Η μπαρτονέλλωση της γάτας. Βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση


Δημοσιευμένα: Dec 15, 2017
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
γάτα μπαρτονέλλωση Bartonella spp ζωοανθρωπονόσος
L. V. ATHANASIOU (Λ.Β. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΟΥ)
M. K. CHATZIS (Μ.Κ. ΧΑΤΖΗΣ)
I. V. KONTOU (Ι. B. ΚΟΝΤΟΥ)
V. I. KONTOS (Β. I. ΚΟΝΤΟΣ)
V. SPYROU (B. ΣΠΥΡΟΥ)
Περίληψη

Η μπαρτονέλλωση οφείλεται σε Gram αρνητικά βακτήρια που απομονώνονται συχνά από γάτες παγκοσμίως. Οι γάτες είναι η κύρια δεξαμενή των Bartonella henselae* Β. ciarrìcigeìae και Β, koehlerae που μέσω αυτών μεταδίδονται στον άνθρωπο, ενώ αποτελούν τυχαίο ξενιστή για τα είδη Β, quintana, Β. bovis και Β, ν insanii suhsp. herkhoffii. Μεταδίδεται μεταξύ των γατών κυρίως με περιττώματα μολυσμένων ψύλλων ενώ το βακτήριο έχει απομονωθεί και από άλλα αρθρόποδα όπως κρότωνες και μύγες. Η παθογένεια εξαρτάται τόσο από το στέλεχος του βακτηρίου όσο και από την ανοσολογική απάντηση του μολυσμένου ξενιστή,

Οι περκίοότερες γάτες παραμένουν ασυμπτωματικές ύστερα από φυσική μόλυνση. Σε φυσικά περιστατικά έχουν αναφερθεί ιριδοκυκλίτιδα, χρόνια στοματίτιδα και ενδοκαρδίτιδα. Στα εργαστηριακά ευρήματα περιλαμβάνονται ήπια αναιμία και λευκοκυττάρωση κυρίως στα αρχικά στάδια της νόσου. Στις ορολογικές δοκιμές για την ανίχνευση ειδικών κατά της Bartonella spp. περιλαμβάνονται ο έμμεσος ανοσοφθορισμός και δευτερευόντως η ELISA και η ανοσοαποτύπωση κατά Western. Για την άμεση ανίχνευση του παθογόνου μικροοργανισμού χρησιμοποιούνται μοριακές δοκιμές, κυρίως η PCR, ενώ σπανιότερα χρησιμοποιούνται η κυτταρολογική εξέταση, η ι στο παθολογική και η καλλιέργεια αίματος. II μακροχρόνια χορήγηση αντιμικροβιακών έχει ως αποτέλεσμα τη μείωση του βακτηριακού φορτίου όχι όμως και την πλήρη εξάλειψη του βακτηρίου από τον οργανισμό.

Η Β. henselae είναι ο αιτιολογικός παράγοντας της νόσου από αμυχές της γάτας στον άνθρωπο, λοίμωξη που χαρακτηρίζεται από χρόνια εμμένουσα λεμφαδενοπάθεια ενώ σπανιότερα έχει αναφερθεί προσβολή ήπατος και σπλήνα κυρίως σε άτομα με ανοσοκαταστολή. Το βακτήριο μεταδίδεται από με δήγματα καθώς και αμυχές που προκαλούν γάτες στων οποίων τα νύχια υπάρχουν περιττώματα ψύλλων που φέρουν το βακτήριο. Η πρόληψη έγκειται στον τακτικό αποπαρασιτισμό από τους ψύλλους. Επιπλέον, κοινά μέτρα υγιεινής όπως το πλύσιμο των χεριών μετά την επαφή με γάτες και ο καλός και έγκαιρος καθαρισμός αμυχών και πληγών συνιστούνται ιδιαίτερα σε άτομα αυξημένου κινδύνου.

Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
  • Ενότητα
  • Review Articles
Λήψεις
Τα δεδομένα λήψης δεν είναι ακόμη διαθέσιμα.
