Φυσική δραστηριότητα – άσκηση και παράγοντες καρδιαγγειακού κινδύνου: υπέρταση, δυσλιπιδαιμία, παχυσαρκία

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Veröffentlicht: Μαρ 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/hsjpe.26619
Δημήτριος Ηλίας Μπούρδας
Τομέας Αθλητιατρικής & Βιολογίας της Άσκησης, Σχολή Επιστήμης Φυσικής Αγωγής & Αθλητισμού, Εθνικόν & Καποδιστριακόν Πανεπιστήμιον Αθηνών
Abstract
Όλο και περισσότερα ευρήματα μελετών αναδεικνύουν τη συμμετοχή σε προγράμματα φυσικής δραστηριότητας και παρεμβατικής άσκησης ως απαραίτητα συστατικά για τη μείωση της σοβαρότητας των καρδιαγγειακών παραγόντων κινδύνου, όπως η υπέρταση, η δυσλιπιδαιμία και η παχυσαρκία. Ωστόσο, είναι λιγότερο σαφές εάν και ποιος τύπος παρεμβάσεων φυσικής δραστηριότητας και άσκησης (αερόβια άσκηση, δυναμική άσκηση αντίστασης ή και τα δύο) ή χαρακτηριστικά άσκησης (συχνότητα, ένταση, διάρκεια και όγκος) θα αποφέρουν περισσότερο όφελος για κάθε ξεχωριστό παράγοντα κίνδυνου. Ο σκοπός της μελέτης αυτής είναι η παρουσίαση της σχέσης ανάμεσα στη φυσική δραστηριότητα - άσκηση και τους σπουδαιότερους παράγοντες επικινδυνότητας καρδιολογικών νοσημάτων (υπέρταση, δυσλιπιδαιμία, και παχυσαρκία). Η παρούσα μελέτη αναθεωρεί και κάνει συστάσεις για τη φυσική δραστηριότητα και την παρεμβατική άσκηση, με στόχο τη βέλτιστη διαχείριση της καρδιαγγειακής υγείας σε άτομα με παράγοντες καρδιαγγειακού κινδύνου. Η καθοδήγηση που παρέχεται απευθύνεται σε όλους τους εμπλεκόμενους φορείς, συναφείς κλάδους και ειδικότητες, υπεύθυνους χάραξης πολιτικής για τη δημόσια υγεία αλλά και μεμονωμένους πολίτες. Με βάση τις προηγούμενες και τις τρέχουσες ανασκοπήσεις της βιβλιογραφίας, διατυπώνονται τεκμηριωμένες επιστημονικά συστάσεις σχετικά με τον τύπο, τον όγκο και την ένταση της φυσικής δραστηριότητας σε άτομα με παράγοντες καρδιαγγειακού κινδύνου. Συμπερασματικά, αερόβια άσκηση που υπερβαίνει το κατώφλι της έντασης των 4,5 ΜΕΤ και διαρκεί 30 min από μερικές φορές την εβδομάδα έως κάθε μέρα, έχει θεαματικά αποτελέσματά σε σχέση με την υπέρταση, την κατανομή των λιπιδίων στο αίμα και την παχυσαρκία. Η σημαντική αξία της άσκησης ως μέσο πρόληψης των καρδιοπαθειών πλεονεκτεί σε δύο σημαντικά σημεία. Αφενός, στη διατήρηση της υγείας και ευρρωστίας του ανθρώπινου οργανισμού με μείωση της πιθανότητας εμφάνισης καρδιοπαθειών έως και 2-3 φορές, και αφετέρου, στο χαμηλό κόστος.
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Οι θεωρητικές και πρακτικές προοπτικές οι οποίες  αναπτύσσονται σε κάθε εργασία αποτελούν απόψεις του ίδιου του συγγραφέα και δεν αντανακλούν τις απόψεις της Επιτροπής έκδοσης του περιοδικού.

Με τη υποβολή προς κρίση, ο συγγραφέας καλείται να αποδεχτεί τη Συμφωνία Κατοχύρωσης Πνευματικών Δικαιωμάτων. Με αυτόν τον τρόπο, τόσο ο συγγραφέας όσο και το περιοδικό προστατεύονται από την περίπτωση κατάχρησης υλικού πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας.

