Οι κυριότερες μυκοτοξινώσεις στους χοίρους: μεταβολισμός και τοξινοκινητικη των υπευθύνων μυκοτοξινών

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Δημοσιευμένα: Nov 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15092
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Μυκοτοξινώσεις χοίροι μεταβολισμός τοξινοκινητικη μυκοτοξίνες.
P. D. TASSIS (Π. Δ. ΤΑΣΣΗΣ)
Κλινική Παθολογίας Παραγωγικών Ζώων, Τμήμα Κτηνιατρικής, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης
C. ALEXOPOULOS (Κ. ΑΛΕΞΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ)
Κλινική Μαιευτικής και Τεχνητής Σπερματέγχυσης, Τμήμα Κτηνιατρικής, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης
S. K. KRITAS (Σ. Κ. ΚΡΗΤΑΣ)
Εργαστήριο Λοιμωδών και Παρασιτικών Νοσημάτων, Τμήμα Κτηνιατρικής, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης
E. D. TZIKA (Ε. Δ. ΤΖΗΚΑ)
Κλινική Παθολογίας Παραγωγικών Ζώων, Τμήμα Κτηνιατρικής, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης
K. SAOULIDIS (Κ. ΣΑΟΥΛΙΔΗΣ)
Κλινική Παθολογίας Παραγωγικών Ζώων, Τμήμα Κτηνιατρικής, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης
S. C. KYRIAKIS (ΚΥΡΙΑΚΗΣ Σ.Κ.)
Κλινική Παθολογίας Παραγωγικών Ζώων, Τμήμα Κτηνιατρικής, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης
Περίληψη

Οι μυκοτοξίνες είναι δευτερογενείς μεταβολίτες των μυκήτων που αναπτύσσονται σε διάφορες βασικές ζωοτροφές (συχνότερα στο καλαμπόκι, στο σιτάρι, στο κριθάρι κ.λπ.), οι οποίες χρησιμοποιούνται στα σιτηρέσια των χοίρων. Αναπτύσσονται είτε κατά την καλλιέργεια είτε κατά τη μεταφορά ή αποθήκευση των δημητριακών καρπών. Οι μυκοτοξίνες προσβάλλουν το 25% της παγκόσμιας παραγωγής δημητριακών καρπών προκαλώντας εκτεταμένες οικονομικές απώλειες. Οι κυριότερες μυκοτοξίνες πουπροκαλούν κλινικά συμπτώματα στους χοίρους είναι: από την ομάδα των αφλατοξινών η αφλατοξίνη Βΐ 5 από την ομάδα των τριχοθεσινών η δεοξυνιβαλενόλη (DON) και η ζεαραλενόνη (ZEN), από τις ωχρατοξίνες η ωχρατοξίνη Α (ΟΤΑ) και από τις φουμονισίνες η φουμονισίνη Bj. Η επίδραση των μυκοτοξινών στους χοίρους εξαρτάται από την έκταση και το ρυθμό απορρόφησης τους, από την κατανομή, τη σύνδεση ή την εντόπιση τους σε διάφορους ιστούς και από τον τρόπο αποβολή τους. Το ποσοστό συμμετοχής των παραπάνω διεργασιών, οι οποίες συμβάλλουν στην κινητική των τοξινών, εξαρτάται από τις χημικές και φυσικές τους ιδιότητες, καθώς και από την αλληλεπίδραση τους με τους ιστούς που είναι υπεύθυνοι για το μεταβολισμό και την απομάκρυνση τους. Σκοπός της συγκεκριμένης εργασίας είναι η καταγραφή των κυριότερων σταδίων του μεταβολισμού και η διερεύνηση της τοξινοκινητικής των παραπάνω μυκοτοξινών στους χοίρους. Επιπλέον,αναφέρονται τα συχνότερα κλινικά συμπτώματα που προκαλούνται στις περιπτώσεις των αντίστοιχων μυκοτοξινώσεων των χοίρων.

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