Αναφορές
Abbott RC, Chomel BB, Kasten RWt Floyd-Hawkins ΚΛ, Kikuchi Y, Koch 1er JE and Pedersen NC (1997). Experimental and natural infection with Barionella henselae in dome s lie cats. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology, and Infectious Diseases 20{ 1); 41-51
Al-Majali AM (2004). Seroprevalence of and risk factors for Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana infections among pet cats in Jordan, Preventive Veterinary Medicine 64(1); 63-71.
Arvand M, Klose AJ, Schwartz-Porsche D, Hahn H and Wendl C (2001 ) Genetic variability and prevalence of Bartonella henselae in cats in Berlin, Germany, and analysis of its genetic relatcdness to a strain from Berlin that is pathogenic for humans. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39(2): 743-746
Arvand M, Viezens J and Berghoff J (2008). Prolonged Bartonella henselae bacteremia caused by reinfection in cats. Emerging Infectious Diseases 14(1): 152-154.
Avidor B, Graidy M, Efrat G, Leibowilz C, Shapira G, Schallner A, Zimhony Ο and Giladi M (2004). Bartonella koehlerae a new cat-associaled agent of culture-negative human endocarditis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 42(8): 3462-3468.
Baneth G, Kordick DL, Hegarty BC and Breitschwerdt EB (1996). Comparative seroreactivity to Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana among cats from Israel and North Carolina, Veterinary Microbiology 50(1-2): 95-103
Barnes A, Bell SC, Isherwood DR, Bennelt M and Carter SO (2000). Evidence of Bartonella henselae infection in cats and dogs in the United Kingdom. Veterinary Record 147'(24): 673-677.
Bergh K, Bevanger L, Hanssen I and Loseth Κ (2002). Low prevalence of Bartonella henselae infections in Norwegian domestic and feral cats. A Ρ MIS 110(4): 309-314.
Berghoff J, Viezens J, Guptill L, Fabbi M and Arvand M (2007). Bartoneila henselae exists as a mosaic of different genetic variants in the infected host. Microbiology 153(Pl 7): 2045-2051.
Bergmans AM, de Jong CM, van Amerongen G, Schol CS and Schouls LM (1997). Prevalence of Bartonella species in domestic cats in The Netherlands. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35(9): 2256-2261
Birtles RJ, Laycock G, Kenny MJ, Shaw SE and Day M J (2002). Prevalence of Bartonella species causing bacleraemia in domesticated and companion animals in the United Kingdom. Veterinary Record 151(8): 225-229.
Biswas S, Maggi RG, Papich MG, Keil 13 and Breitschwerdt EB (2010) Comparative activity of pradofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and azithromycin against Bartonella henselae isolates collected from cats and a human. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 48(2); 617- 618.
Boulouis HJ, Chang CC, Henn JB, Kaslen RW and Chomel ΒΒ (2005), Factors associated with the rapid emergence of zoonotic Bartonella infections. Veterinary Research 36(3): 383-410.
Bradbury CA and Lappin MR (2010). Evaluation of topical application of 10% imidacloprid-1% moxidectin to prevent Bartonella henselae transmission from cat fleas. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 236(8); 869-873.
Branley J, Wolfson C, Waters P, Gottlieb Τ and Bradbury R (1996). Prevalence of Bartonella henselae bacteremia, the causative agent of cat scratch disease, in an Australian cat population Pathology 28(3): 262-265.
Breitschwerdt Ε Β and Kordick DE (2000), Bartonella infection in animals: carriership, reservoir potential, pathogenicity, and zoonotic potential for human infection. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 13(3): 428-438.
Brunt J, Guptill L, Kordick DL, Kudrak S and Lappin MR (2006), American Association of Feline Practitioners 2006 Panel report on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Bartonella spp. infections, Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 8(4): 213- 226.