Σημειώνεται ότι οι συγγραφείς είναι υπεύθυνοι να λάβουν την άδεια για χρήση υλικού πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας από άλλους συγγραφείς στις εργασίες τους.

Οι Συγγραφείς διατηρούν τα Πνευματικά Δικαιώματα και χορηγούν στο περιοδικό το δικαίωμα της πρώτης δημοσίευσης ενώ ταυτόχρονα τα πνευματικά δικαιώματα της εργασίας προστατεύονται σύμφωνα με την Creative Commons Attribution License που επιτρέπει σε τρίτους - αποδέκτες της άδειας να χρησιμοποιούν την εργασία όπως θέλουν με την προϋπόθεση της διατήρησης των διατυπώσεων που προβλέπονται στην άδεια σχετικά με την αναφορά στον αρχικό δημιουργό και την αρχική δημοσίευση σε αυτό το περιοδικό.

Το περιοδικό επιτρέπει και ενθαρρύνει τους Συγγραφείς να καταθέτουν τις εργασίες τους μέσω διαδικτύου (π.χ. σε ένα ακαδημαϊκό καταθετήριο ή στους προσωπικές τους ιστοσελίδες) μετά από τις διαδικασίες της δημοσίευσης, καθώς αυτό μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε παραγωγική ανταλλαγή ιδεών και σκέψεων καθώς επίσης και σε γρηγορότερη και μεγαλύτερη χρήση και ευρετηρίαση της δημοσιευμένης εργασίας (See The Effect of Open Access).

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Δημήτριος Ηλίας Μπούρδας, Τομέας Αθλητιατρικής & Βιολογίας της Άσκησης, Σχολή Επιστήμης Φυσικής Αγωγής & Αθλητισμού, Εθνικόν & Καποδιστριακόν Πανεπιστήμιον Αθηνών

1996:   Απόφοιτος από το Εθνικό Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, Τμήμα Επιστημών Φυσικής Αγωγής και Αθλητισμού. [βαθμός @ 7 (Λίαν Καλώς), βαθμός ειδικότητας καλαθοσφαίρισης = 9 (Άριστα)].

1997:   Κάτοχος Μεταπτυχιακού Διπλώματος (P.G.Dip.) σπουδών στην «Αθλητική Προπονητική», από το Πανεπιστήμιο του Sheffield, U.K., [Institute of Sports Medicine and Exercise Sciences: Ινστιτούτο Αθλητικής Ιατρικής και Αθλητικών Επιστημών].

1998:   Κάτοχος Μεταπτυχιακού Τίτλου Σπουδών [Master (M.Sc.)] στην «Αθλητική Προπονητική», από το Πανεπιστήμιο του Sheffield, U.K., [Institute of Sports Medicine and Exercise Sciences: Ινστιτούτο Αθλητικής Ιατρικής και Αθλητικών Επιστημών]. (Ισότιμα αναγνωρισμένο από το Δ.Ι.Κ.Α.Τ.Σ.Α. με το αντίστοιχο Ελληνικό πτυχίο, 16/02/2000).

2008:   Ενταγμένος στο Μητρώο Πιστοποιημένων Εκπαιδευτών Ενήλικων του Ε.Κ.Ε.Π.Ι.Σ. με Αρ. Μητρώου ΕΒ18026.

2015:   Διδάκτωρ του Εθνικού Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών, Τμήμα Επιστημών Φυσικής Αγωγής και Αθλητισμού, Τομέα Αθλητιατρικής και Βιολογίας της Άσκησης.

1996- : Μέλος του Συνδέσμου Ελλήνων Προπονητών Καλαθοσφαίρισης (Σ.Ε.Π.Κ.).

1997- : Μέλος του Αμερικανικού Κολεγίου Αθλητικής Ιατρικής (American College of Sports Medicine).

2001- : Μέλος της Αμερικανικής Εταιρείας Φυσιολογίας (American Physiological Society).

2001- : Μέλος της Εθνικής Γεωγραφικής Εταιρείας (National Geographic Society).

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