004). Optimizing the alliance in couple therapy. Family Process, 43(4) 443-455. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2004.00033.x
Sanders, C. (1996). From both sides now: the therapeutic relationship from the viewpoint of therapist and client. In, C. Flaskas and A. Perlesz (eds.).The therapeutic relationship in systemic therapy (pp.158-175). Karnac Books.
Siegel, D. J. (2010). The mindful therapist: A clinician’s guide to mindsight and neural lintegration. Norton.
Siegel, D. J. (1999). The developing mind. How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are. Guilford
Siegel, D. J. (2007). The mindful brain: Reflecton and attunement in the cultivation of wellbeing. Norton.
Σερίφη, Μ. & Γεωργάκα, Ε. (2014). Η ασυμμετρία της εξουσίας στην ψυχοθεραπαυτική σχέση: Μια κριτική επισκόπηση. Στο, Α. Γοβαζολιάς & Μ. Μαλικιώση-Λοίζου (επιμ.). Συμβουλευτική Ψυχολογία. Σύγχρονα ζητήματα έρευνας και (σελ. 89-113). Πεδίο.
Sluzki, C. E. (2007). Interfaces: Toward a new generation of systemic models in family research and practice. Family Process, 46, 173-184 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2007.00202.x
Schlippe, A. & Schweitzer, J. (2008). Εγχειρίδιο της Συστημικής Θεραπείας και Συμβουλευτικής. University Studio Press
Seikkula, J. (2011). Becoming Dialogical: Psychotherapy or a way of Life? The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 32 (3) 179-193.
Seikkula, J., Laitila, A., & Rober, P. (2012). Making sense of multi-actor dialogues in family therapy and network meetings. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 38(4), 667-687. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00238.x
Shazer de, S. (1994). Words were originally Magic. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Smith, M. L., & Glass, G. V. (1977). Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies. American Psychologist, 32(9), 752-760.
Sorell, J. H. (2006). The pleasure of dissent: A critical theory of psychotherapy as an emancipatory practice. American Journal of Psychotherapy, Vol. 60, No. 2, 131-145.
Sotero, L., Major, S., Escudero, V., Relvas, A. P. (2016). The therapeutic alliance with involuntary clients: How does it work? Journal of Family Therapy, 38, 36-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.12046
Sprenkle, D. H., Davis, S. D., & Lebow, J. L. (2009). Common Factors in Couple and Family Therapy The Overlooked Foundation for Effective Practice. The Guilford Press.
Sprenkle, D. H. & Blow, A. J. (2004). Common factors and our sacred models. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 30, 113-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2004.tb01228.x
Σταλίκας, A. & Μερτίκα, A. (2004). H θεραπευτική συμμαχία. Ελληνικά Γράμματα.
Stierlin, H.(1994). "Psychosomatische" und "schizo-präsente" Familien: Wechselfälle der bezogenen Individuation. [Psychosomatic and schizopresent families. Vicissitudes of related Individuation], Familiendynamik 9 (3), 278-294.
Stiles, W. B., Shapiro, D. A., & Elliott, R. (1986). "Are all psychotherapies equivalent?" American Psychologist, 41(2), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.2.165
Stratton, P., Reibstein, J. Lask, J., Singh, R., Asen, E. (2011). Competences and occupational standards for systemic family and couples therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 33(2), 123-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6427.2011.00544.x
Stratford, Τ., Lal, S., Μeara, A. (2012). Neuroanalysis of therapeutic alliance in the symptomatologically anxious: The physiological connection revealed between therapist and client. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 66, 1-21.
Sutherland, O. & Strong, T. (2011). Therapeutic collaboration: a conversational analysis of constructionist therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 33, 256-278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6427.2010.00500.x
Τoporek, R. L., Gerstein, L. H., Fouad, N. A., Roysircar, G., & Israel, T. (2006). Συμβουλευτική Ψυχολογία και Κοiνωνική Δικαιοσύνη. Ηγεσία, όραμα, δράση. Πεδίο
Todorov, Τ. (1984). Mikhail Bakhtin: The Dialogical Principle. Manchester University Press.
Trotter, C. (2006). Working with Involuntary Clients: a Guide to Practice. Sage
Tσέλιου, Ε. & Ψαρόπουλος, Γ. (2007). Η ηθική ως «επιστημολογία του συνδέεσθαι» στο πεδίο των ψυχολογικών / ψυχοθεραπευτικών πρακτικών: Μια απόπειρα προσέγγισης με βάση τη συστημικήοπτική. Επιστημονική Επετηρίδα Τμήματος Ψυχολογίας ΑΠΘ, Ζ, 647-668.
Tσέλιου, Ε. (2014). Αναστοχαστικότητα και ψυχοθεραπευτικές πρακτικές: Σύγχρονες εξελίξεις από το πεδίο τα συστημικής συμβουλευτικής και ψυχοθεραπείας. Στο, Α. Γοβαζολιάς & Μ. Μαλικιώση-Λοίζου (επιμ.). Συμβουλευτική Ψυχολογία. Σύγχρονα ζητήματα έρευνας και πρακτικής (σελ. 116-135). Πεδίο
Χατζηβασίλης, Β. (1999α & 2000β). Η ουδετερότητα του θεραπευτή στην θεραπευτική διαδικασία και ο Μεταμοντερνισμός. Τετράδια Ψυχιατρικής, τ. 68, 52-58 & τ. 69, 45-49.
Vassiliou, G.A., Vassiliou, V.G. (1984). On group therapy developments in context: A Hellenic view.Interantional Journal of Group Pschotherapy, 34, 377-385.
Weingarten, Κ. (2016). The Art of Reflection: Turning the Strange into the Familiar. Family Process.
White, M. & Epston, D. (1990). Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends. W. W. Norton.
Wampold, B. E. (2015). How important are the common factors in psychotherapy? An update. World Psychiatry 14: 270–77
Wampold, B. E., Imel Z. E. (2015). Τhe Great Psychotherapy Debate: The Evidence for What Makes Psychotherapy Work (2nd ed.) Routledge.
Yalom, I. D. (1985). The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy. BasicBooks-A Division of Harper Collins Publishers.
Zilcha-Mano, Sigal, Z (2017). Is the alliance really therapeutic? Revisiting this question in light of recent methodological advances. American Psychologist. 72 (4) 311-325.
Zilcha-Mano, S., Lipsitz, I., & Errazuriz, P. (2018). When is it Effective to Focus on the Alliance? Analysis of a Within-Client Moderator. Cognitive Therapy and Research 42:159–171. https://doi.org./10.1007/s10608-017-9867-4
Ζimmermann, K. J. (2011). Commentary: Is collaboration a viable target for family therapists? Journal of Family Therapy, 33, 215-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6427.2011.00535.x