Cabassi CS, Farnetti E, Casali Β, Taddei S, Donofrio G, Galvani G and Cavirani S (2002). Isolation of Bartonella henselae from dome s lie cats in an liai ian urban area. New Microbiologica 25(2): 253-257.
Chang CC, Chomel BB, Kasten RW, Romano V and Tietze Ν (2001), Molecular evidence of Bartonella spp. in questing adult Ixodes pacificus ticks in California, Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39(4); 1221-1226
Chang CC, Hayashidani H, Pusterla N, Kasten RW, Madigan JE and Chomel BB (2002). Investigation of Bartonella infection in ixodid ticks from California. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 25(4): 229-236.
Chomcl BB, Abbott RC, Kasten RW, Floyd-Hawkins ΚA, Kass PH, Glaser CA, Pedersen NC and Koehler JE (1995). Bartonella henselae prevalence in domestic cats in California: risk factors and association between bacteremia and antibody titers, Journal of Clinical Microbiology; 33(9): 2445-2450.
Chomel BB, Boulouis ΗJ and Breitschwerdt EB (2004), Cat scratch disease and other zoonotic Bartonella infections* Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 224( 8 ) : 1270-1279
Chomel BB, Boulouis ΗJ, Petersen H, Kasten RW, Yamamoto Κ, Chang CC, Gandoin C, Bouillin C and Hew CM (2002), Prevalence of Bartonella infection in domestic cats in Denmark. Veterinary Research 33(2); 205-213.
Chomel BB, Carlos ET, Kasten RW, Yamamoto Κ, Chang CC, Carlos RS, Abenes MV and Pajares CM ( 1999). Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgciae infection in domestic cats from The Philippines. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 60(4): 593-597.
Chomel BB, Kasten RW, Floyd-Hawkins K, Chi B, Yamamoto Κ, Roberts-Wilson J, Gurfield AN, Abbott RC, Pedersen NC and Koehler JE (1996). Experimental transmission of Bartonella henselae by the cat flea, Journal of Clinical Microbiology 34(8): 1952-1956.
Chomel BB, Kasten RW, Williams C, Wey AC, Henn JB, Maggi R, Carrasco S, Mazet J, Boulouis Η J, Maillard R and Breitschwerdt EB (2009). Bartonella endocarditis: a pathology shared by animal reservoirs and patients, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1166; 120-126
Chomel BB, Kaslen RW, Williams C, Wey AC, Henn JB, Maggi R, Carrasco S, Mazet J, Boulouis HJ} Maillard R and Breitschwerdt EB (2009). Bartonella endocarditis: a pathology shared by animal reservoirs and patients. Ann Ν Y Acad Sci 1166: 120-126.
Chomel BB, Wey AC, Kasten RW, Stacy ΒΛ and Labelle Ρ (2003). Fatal case of endocarditis associated with Bartonella henselae type I infection in a domestic cat. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41(11: 5337-5339.
Chung CY, Kasten RW, Paff SM, Van Horn BA, Vayssier-Taussat M, Boulouis Η J and Chomel Β Β (2004). Bartonella spp. DNA associatcd with biting flics from Ca 1 ifornia, Emerging Infectious Diseases 10(7): 1311-1313.
Chomel BB and Kasten RW (2010), Bartoncllosis, an increasingly recognized zoonosis. Journal! of Applied Microbiology 109(3): 743-750.
Clarridgc JE, 3rd, Raich TJ, Pirwani D, Simon B, Τsai L, Rodriguez- Barradas MC, Regnery R, Zollo A, Jones DC and Ranibo C (1995), Strategy to detect and identify Bartonella species in routine clinical laboratory yields Bartonella henselae from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient and unique Bartonella strain from his cat. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 33(8): 2107-2113
Crissiuma A, Favacho A, Gershony L, Mendes-de-Almeida F, Gomes R, Mares-Guia A, Rozental T, Barreira J, Lemos E and Labarthe Ν (20 J J). Prevalence of Bartonella species DNA and antibodies in cats (Felis catus) submitted to a spay/neuter program in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 1 3(2): 149-151.
