Status, distribution, and threats of the last surviving fan mussel populations in Greece

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Published: Dec 13, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.35384
Keywords:
Pinna nobilis mass mortality conservation Aegean Ionian Mediterranean
ORESTIS PAPADAKIS
Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-5630
IOANNIS MAMOUTOS
Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2697-2620
ALEXIS RAMFOS
Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5916-0509
GAETANO CATANESE
IRFAP-LIMIA Laboratorio de Investigaciones Marinas y Acuicultura-Govern de les Illes Balears, 07157 Port d’Andratx, Spain & INAGEA (UIB), Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-4494
EVANGELOS PAPADIMITRIOU
Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7375-1428
JOHN A. THEODOROU
Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Patras, Mesolonghi, 30200, Greece
COSTAS BATARGIAS
Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
CHARIKLEIA PAPAIOANNOU
Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
MARIA KAMILARI
Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece & Department of Plant Protection Patras, Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘DIMITRA’, Patras, Greece
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7960-7598
ELINA TRAGOU
Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0101-6410
VASSILIS ZERVAKIS
Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
STELIOS KATSANEVAKIS
Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
Abstract

Since the first confirmed records of mass mortality events (MME) in the Aegean Sea in 2018, Pinna nobilis populations in Greek seas have been decimated. To bolster recovery efforts, this study aimed to assess the status of fan mussel populations in the Aegean and Ionian seas and investigate potential recolonization through natural recruitment. From May 2022 to May 2023, 163 independent underwater visual surveys were conducted across various locations and depths along the Greek coastline. A total of 4348 P. nobilis individuals was recorded, of which 87.3% were found dead and 12.7% were alive. The sole surviving fan mussel populations were located in the semi-enclosed gulfs of Amvrakikos in the Ionian Sea and of Kalloni in the Aegean Sea, with estimated recent mortality rates (excluding potential poaching) of 7.7% and 6.3%, respectively. To track potential new recruitment, a network of larvae collectors was deployed in multiple locations. Additionally, an ocean circulation model (OCM) was developed to predict the export and fate of larvae from the surviving populations in the Marmara Sea towards the Aegean Sea. Beyond the MME, this study identified several other threats, which significantly endanger fan mussel survival. The findings of this study underscore the urgent need to implement protection measures and restoration actions to enhance the chances of P. nobilis survival and recovery in the Greek seas.

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Author Biographies
GAETANO CATANESE, IRFAP-LIMIA Laboratorio de Investigaciones Marinas y Acuicultura-Govern de les Illes Balears, 07157 Port d’Andratx, Spain & INAGEA (UIB), Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain

Authors' second Affiliation:

INAGEA (UIB), Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain

MARIA KAMILARI, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece & Department of Plant Protection Patras, Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘DIMITRA’, Patras, Greece

Authors' second Affiliation:

Department of Plant Protection Patras, Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘DIMITRA’, Patras, Greece

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