Σύγχρονα δεδομένα σχετικά με το Σύνδρομο της Επιλόχειας Υπογαλαξίας - Δυσγαλαξίας των συών

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Δημοσιευμένα: Nov 24, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14975
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Συς υπογαλαξία/αγαλαξία χοιρίδια
V. G. PAPATSIROS (Β.Γ. ΠΑΠΑΤΣΙΡΟΣ)
Υπουργείο Αγροτικής Ανάπτυξης & Τροφίμων Κτηνιατρική Σχολή Αριστοτελείου Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλονίκη
C. ALEXOPOULOS (Κ. ΑΛΕΞΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ)
Κλινική Παραγωγικών Ζώων, Κτηνιατρική Σχολή, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης
S. C. KYRIAKIS (Σ.Κ. ΚΥΡΙΑΚΗΣ)
Ίδρυμα Ιατρό βιολογικών Ερευνών της Ακαδημίας Αθηνών
Περίληψη

Το «Σύνδρομο Επιλόχειας Υπογαλαξίας - Δυσγαλαξίας» των συών, πουαναφέρεται στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία ως «Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome» (PPDS) και «Periparturient Hypogalactia Syndrome» (PHS), προκαλείσημαντικές οικονομικές απώλειες στη σύγχρονη χοιροτροφία. Στην αιτιοπαθογένεια του συνδρόμου εμπλέκονται οι ενδοτοξίνες και γενικώς τα αρνητικά,αλλά και ορισμένα θετικά κατά gram βακτήρια (κολιβάκιλλοι, β-αιμολυτικοί στρεπτόκοκκοι των ομάδων G και L, σταφυλόκοκκοι, Arcanobacteriumpyogenes και είδη Proteus, Bacteroides, Clostridium και Haemophilus). Σημαντικό ρόλο διαδραματίζουν, επίσης, τα διάφορα λειτουργικά αίτια υπογαλαξίας, οι παράγοντες που προκαλούν καταπόνηση (stress) στις συες και γενικά οι συνθήκες που συμβάλλουν στον πολλαπλασιασμό των βακτηρίων και συνεπώς στην ενδεχόμενη ενδοτοξιναιμία (π.χ. κυστίτιδα, μητρίτιδα, κολπίτιδα, δυσκοιλιότητα, μαστίτιδα κ.λπ.). Οι προδιαθέτοντες παράγοντες σχετίζονται με την κατάσταση της υγείας της συός («Σύνδρομο των Υπέρβαρων Συών - Fat Sow Syndrome», παρατεταμένη διάρκεια τοκετού, υψηλός πυρετός μετά τον τοκετό, δυσμορφία και τραυματισμοί των θηλών, υποπλασία μαστικών αδένων), με τις συνθήκες σταβλισμου και μεταχείρισης των συών (είδος δαπέδου, συνθήκες υγιεινής, θερμοκρασία - υγρασία του θαλάμου, περιορισμένη δραστηριότητα των συών, ανεπαρκής παροχή νερού), αλλά και με τη διατροφή (περιεκτικότητα των τροφών σε κυτταρίνες, πρωτείνες, βιταμίνη Ε και σελήνιο). Η κλινική εικόνα χαρακτηρίζεται κυρίως από διαταραχές της γαλακτοπαραγωγής και της γενικής κατάστασης της υγείας της συός (ανορεξία, κατάπτωση, αύξηση θερμοκρασίας σώματος, δυσκοιλιότητα και έξοδος εκκρίματος από τη γεννητική οδό), καθώς και από μειωμένες αποδόσεις των γαλουχουμενων χοιριδίων (ανεπιτυχείς απόπειρες θηλασμού, έντονη ανησυχία, διάρροια, καθυστέρηση στην ανάπτυξη, ανομοιομορφία της τοκετοομάδας ως προς το σωματικό βάρος των χοιριδίων, αύξηση της θνησιμότητας τους). Η αντιμετώπιση περιλαμβάνει θεραπευτικά σχήματα στις σύες με τη χρήση αντιβιοτικών,ωκυτοκίνης, προσταγλανδινών και αναστολέων της σύνθεσης των προσταγλανδινών (μη στεροειδή αντιφλεγμονώδη). Για τον περιορισμό των επιπτώσεων του συνδρόμου στα χοιρίδια λαμβάνονται μέτρα διαχείρισης των τοκετοομάδων, που περιλαμβάνουν αποφυγή της αφυδάτωσης των χοιριδίων, διάθεση εναλλακτικής πηγής ενέργειας (υποκατάστατα γάλακτος), αύξηση της ποσότητας του διαθέσιμου νερού και υιοθεσία των χοιριδίων από υγιείς σύες.Τα μέτρα πρόληψης που πρέπει να λαμβάνονται αφορούν στη θρεπτική κατάσταση και γενικότερα στη διατροφή των συών (συμπεριλαμβανομένου και του τρόπου παράθεσης της τροφής), στη διαχείριση των συών μετά από τον τοκετό, καθώς και στην εξασφάλιση ικανοποιητικών συνθηκών διαβίωσης (επιμελής καθαρισμός και απολύμανση των κελιών, δυνατότητα άσκησης των συών, παροχή πρόσθετου νερού, επιμελής φροντίδα των νεογέννητων χοιριδίων,ρύθμιση θερμοκρασίας θαλάμου).Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η παράθεση νεότερων βιβλιογραφικών δεδομένων σχετικά με το σύνδρομο αυτό με έμφαση στην αιτιοπαθογένεια, στην κλινική εικόνα, στη διάγνωση και κυρίως στους προδιαθέτοντες παράγοντες, καθώς και στην αντιμετώπιση και στα μέτρα πρόληψης που πρέπει να λαμβάνονται.

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