Dehio C {200J). Bartonella interactions with endothelial cells and erythrocytes. Trends in Microbiology 9(6): 279-285.
Dietrich F, Schmidgen T, Maggi RG, Richter 13, Matuschka FR, Vonthein R, Breitschwerdt EB and Kempf VA (2010). Prevalence of Bartonella henselae and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato 13N A in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Europe. Applied and Environmental Microbiology76(5): 1395-1398.
Dowers KD and Lappin MR (2005). The association of Bartonella spp. infection in cats with chronic stomatitis (abstract). Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 19:471
Droz S, Chi B, Horn E, Steigerwalt AG, Whitney AM and Brenner DJ (1999), Bartonella kochlernae sp. nov,, isolated from cats. Journal of Clinical Microbiology* 37(4): 1117-1122.
Ebani VV, Cerri D and Andreani E (2002). Cat scratch disease. Survey on the presence of Bartonella henselae among cats of Tuscany. New Microbiologica 25(3): 307-313.
Engback Κ and Lawson ΡΛ (2004), Identification of Bartonella species in rodents, shrews and cats in Denmark: detection of two B. henselae variants, one in cats and the other in the long-tailed field mouse, APMIS 112(6): 336-341
Engvall EO, Brandslrom B, Fermer C, Blomqvist G and Englund L (2003), Prevalence of Bartonella henselae in young, healthy cats in Sweden. Veterinary Record 152( 12): 366-369.
Ermeeva ME, Gerns HL, Lydy SL, Goo JS, Ryan FT, Mathew SS, Ferraro M J, Holden J M, Nicholson WL, Dasch GA and Koechler JE (2007). Bacteremia, fever, and splenomegaly caused by a newly recognized bartonella species. New England Journal of Medicine 356(23): 2381-2387.
Fabbi M, Do Giuli L, Tranquillo M, Bragoni R, Casiraghi M and Genchi C (2004), Prevalence of Bartonella henselae in Italian stray cats: evaluation of serology to assess the risk of transmission of Bartonella to humans. Journal of ClinicaI Microbiology 42( 1 ); 264-268.
Fenollar F and Raoult D (2004). Molecular genetic methods for the diagnosis of fastidious microorganisms. AΡMIS 112( 11-12): 785-807.
Finkelstein JL, Brown TP, O'Reilly KL, Wedincamp J, Jr, and Foil LD (2002). Studies on the growth of Bartonella henselae in the cat flea {Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 39(6): 915-919.
Florin TA, Zaoutis TE and Zaoutis LB (2008). Beyond cat scratch disease: widening spectrum of Bartonella henselae infection, Pediatrics 121(5): el413-1425.
Foil L, Andress E, Freeland RL, Roy AF, Rutledge R, Triche PC and O'Reilly KL (1998), Experimental infection of domestic cats with Bartonella henselae by inoculation of Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) feces. Journal of Medical Entomology 35{5): 625 -628
Fontenelle JP, Hill A, Powell CC and Lappin MR (2005). The association of Bartonella henselae antibodies and uveitis in cats (abstract). Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 19: 436
Foumier PE, Lelievre H, Eykyn SJ, Mainardi JL, Marrie TJ, Brunccl F, Rourc C, Nash J, Clave D, James F, Bcnoit- Lemercier C, Deforges L, Tissot-Dupont H and Raoult D (2001). Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of Bartonella Quintana and Bartonella henselae endocarditis: a study of 48 patients. Medicine 80(4): 245-251.
Glaus T, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Greene C, Glaus Β, Wolfensberger C and Lutz H (1997). Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae infection and correlation with disease status in cats in Switzerland, Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35(11): 2883- 2885.
Greene CE, McDermott M, Jameson PH, Atkins CL and Marks AM (1996). Bartonella henselae infection in cats: evaluation during primary infection, treatment, and rechallenge infection. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 34(7): 1682-1685
Guptill L (2005). Feline Bartonellosis. in: Greene CE, Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat (3rd ed) (St Louis, MO, Saunders-Elsevier): 511-518.
