Genetic structure and connectivity of the critically endangered deep-sea octocoral Isidella elongata: implications for marine biodiversity conservation in the Mediterranean Sea

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Pubblicato: Dec 18, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.40883
VALENTINA LAURIA
The Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology of the National Research Council, Mazara del Vallo, Italy; Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4179-9133
FRANCESCO GARGANO
National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy & Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6453-4883
MARCO ARCULEO
Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8911-6736
GIOACCHINO BONO
The Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology of the National Research Council, Mazara del Vallo, Italy; Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
FABIO FIORENTINO
The Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology of the National Research Council, Mazara del Vallo, Italy ; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Palermo, Italy
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6302-649X
JEAN-FRANÇOIS FLOT
Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels - (IB)², Brussels, Belgium
OLIVIER COLLARD
Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
MARIA CRISTINA FOLLESA
Department of Life Science and Environment, University of Cagliari, Italy
GERMANA GAROFALO
The Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology of the National Research Council, Mazara del Vallo, Italy & National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9117-6252
VINCENT GEORGES
The Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology of the National Research Council, Mazara del Vallo, Italy
PORZIA MAIORANO
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
DANIELA MASSI
The Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology of the National Research Council, Mazara del Vallo, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy; Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Palermo, Italy
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9086-1933
CATERINA STAMOULI
Institute of Marine Biological Resources & Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Athens, Greece
SANDRINE VAZ
MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Sète, Ifremer, IRD, France
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7365-8335
SERGIO VITALE
The Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology of the National Research Council, Mazara del Vallo, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
LUCA VECCHIONI
Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-9728
Abstract

The protection of the Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem identified by the presence of the critically endangered bamboo coral Isidella elongata has been recognized as an urgent task. Although some research has focused on the spatial distribution of this species, there is no information available on its connectivity and genetic structure. This is the first study to examine the genetic diversity pattern and inter-population connectivity of I. elongata at the Mediterranean scale. The DNA-based approach for assessing the genetic diversity of 33 I. elongata samples collected in six different areas involved two mitochondrial markers (COI and MutS) and one nuclear marker (ITS2). Molecular results confirmed that all samples belonged to I. elongata and showed a scarce level of intra- and inter-population mtDNA differentiation, whereas nuDNA data revealed genetic structuring. Furthermore, a Lagrangian model (forward-in-time simulations) was used to investigate the species larval connectivity under different sea current conditions. Our results suggest the presence of persistent pathways, supporting the self-sustaining nature of the populations, especially in the central Mediterranean Sea. This study identifies the main corridors of connectivity for I. elongata in the Mediterranean Sea, highlighting the importance of including such information in the implementation of fishery management measures.

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