Η μπαρτονέλλωση της γάτας. Βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση
Δημοσιευμένα:
Dec 15, 2017
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
γάτα μπαρτονέλλωση Bartonella spp ζωοανθρωπονόσος
Περίληψη
Η μπαρτονέλλωση οφείλεται σε Gram αρνητικά βακτήρια που απομονώνονται συχνά από γάτες παγκοσμίως. Οι γάτες είναι η κύρια δεξαμενή των Bartonella henselae* Β. ciarrìcigeìae και Β, koehlerae που μέσω αυτών μεταδίδονται στον άνθρωπο, ενώ αποτελούν τυχαίο ξενιστή για τα είδη Β, quintana, Β. bovis και Β, ν insanii suhsp. herkhoffii. Μεταδίδεται μεταξύ των γατών κυρίως με περιττώματα μολυσμένων ψύλλων ενώ το βακτήριο έχει απομονωθεί και από άλλα αρθρόποδα όπως κρότωνες και μύγες. Η παθογένεια εξαρτάται τόσο από το στέλεχος του βακτηρίου όσο και από την ανοσολογική απάντηση του μολυσμένου ξενιστή,
Οι περκίοότερες γάτες παραμένουν ασυμπτωματικές ύστερα από φυσική μόλυνση. Σε φυσικά περιστατικά έχουν αναφερθεί ιριδοκυκλίτιδα, χρόνια στοματίτιδα και ενδοκαρδίτιδα. Στα εργαστηριακά ευρήματα περιλαμβάνονται ήπια αναιμία και λευκοκυττάρωση κυρίως στα αρχικά στάδια της νόσου. Στις ορολογικές δοκιμές για την ανίχνευση ειδικών κατά της Bartonella spp. περιλαμβάνονται ο έμμεσος ανοσοφθορισμός και δευτερευόντως η ELISA και η ανοσοαποτύπωση κατά Western. Για την άμεση ανίχνευση του παθογόνου μικροοργανισμού χρησιμοποιούνται μοριακές δοκιμές, κυρίως η PCR, ενώ σπανιότερα χρησιμοποιούνται η κυτταρολογική εξέταση, η ι στο παθολογική και η καλλιέργεια αίματος. II μακροχρόνια χορήγηση αντιμικροβιακών έχει ως αποτέλεσμα τη μείωση του βακτηριακού φορτίου όχι όμως και την πλήρη εξάλειψη του βακτηρίου από τον οργανισμό.
Η Β. henselae είναι ο αιτιολογικός παράγοντας της νόσου από αμυχές της γάτας στον άνθρωπο, λοίμωξη που χαρακτηρίζεται από χρόνια εμμένουσα λεμφαδενοπάθεια ενώ σπανιότερα έχει αναφερθεί προσβολή ήπατος και σπλήνα κυρίως σε άτομα με ανοσοκαταστολή. Το βακτήριο μεταδίδεται από με δήγματα καθώς και αμυχές που προκαλούν γάτες στων οποίων τα νύχια υπάρχουν περιττώματα ψύλλων που φέρουν το βακτήριο. Η πρόληψη έγκειται στον τακτικό αποπαρασιτισμό από τους ψύλλους. Επιπλέον, κοινά μέτρα υγιεινής όπως το πλύσιμο των χεριών μετά την επαφή με γάτες και ο καλός και έγκαιρος καθαρισμός αμυχών και πληγών συνιστούνται ιδιαίτερα σε άτομα αυξημένου κινδύνου.
Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
- Πώς να δημιουργήσετε Αναφορές
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ATHANASIOU (Λ.Β. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΟΥ) L. V., CHATZIS (Μ.Κ. ΧΑΤΖΗΣ) M. K., KONTOU (Ι. B. ΚΟΝΤΟΥ) I. V., KONTOS (Β. I. ΚΟΝΤΟΣ) V. I., & SPYROU (B. ΣΠΥΡΟΥ) V. (2017). Η μπαρτονέλλωση της γάτας. Βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση. Περιοδικό της Ελληνικής Κτηνιατρικής Εταιρείας, 63(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15399
- Τεύχος
- Τόμ. 63 Αρ. 1 (2012)
- Ενότητα
- Review Articles
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Λήψεις
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