Guptill L (2010a Feline Bartonellosis. Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice 40(6): 1073-1090
Guptill L (2010b). Bartonellosis. Veterinary Microbiology 140(3-4): 347-359.
Guptill L, Slater L, Wu CC, Lin TL, Glickman LT, Welch DF and HogenEsch H (1997), Experimental infection of young specific pathogen-free cats with Bartonella henselae. Journal of Infectious Diseases / 176(1): 206-216.
Guptill L, Wu CC, Glickman L, Turek J, Slater L and HogwenEsch H (2000). Extracellular Bartonella henselae and artifactual intracrythrocytic pseudo infections in experimentally infected cats. Veterinary Microbiology 76(3): 283-290.
Guptill L, Wu CC, HogenEsch H, Slater LN, Glickman N, Dunham A, Symc H and Glickman L (2004), Prevalence, risk factors, and genetic diversity of Bartonella henselae infections in pet cats in four regions of the United States, Journal of Clinical Microbiology 42(2): 652-659.
Gurfield AN, Boulouis HJ, Chomcl BB, Heller R, Kasten RW, Yamamoto Κ and Piémont Y (1997), Coinfection with Bartonella clarridgeiae and Bartonella henselae and with different Bartonella henselae strains in domestic cats, Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35(8): 2120-2123.
Gurfield AN, Boulouis HJ, Chomcl BB, Kasten RW, Heller R, Bouillin C, Gandoin C, Thibault D, Chang CC, Barrat F and Piémont Y (2001). Epidemiology of Bartonella infection in domestic cats in France. Veterinary Microbiology 80(2): 185-198
Haimerl M, Tenter AM, Simon K, Rommel M, Hilger J and Autenricth TB (1999). Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae in cats in Germany. Journal of Medical Microbiology 48(9): 849- 856.
Heller R, Artois M, Xemar V, 13c Bricl 13, Gehin H, Jaulhac B, Monteil H and Piémont Y (1997). Prevalence of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae in stray cats. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35(6): 1327-1331
Higgins JA, Radulovic S, Jaworski DC and Azad AF (1996). Acquisition of the cat scratch disease agent Bartonella henselae by cat fleas {Siphonaptera .Pulicidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 33(3): 490-195
Hjelm R, .McGill S and Blomqvist G (2002). Prevalence of antibodies to Bartonella henselae, B. elizabethae and B. quintana in Swedish domestic cats. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 34(3): 192-196
Jameson P, Greene C, Regnery R, Dry den M, Marks A, Brown J, Cooper J, Glaus Β and Greene R (1995). Prevalent of Bartonella henselae antibodies in pet cats throughout regions of North America, Journal of Infectious Diseases 172(4); 1145-1149
Jensen WA, Fall MZ, Rooney J, Kordick DL and Breilschwerdl EB (2000), Rapid identification and differentiation of Bartonella species using a single-step PCR assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38(5): 1717-1722.
Kabeya H, Maruyama S, Irei M, Takahashi R, Yamashita M and Mikami Τ (2002). Genomic variations among Bartonella henselae isolates derived from naturally infected cats. Veterinary Microbiology £9(2-3); 211 -221.
Kamrani A, Parreira VR, Greenwood J and Prescotl J F (200 8). The prevalence of Bartonella, hemoplasma, und Rickettsia felis infections in domestic cats and in cat fleas in Ontario, Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 72(5):411-419
Kelly PJ, Matthewman LA, Hayter D, Downey S, Wray K, Bryson NR and Raoult 13 (1996), Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae in southern Africa—evidence for infections in domestic cats and implications for veterinarians. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 67(4): 182-187.
Kelring KL, Zuckerman EE and Hardy WD, Jr. (2004). Bartonella: a new etiological agent of feline ocular disease. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 40( 1 ); 6-12
Koehler JE, Glaser CA and Tapperò JW (1994). Rochalimaea henselae infection. A new zoonosis with the domestic cat as reservoir, JAMA 271(7): 531-535.
