Anxiety and depression among university nursing students: application of prevention programs


Published: Oct 15, 2020
Keywords:
Nursing students Anxiety disorders Depression Prevention programs Cognitive behavioral therapy
Αγγελική Παναγιωτοπούλου
Αντωνία Α. Πασχάλη
Abstract

This literature review aims to investigate Cognitive Behavioral Programs (CBT) that are applied worldwide and their effectiveness on the prevention of anxiety and depression in nursing students. In the first part of the review, the importance of studying these programs and their application in the nursing population are mentioned. Contemporary
research data on the prevalence of anxiety and depression in nursing students are examined and comparisons are made with studies looking upon general student population of the same age. Factors that
trigger or protect against the onset of these problems are presented. CBT programs are discussed, in relation to anxiety disorders and depression in relevance to the nursing population, while in the later section contemporary research findings of CBT programs that have been applied to nursing students are presented. The results of these programs show that there is a significant decrease of the anxiety and improvement of the students’ mood, which points to the importance of primary prevention in the academic environment in order to ensure students’ mental health and quality of life.

Article Details
  • Section
  • RESEARCH PAPERS
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Αdmi, H. (1997). Nursing students’ stress during the
initial clinical experience. Journal of Nursing
Education, 36(7), 323-327.
Ahmed, I., Banu, H., Al-Fageer, R., & Al-Suwaidi, R.
(2009). Cognitive emotions: depression and
anxiety in medical students and staff. Journal of
Critical Care, 24, 1-18.
American College Association, (2009). National
College Health Assessment. Reference Group.
Executive Summary. American College Health
Association.
Barlow, D. H. (2002). Anxiety and Its Disorders (2η
εκδ.). New York. London: The Guilford Press.
Bayram, N., & Bilgel, N. (2008). The prevalence and
socio-demographic corellations of depression,
anxiety and stress among a group of university
students. social psychiatry. Psychiatric Epide -
miology , 43, 667-672.
Beck, D. L., & Svirastava, R. (1991). Perceived level
and sources of stress in baccalaureate nursing
students. Journal of Nursing Education, 30(3),
-133.
Beddoe, A.E., & Merphy, S.O. (2004). Does mind -
fullness decrease and foster empathy among
nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education,
(7), 305-312.
Blackford, J., & Street, A. (1999). The potential of
“peer” clinical supervision to improve nursing
practice. Clinical Effectiveness in Nursing, 2, 205-
Blanco, C., Okuda, M., Wright, C., Hasiu, D.S., Grant,
B.F., Liu, S.M. et al. (2008). Mental health of
college students and their non-college attending
peers. Results from the national epidemiologic
study of alcohol and related conditions. Archives
of General Psychiatry, 65 (12), 1429-1437.
Burnard, P., Edwards, D., Bennett, K., Thaibat, H.,
Tothova, V., Baldacchino, D. et al. (2008). A
comparative, longitudinal study of stress in
student nurses in five countries: Albania, Brunei
the Czech Republic, Malta and Wales. Nurse
Education Today, 28, 134-145.
Chan, C.K., So, W.K., & Fong, D.Y. (2009). Hong
Kong Baccalaureate nursing students’ stress and
their coping strategies in clinical practice. Journal
of Professional Nursing, 25(5), 307-313.
Clara, A. (1998). Mental health care for students in
higher education. Archives of Public Health, 56,
-79.
Consolo, K., Fusner, S., & Staib, S. (2008). Effects of
diaphragmatic breathing on stress levels of
nursing students. Teaching and Learning in
Nursing, 3, 67-71.
Copeland, L. (1990). Developing student confidence.
Nurse Educator, 15(1), 7.
Cox, B.J., & Taylor, S. (2002). Behavioral group
therapy. Στο M. Hersen, & W. Sledge (Ed).
Encyclopedia of Psychotherapy. USA: Elsevier
Science.
Γιωτάκος, Ο. (2006). Η ψυχική υγεία των σπουδα-
στών. Οδηγός Στήριξης. Αθήνα: Ελληνικά Γράμ-
ματα.
Dobson, K.S., & Kharti, N. (2000). Cognitive
behavioral therapy: looking backward, looking
forward. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 7(56),
-923.
Dozois, D.J., Seeds, P.M., & Collins, K.A. (2009).
Transdiagnostic approaches to preventionod
depression and anxiety. Journal of Cognitive
Psychotherapy, 23(1), 44-59.
Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών.
