Προδιαθέτοντες παράγοντες χωλοτήτων στα πρόβατα


Δημοσιευμένα: Nov 17, 2017
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Χωλότητα προδιαθέτοντες παράγοντες γαλακτοπαραγωγά πρόβατα πρόληψη
A. I. GELASAKIS (Α.Ι. ΓΕΛΑΣΑΚΗΣ)
G. E. VALERGAKIS (Γ.Ε. ΒΑΛΕΡΓΑΚΗΣ)
G. ARSENOS (Γ. ΑΡΣΕΝΟΣ)
Περίληψη

Η χωλότητα, που σχετίζεται με διάφορες παθήσεις των άκρων, αποτελεί ένα από τα σημαντικότερα προβλήματα που αντιμετωπίζει η προβατοτροφία διεθνώς. Η εμφάνιση χωλότητας στο ποίμνιο συνδέεται όχι μόνο με τη μείωση των αποδόσεων,αλλά και με την υποβάθμιση του επιπέδου ευζωίας των ζώων. Η επίδραση της χωλότητας στην παραγωγικότητα είναι πολύπλευρη, οι σχετικές μελέτες, όμως, είναι λίγες και αφορούν σε κρεοπαραγωγές και εριοπαραγωγές φυλές προβάτων. Αδιευκρίνιστη παραμένει η σημασία της χωλότητας στην παραγωγικότητα των γαλακτοπαραγωγών φυλών προβάτων. Τα αίτια των χωλοτήτων είναι πολλά. Συχνότερα συνδέονται με προβλήματα που εντοπίζονται στο κατώτερο τμήμα των άκρων και ιδιαίτερα στις χηλές και σπανιότερα με διαταραχές του νευρικού συστήματος ή άλλες παθήσεις. Με εξαίρεση τις συστηματικές νόσους,ουσιαστικό ρόλο στην επιδημιολογία της χωλότητας παίζουν διάφοροι προδιαθέτοντες παράγοντες. Οι παράγοντες αυτοί χωρίζονταισ ε δυο κατηγορίες: α) στους γενετικούς, που καθορίζουν σε ατομικό κυρίως επίπεδο την εμφάνιση χωλοτήτων και β)στους περιβαλλοντικούς, που διαμορφώνουν τον επιπολασμό τους σε επίπεδο ποιμνίου. Η κατάλληλη επιλογή γενετικού υλικού και η εφαρμογή ενός ολοκληρωμένου προγράμματος διαχείρισης μπορούν να συμβάλουν σημαντικά στον περιορισμό των παραγόντωναυτών. Η διατροφή αποτελεί βασικό παράγοντα που μπορεί να επηρεάσει την υγεία του άκρου ποδός. Έλλειψη των θρεπτικών ουσιών που συμμετέχουν στη διαδικασία της κερατινοποίησης της χηλής προδιαθέτει σε χωλότητα. Το ίδιο συμβαίνει ότανοι συνθήκες σταβλισμοΰ δεν εξασφαλίζουν ένα κατάλληλο μικροπεριβάλλον στο προβατοστάσιο. Ιδιαίτερα η υγρασία αποτελεί έναν από τους σημαντικότερους προδιαθέτοντες παράγοντες για την εμφάνιση αλλοιώσεων στις χηλές. Σε εντατικά εκτρεφόμενα ποίμνια, όπου τα ζώα παραμένουν διαρκώς σταβλισμένα και βαδίζουν στο μαλακό (εξαιτίας της στρωμνής) δάπεδο,η μη φυσιολογική φθορά των χηλών μπορεί να προδιαθέσει σε χωλότητα. Η υπερανάπτυξη και η συνεχής έκθεση των χηλών στο υγειονομικά επιβαρυμένο δάπεδο του στάβλου καθιστούν απαραίτητη την περιποίηση τους με την εφαρμογή της ποδοκομίας και των ποδόλουτρων. Παράλληλα, η λήψη των απαραίτητων υγειονομικών μέτρων κατά την εισαγωγή ζώων στην εκτροφή ήκατά την εμφάνιση λοιμωδών νοσημάτων που προσβάλλουν τις χηλές (π.χ. λοιμώδης ποδοδερματίτιδα), είναι επιβεβλημένη. Η εφαρμογή από τον κτηνοτρόφο προληπτικών διαχειριστικών μέτρων προϋποθέτει την κατανόηση του προβλήματος και της σπουδαιότητας του. Προς την κατεύθυνση αυτή, σημαντική είναι η συμβολή του υπευθύνου κτηνιάτρου της εκτροφής. Ο τελευταίος δεν πρέπει να είναι επιφορτισμένος μόνο με τη διάγνωση και τη θεραπεία της χωλότητας, αλλά κυρίως με την ενημέρωση του κτηνοτρόφου σχετικά με το πρόβλημα και την επιδημιολογία του.

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Αναφορές
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