Koehler JE, Sanchez MA, Tye S, Garrido-Rowland CS, Chen FM, Maurer Τ, Cooper JL, Olson JG, Reingold AL, Hadley WK, Regnery RR and Tapperò JW (2003), Prevalence of Bartonella infection among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with fever. Clinical Inject io us Diseases 37{4): 559-566.
Kordick I3L and Breitschwcrdt EB (1995a), Intracrythrocytic presence of Bartonella henselae. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 33(6): 1655-1656.
Kordick 13L and Breitschwerdt EB ( 1997a), Relapsing bacteremia afler blood transmission of Bartonella henselae to cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research 58(5): 492-497.
Kordick DL and Breitschwerdt EB (1998). Persistent infection of pets within a household with three Bartonella species. Emerging Infectious Diseases 4(2): 325-328.
Kordick DL, Brown TT, Shin Κ and Breitsehwerdt EB (1999). Clinical and pathologic evaluation of chronic Bartonella henselae or Bartonella clarridgeiae infection in cats. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37(5); 1536-1547.
Kordick DL, Wilson KH, Sexton DJ, Hadfield TL, Berkhoff HA and Breitschwerdt EB (1995b), Prolonged Bartonella bacteremia in cats associated with cat-scratch disease patients, Journal of Clinical Microbiology 33( 12): 3245-3251.
La Scola Β, Davoust Β, Boni M and Raoult D (2002), Lack of correlation between Bartonella DNA detection within fleas, serological results, and results of blood culture in a Batonella infected stray cat population. Clin Microbiol Infect 8(6): 345-351.
Lappi η MR and Black JC (1999), Bartonella spp infection as a possible cause of uveitis in a cat. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 214{ 8): 1205-1207, 1200
Lappin MR, Kordick I3L and Breitschwcrdt EB (2000), Bartonella spp antibodies and DNA in aqueous humour of cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 2( I ) ; 61 -68
Leighton FA, Art sob HA, Chu MC and Olson JG (2001). A serological survey of rural dogs and cats on the southwestern Canadian prairie for zoonotic pathogens. Canadian Journal of Public Health. Revue Canadienne de Sante Publique 92( J ): 67-71
Maggi RG, Duncan AW and Breitschwerdt EB (2005). Novel chemically modified liquid medium that will support the growth of seven Bartonella species. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43(6): 2651-2655.
Mandle Ts Einsele H, Schaller M, Neumann 13, Vogel W, Autenrieth IB and Kempf VA (2005). Infection of human CD34+ progenitor cells with Bartonella henselae results in intracrythrocytic presence of B. henselae. Blood 106(4): 1215-1222.
Margileth AM (2000), Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cat Scratch Disease. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2{2): 141-146
Marston EL, Finkel B, Regnery RL, Winoto IL, Graham RR, Wignal S, Simanjuntak G and Olson JG ( 1999). Prevalence of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae in an urban Indonesian cat population. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 6{I); 41-44.
Maruyama S, Hiraga S, Yokoyama E, Naoi M, Tsuruoka Y, Ogura Y, Tamura Κ, Νamba S, Kameyama Y, Nakamura S and Katsube Y (1998), Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii infections among pet cats in Kanagawa and Sailama Prefectures. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 60(9): 997-1000.
Maruyama S, Kabeya H, Nakao R, Tanaka S, Sakai T, Xuan X, Kalsube Y and Mikami Τ (2003). Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae, Toxoplasma gondii, FIV and FcLV infections in domestic cats in Japan. Microbiology and Immunology 47(2): 147-153.
