Diarrhoea in neonatal small ruminants: Updated review and proposed measures for its control in Greece.


S. K. KRITAS (Σ.Κ. ΚΡΗΤΑΣ)
H. KARATZIAS (Χ. ΚΑΡΑΤΖΙΑΣ)
C. ALEXOPOULOS (Κ. ΑΛΕΞΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ)
S. C. KYRIAKIS (Σ.Κ. ΚΥΡΙΑΚΗΣ)
Abstract

Diarrhoea in neonatal small ruminants appears to be responsible for substantial financial losses in sheep and goat enterprises worldwide, including Greece. Enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens type B, rotavirus, Coronavirus, Cryptosporidium spp, and Eimeria spp. are the main causes of scour problems in neonatal lambs and kids up to the age of 3-4 weeks. In this study, a review of the causative agents, their pathogenesis, and clinical and autopsy findings possibly helpful for diagnosis is attempted. Moreover, appropriate therapeutic and preventive measures for effective control of diarhoea, and measures for controlling the speading of the causative agents among sheep and goat farms, are suggested.

Article Details
  • Section
  • Review Articles
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Παπαδόπουλος Ο. Λοιμώδη νοσήματα των ζώων. 1993 Θεσσαλονίκη.
Naylor JM. Neonatal ruminant diarrhea. In: Large Animal Internal Medicine: Diseases of horses, cattle, sheep and goats. Smith BP (ed), 2nd, Mosby. London, 1996:396-417.
Fairbrother JM. Escherichia coli infections in farm animals. In: Current Veterinary Therapy (Food Animal Practice). Howard JL (ed) 3rd ed, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1993:517-519.
Holland RE. Some infectious causes oï diarrhea in young farm animals. Clin Microbiol Rev 1990, 3:345-375.
Lester T. Ovine Rotavirus. In: Current Veterinary Therapy (Food Animal Practice). Howard JL (ed), 3rd ed. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 1993, 467.
Chasey D, Banks J. The commonest rotaviruses from neonatal lamb diarrhoea in England and Wales have atypical electropherotypes. Vet Ree 1984, 115:326-327.
Tzipori S. Cryptosporidiosis in animals and humans. Microbiol Rev 1983,47:84-96.
Tzipori S. Cryptosporidium, notes on epidemiology and pathogenesis. Paeasitol Today 1985, 1:159-165.
Stewart CG. Cryptosporidiosis. In:Current Veterinary Therapy (Food Animal Practice). Howard JL (ed), 3rd ed, WB Saunders. Company, Philadelphia, 1993, 612-613.
Reif JS. Wimmer L, Smith JA, Dargatz DA. Cheney JM. Human cryptosporidiosis associated with an epizootic in calves. Am J Public health 1989.79:1528-1530.
Penzhorn BL. Swan GE. Coccidiosis. In: Current Veterinary Therapy (Food Animal Practice). Howard JL (ed). 3rd ed, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1993, 599-603.
Foreyt WJ. Epidemiology and control of coccidia in sheep. Vet Clin North Am (Food Anim Pract) 1986. 2:383-388.
Bywater RJ. Evaluation of an oral glucose-glycine-electrolyte formulation and amoxicillin for treatment of diarrhea in calves. Am J Vet Res 1977. 38:1983-1987.
Fromm D, Gianella RA, Formal SB, Quijano R. Collins H. Ion transport across isolated ideal mucosa invaded by salmonella. Gastroenterology 1974. 66:215-225.
Argenzio RA. Pathophysiology of neonatal calf diarrhea. Vet Clin North Am (Food Ânim Pract) 1985, 1:461 -469.
Argenzio RA, Liacos J, Berschneider HM. Whipp SC. Robertson DC. Effect of heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli and theophylline on ion transport in porcine small intestine. Can J Comp Med 1984,48:14-22.
Moon HW. Mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diarrhea: a review. J Am Med Assoc 1978, 172:443-448.
Ernst JV, Benz GW. Coccidiosis. In: Current Topics inVeterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Ristic, M. Mclntyre, I (eds), Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague 1981, 6:377-392.
Fisher EW. Death in neonatal calf diarrhoea. Br Vet J 1965. 121:132-138.
Fisher EW. McEwan AD. Death in neonatal calf diarrhoea. Part IT: the role of oxygen and potassium. Br Vet J 1976. 123:4-6.
Mitchell G. Linklater K. differential diagnosis of scouring in lambs. In Practice, 1983. 5:6-10.
Gaterwood D, Ghengappa MM. Clostridial Enterotoxaemia (Clostridium perfringens). In: Current Veterinary Therapy (Food Animal Practice). Howard JL (ed), 3rd ed, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1993, 573-575.
Angus KW. Cryptosporidiosis in domestic animals and humans. In Practice 1987, 9:47-49.
Kirkpatrick CE, Farrel JP. Cryptosporidiosis. Compend. Cont Educ Vet 1984,6:154-162
Wray C. Morris JA. Aspects of colibacillosis in farm animais. J Hyg Camb 1985, 95:577-593.
Reynolds DJ, Chasey D, Scott AC. Bridger JC. Evaluation of ELISA and electron microscopy for the detection of Coronavirus and rotavirus in bovine faeces. Vet Ree 1984, 114:397-401.
Chasus-Dancla E. Lafont JP. Resistance to gentamycin and apramvein in Escherichia coli from calves in France. Vet Ree 1985,117:90-91.
Zeman DH, Thomson JU, Francis DH. Diagnosis, treatment and management of enteric colibacillosis. Vet Med 1989, 84:794-802.
Smith MC,Sherman DM. Goat medicine: Digestive system. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia 1994:275-358.
Most read articles by the same author(s)