Μόλυνση με Campylobacter spp. στους ανθρώπους και τα πτηνά

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Δημοσιευμένα: Jan 29, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15624
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
ορνίθια κρεοπαραγωγής Campylobacter καμπυλοβακτηρίωση τροφιμογενή παθογόνα Ελλάδα πτηνά επιπολασμός παράγοντες κινδύνου
G. NATSOS
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly
K. C. KOUTOULIS
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly
E. SOSSIDOU
Hellenic Agricultural Organization - Demeter, Veterinary Research Institute
M. CHEMALY
Anses, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du travail, UHQPAP, Unité Hygiène et Qualité des produits avicoles et porcins; UEB: Université Européenne de Bretagne
N. K. MOUTTOTOU
Ministry of Rural Development and Foods, National Reference Laboratory of Salmonella and Antimicrobial Resistance
Περίληψη

Το Campylobacter είναι παγκοσμίως αναγνωρισμένο ως η κύρια αιτία της διαρροϊκής, βακτηριακής αιτιολογίας, τροφοδηλητηρίασης. Η μόλυνση μπορεί αν είναι υποκλινικής μορφής ή να προκαλεί ασθένεια διαφορετικής σοβαρότητας. Η κατανάλωση και ο χειρισμός του πλημμελώς μαγειρεμένου ή ωμού ορνίθιου κρέατος έχει αποδειχθεί ως μία από τις πιο σημαντικές πηγές της ανθρώπινης καμπυλοβακτηρίωσης. Τα πτηνά που μεταφέρουν το Campylobacter είναι ασυμπτωματικοί φορείς, χωρίς κλινικά συμπτώματα. Τα ορνίθια κρεοπαραγωγής θεωρούνται ελεύθερα από Campylobacter μετά την εκκόλαψη και μολύνονται με την έκθεση τους στα βακτήρια από το περιβάλλον. Αρκετοί παράγοντες κινδύνου μπορούν να οδηγήσουν στην μόλυνση των σμηνών από Campylobacter, γεγονός που καθιστά πολύ δύσκολο να μείνουν τα σμήνη των πτηνών απαλλαγμένα καθ ‘όλη τη διάρκεια της εκτροφής. Η έλλειψη μέτρων βιοασφάλειας, η εποχή, η ηλικία, πρακτικές αραίωσης του πληθυσμού, το μέγεθος του σμήνους, το είδος του συστήματος παραγωγής, η παρουσία άλλων ζώων στην εκμετάλλευση, η ποιότητα των υδάτων, η παρουσία τρωκτικών και η μηχανική μετάδοση μέσω εντόμων θεωρούνται μερικοί από τους παράγοντες κινδύνου που συνδέονται με την οριζόντια μετάδοση. Ο έλεγχος του Campylobacter στα πτηνά είναι πολύ σημαντικός για τη μείωση των περιστατικών της καμπυλοβακτηρίωσης στους ανθρώπους. Στην Ελλάδα, υπάρχει έλλειψη δεδομένων σχετικά με τον επιπολασμό και τους παράγοντες κινδύνου του Campylobacter στα σμήνη ορνιθίων κρεοπαραγωγής. Έτσι, είναι πολύ σημαντικό να διερευνηθεί αρχικά, ο επιπολασμός του Campylobacter στις πτηνοτροφικές εκμεταλλεύσεις και στα σφάγια πουλερικών και στη συνέχεια, οι παράγοντες κινδύνου σε όλα τα στάδια της παραγωγής του ορνίθιου κρέατος, έτσι ώστε να σχεδιαστούν μελέτες παρέμβασης που θα βοηθήσουν να μειωθούν τα περιστατικά της ασθένειας στον άνθρωπο. Η εργασία αυτή κάνει μια ανασκόπηση των πιο σύγχρονων δεδομένων που έχουν αναφερθεί παγκοσμίως για τη μόλυνση με Campylobacter στους ανθρώπους και τα πτηνά προκειμένου να προσφέρει μια επισκόπηση των τάσεων, των παραγόντων κινδύνου, τις πιθανές αιτίες και των μηχανισμών των οδών μετάδοσης.

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