Maruyama S, Nakamura Y, Kabeya H, Tanaka S, Sakai Τ and Kalsube Y (2000). Prevalence of Bartonella henselae, Bartonella clarridgeiae and the 16S rRNA gene types of Bartonella henselae among pet cats in Japan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 62(3); 273-279
Maruyama S, Sakai T, Morita Y, Tanaka S, Kabeya H, Boonmar S, Poapolathep A, Chalarmchaikit T, Chang CC, Kasten RW, Chomel BB and Katsube Y (2001). Prevalence of Bartonella species and 16s rRNA gene types of Bartonella henselae from domestic cats in Thailand. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 65(6): 783-787.
Mietze A, Morick D, Köhler H, Harrus S, Dehio C, Nolte I and Goethe R (2011). Combined MLST and AFLP typing of Bartonella henselae isolated from cats reveals new sequence types and suggests clonal evolution. Veterinary Microbiology 148(2-4): 238-245
Mikolajczyk MG and O'Reilly KL (2000). Clinical disease in kittens inoculated with a pathogenic strain of Bartonella henselae, American Journal of Veterinary Research 61 (4): 375-379.
Monteil M, Durand Β, Bouchouicha R, Petit E, Chomel B, Arvand M, Boulouis HJ and Haddad Ν (2007). Development of discriminatory multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis for Bartonella henselae. Microbiology 153(P( 4): 1141-1148.
Nasirudeen AM and Thong ML (1999). Prevalence of Bartonella henselae immunoglobulin G antibodies in Singaporean cats. Pediatric infectious Disease Journal 1 8(3): 276-278
Noah DL, Brese JS, Gorensek MJ, Rooney JA, Cresanta JL, Regnery RL, Wong J, del Toro J, Olson JG and Childs JE (1995), Cluster of five children with acute encephalopathy associated with cat scratch disease in south Florida, Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 14(10): 866-869
Nutter FB, Dubey JP, Levine JF, Breitschwerdt EB, Ford RB and Stoskopf Μ Κ (2004). Seroprevalences of antibodies against Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii and fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia spp, and Toxocara catì in feral and pet domestic eats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 225(9); 1394-1398
O'Reilly KL, Bauer RW, Freeland RL, Foil LD, Hughes KJ, Ronde KR, Roy AF, Stout RW and Triche PC (1999), Acute clinical disease in cats following infection with a pathogenic strain of Bartonella henselae (LSU 16). Injection and Immunity 67(6); 3066-3072.
Pennisi MG, La Camera Et Giacobbe L, Orandellala BM, Lentini V, Zummo S and Fera MT (2010). Molecular detection of Barionella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae in clinical samples of pet cats from Southern Italy. Research in Veterinary Science 88(3); 379-384.
Pinna Parpaglia ML, Masu G, Masala G, Porcu R, Zobba R, Pintori G and Cocco R (2007). Seroprevalence Bartonella henselae in dogs and cats in Sassari, Veterinary Research Communications 31 Suppl J; 317-320.
Podsiadly E, Sokolowska F and Tylewska-Wierzbanowska S (2003). Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella Quintana infections in Poland in 1998-2001, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 990: 407-108.
Pretorius AM, Kelly PJ, Birtles RJ and Raoult D (1999). Isolation of Bartonella henselae from a serologically negative cat in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Journal of the South African Veterinary Assoc iation 70(4); 154-155
Rampersad JN, Watkins JD, Samlal MS, Deonanan R, Ramsubeik S and Animons DR (2005)t A nested-PCR with an Internal Amplification Control for the detection and differentiation of Bartonella henselae and B. clarridgeiae: an examination of cats in Trinidad. BMC Infect Dis 5: 63.
Regnery R, Martin M and Olson J (1992), Naturally occurring "Rochalimaea henselae" infection in domestic cat. Lancet 340(8818): 557-558
Regnery RL, Rooney JA, Johnson AM, Nesby SL, Manzewitsch P, Beaver Κ and Olson JG (1996). Experimentally induced Bartonella henselae infections followed by challenge exposure and antimicrobial therapy in cats. American Journal of Veterinary Research 57(12); 1714-1719
Rolain JM, Franc M, Davoust Β and Raoult D (2003). Molecular detection of Bartonella quintana, Br koehlerae, Br henselae, B. clarridgeiae, Rickettsia felis, and Wolhachia pipienlis in cat fleas, France. Emerging Infectious Diseases 9 (3); 338 -342
Rolain JM, La Scola Β, Liang Ζ, Davoust Β and Raoult D (2001), Immunofluorescent detection of intraerythrocylic Bartonella henselae in naturally infected cats, Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39(8): 2978-2980.
