Philo and Slavery


Δημοσιευμένα: Mar 25, 2020
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Philo of Alexandria; Slavery; Stoicism; Natural Slavery; Essenes; Allegorical Method; Ethical Freedom; Jewish Philosophy
Athanasios Ziakas
Περίληψη

This paper explores the philosophical and theological perspectives of Philo of Alexandria (20 BCE – 50 CE) regarding the institution of slavery. Positioned at the crossroads of Hellenistic philosophy and Jewish tradition, Philo utilizes the allegorical method to interpret Jewish scriptures through Stoic concepts. The author examines Philo's complex categorization of slavery, distinguishing between physical (bodily) servitude and moral (psychic) slavery. A central focus is the "natural slave," exemplified by the biblical figure of Esau, whom Philo views as inherently defective and in need of external control to manage his passions. Conversely, the paper highlights the Essenes as the first group in Western history to renounce slavery as a form of human ownership. Ultimately, Philo argues that true freedom is a quality of the soul and the virtuous mind, while the most "glorious" form of servitude is that which is directed toward the Divine.

Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
  • Ενότητα
  • Άρθρα
Λήψεις
Τα δεδομένα λήψης δεν είναι ακόμη διαθέσιμα.
Αναφορές
Aristotle. Politics [Πολιτικά]. 1254b 4-6; 1328a 5.
Byron, John. Slavery Metaphors in Early Judaism and Pauline Christianity. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003.
Chadwick, Henry. Philo and the Beginnings of Christian Thought [O Φίλων και οι απαρχές της Χριστιανικής Σκέψης]. Athens: Enalios, 2006.
Davis, David Brion. The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Dragona-Monachou, Myrto. The Problem of Evil in Philo of Alexandria [Το πρόβλημα του κακού στον Φίλωνα τον Αλεξανδρέα]. Athens: Center for Research in Greek Philosophy, 1975-1976.
Eusebius of Caesarea. Ecclesiastical History [Εκκλησιαστική Ιστορία]. Book B, 17.3; 17.16.
Garnsey, Peter. Ideas of Slavery from Aristotle to Augustine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Garnsey, Peter. "Philo Judaeus and Slave Theory." Scripta Classica Israelica 13 (1994): 30-45.
Gkirgenis, Stavros. Philo of Alexandria: Judaism, Hellenism, Essenes and Therapeutae [Φίλων ο Αλεξανδρεύς: lουδαϊσμός, Eλληνισμός, Eσσαίοι και Θεραπευτές]. Athens: Zitros, 2003.
Glancy, Jennifer A. Slavery in Early Christianity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Philo of Alexandria. Complete Works, Volume 10 [Άπαντα, Τόμος 10] (The Greek Letters series [Οι Έλληνες]). Edited by Odysseus Chatzopoulos. Translated by the Kaktos Editorial Team. Athens: Kaktos, 2000.
Westermann, William Linn. The Slave System of Greek and Roman Antiquity. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1984.
Wolfson, Harry Austrin. "Philo on Free Will." Harvard Theological Review 35, no. 3 (1942): 131-169.
Wolfson, Harry Austrin. "Philo on Jewish Citizenship in Alexandria." Journal of Biblical Literature 63, no. 2 (1944): 165-168.