Rolain JM, Locatelli C, Chabanne L, Davoust Β and Raoult D (2004). Prevalence of Bartonella clarridgeiae and Bartonella henselae in domestic cats from France and detection of the organisms in erythrocytes by immunofluorescence. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 11 (2); 423-425
Roux V, Eykyn SJ, Wyllie S and Raoult D (2000). Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii an agent of afebrile blood culture-negative endocarditis in a human. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 3 8(4):1698-1700.
Roy AF, Corsivel RE, Tapp RA, Oreilly KL and Cox HU (2001). Evaluation and use of a nested polymerase chain reaction assay in cats experimentally infected with Bartonella henselae genotypeΤ and Bartonella henselae genotype TL Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 13(4); 312-322
Sander A, Buhler C, Pelz K, von Gramm E and Bredt W (1997), Detection and identification of two Bartonella henselae variants in domestic cats in Germany. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35(3); 584-587.
Sanogo YO, Zeaiter Z, Caruso G, Merola F, Shpynov S, Brouqui Ρ and Raoult D (2003). Bartonella henselae in Ixodes ricinus ticks {Acari: Ixodida) removed from humans, Belluno province, Italy. Emerging Infectious Diseases 9(3): 329-332.
Schulein R, Scubert A, Gillc C, Lanz C, Hansmann Y, Piémont Y and Dehio C (2001 ). Invasion and persistent intracellular colonization of erythrocytes. A unique parasitic strategy of the emerging pathogen Bartonella. Journal of Experimental Medicine 193(9): 1077-1086.
Seubert A, Schulein R and Dehio C (2002). Bacterial persistence within erythrocytes: a unique pathogenic strategy of Bartonella spp. International Journal of Medical Microbiology 291(6 7): 555-560.
Slater LNS Welch IJFS Henecl D and Coody I)W (1990), A newly recognized fastidious gram-negative pathogen as a cause of fever and bacteremia. New England Journal of Medicine 323(23): 1587-1593.
Solano-Gallego L, Hegarty B, Espada Y, Llull J and Breilschwerdl F (2006), Serological and molecular evidence of exposure to arthropod-borne organisms in cats from northeastern Spain. Veterinary Microbiology 118(3^l•): 274-277
Spach DH and Koehler JE (1998). Bartonella-associated infections. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 12(1 ): 137-155
Stiles J (2011 ). Barlonellosis in cats: a role in uveitis? Vet Ophthalmol 14 Suppl'1:9-14
Ueno H, HohdatsuT, Muramatsu Y, Koyama H and Monta C (1996). Does co in fee I ion of Bartonella henselae and FI V induce clinical disorders in cats'? Microbiology and Immunology 40(9): 617-620
Ueno H, Muramatsu Y, Chomel ΒΒ, Hohdatsu Τ, Koyama Η and Morita C (1995). Serocpidcmiological survey of Bartonella (Rochalimaeai henselae in domestic cats in Japan. Microbiology and Immunology 39(5); 339-341.
Wardrop KJ, Reine Ν, Birkenheuer A, Hale A, Hohenhaus A, Crawford C and Lappin MR (2005). Canine and feline blood donor screening for infectious disease* Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 19(1): 135-142.
Wheeler SWS Wolf SM and Steinberg EA (1997), Cat-scratch encephalopathy. Neurology 49(3): 876-878.
Wiebe V and Hamilton Ρ (2002). Fluoroquinolone-induced retinal degeneration in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 221(11): 1568-1571.
Τα περισσότερο διαβασμένα άρθρα του ίδιου συγγραφέα(s)