Τμήμα ΦΠΨ (2006). Εργαστήριο Ψυχολογικής
Συμβουλευτικής Φοιτητών. Απολογισμός Δραστη-
ριοτήτων 2003-2006. Αθήνα: Ελληνικά Γράμματα.
Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών.
Τμήμα ΦΠΨ (2009). Εργαστήριο Ψυχολογικής
Συμβουλευτικής Φοιτητών. Απολογισμός Δρα-
στηριοτήτων 2006-2009. Αθήνα: Πεδίο.
Edwards, D., Burnard, P., Bennett, K., & Hebden, U.
(2010). Α longitudinal study of stress and self-
Αγγελική Παναγιωτοπούλου και Αντωνία Πασχάλη
esteem in student nurses. Nurse Education
Today, 30, 78-84.
Eisenberg, D., Gollust, S. E., Goldberstein, E., &
Hefner, J. L. (2007). Prevelance and correlates of
depression, anxiety and suicidallity among
university students. American Journal of
Orthopsychiatry. , 77(4), 534-542.
Ευθυμίου, Κ., Ευσταθίου, Γ., & Καλαντζή-Αζίζι, Α.
(2007). Πανελλήνια Επιδημιολογική έρευνα ψυχι-
κής υγείας στον φοιτητικό πληθυσμό. Αθήνα: Τό-
πος.
Finkenstein, C., Brownstein, A., Scott, G., & Lan, Y.
(2007). Anxiety and stress reduction in medical
education: an intervention. Medical Education,
, 258-264.
Gibbons, C. (2010). Stress, coping and burn-out in
nursing students. International Journal of Nursing
Studies, DOI:10.1016/j.junurstu.2010.02.015.
Godbey, K.L., & Courage, M.M. (1994). Stressmanagement
program: intervention in nursing
student performance anxiety. Archives of
Psychiatric Nursing, 8(3), 190-199.
Gorostidi, X.Z., Egilegor, X.H., Erice, M.A., Iturriotz,
M.U., Garate, I.E., Lasa, M.B., et al. (2007). Stress
sources in nursing practice. Evolution during
nursing training. Nurse Education Today, 777-
Hunt, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2010). Mental health
problems and help-seeikng behavior among
college students. Journal of Adolescent Health,
, 3-10.
Johansson, N. (1991). Effectiveness of a stress
management program in reducing anxiety and
depression in nursing students. Journal of
American College Health, 40(3), 125-129.
Johansson, N., & Larry, T. (1991). Effectiveness of a
death education program in reducing death
anxiety of nursing students. Journal of Death and
Dying, 22(1), 25-33.
Jones, M.C., & Johnston, D.W. (2000). Redusing
distress in first level student nurses: a review of
the applied stress management literature. Journal
of Advanced Nursing, 32(1), 66-74.
Καλαντζή-Αζίζι, Α. (2001). Η Σημασία της Ψυχολογι-
κής Συμβουλευτικής Φοιτητών. Α΄Διεθνές Συ-
νέδριο του ΕΚΕΠ, Εξελίξεις στη Συμβουλευτική
και τον Επαγγελματικό Προσανατολισμό στην Αυ-
γή του 21ου Αιώνα. Αθήνα: Εθνικό Κέντρο Επαγ-
γελματικού Προσανατολισμού.
Καλαντζή-Αζίζι, Α. (2002). Αυτογνωσία και aυτοδια-
χείριση: Ένα μοντέλο κλινικής πρακτικής και εκ-
παίδευσης ειδικών ψυχικής υγείας και εκπαιδευ-
τικών. Αθήνα: Ελληνικά Γράμματα.
Καλαντζή-Αζίζι, Α., & Καραδήμας, Ε.Χ. (2006). Ομα-
δικές παρεμβάσεις γνωσιακής-συμπεριφοριστι-
κής κατεύθυνσης. Ψυχολογία, 13(1), σσ. 1-17.
Καλαντζή-Αζίζι, Α., Καραδήμας, Ε.Χ., & Σωτηροπού-
λου, Γ. (2001). Ένα πρόγραμμα γνωσιακής-συ-
μπεριφοριστικής ομαδικής παρέμβασης σε φοι-
τητικό πληθυσμό για την ενίσχυση των προσδο-
κιών αυτοαποτελεσματικότητας. Ψυχολογία,
(2), 267-280.
Καλπάκογλου Θ., (1998).Άγχος και Πανικός. Γνωσια-
κή θεωρία και θεραπεία. Αθήνα:
Ελληνικά Γράμματα.
Kang, Y.S., Choi, S.Y., & Ryu, E. (2009). The
effectiveness of a stress coping program based
on mindfulness meditation on the stress, anxiety
and depression experienced by nursing students.
Nurse Education Today, 29, 538-543.
Kanji, N., White, A., & Ernst, E. (2006). Autogenic
training to reduce anxiety in nursing students:
randomized controlled trial. Journal of Adcanced
Nursing, 53(6), 729-735.
Kaplan Η.Ι., Sadock B.J., & Grebb J.A. (2000a). Αγ-
χώδεις Διαταραχές. Ψυχιατρική. Τόμ. Β‘. Αθήνα,
Γουδί: Ιατρικές Εκδόσεις Λίτσας.
Kaplan Η.Ι., Sadock B.J., & Grebb J.A. (2000b). Δια-
ταραχές της διάθεσης. Ψυχιατρική, Τόμ. Β‘. Αθή-
να, Γουδί: Ιατρικές Εκδόσεις Λίτσας.
Karademas, E.C., & Kalantzi-Azizi, A. (2004). The
stress process, self-efficacy expectations, and
psychologiacal health. Personality and Individual
Differences, 37, 1033-1043.
Liu, Y.R., Shiah, I.S., Chang, Y.C., Lai, T.J., Wang,
K.Y., & Chou, K.R. (2004). Evaluation of an
assertiveness training program on nursing and
medical students’ assertiveness, self-esteem and
interpersonal communiacation satisfaction. Nurse
Education Today, 24, 655-665.
MacKenzie, C.S., Poulin, P.A., & Seidman-Carlson, R.
(2006). A brief mindfullness-based stress
reduction intervention for nurses and nurse aides.
Applied Nursing Research, 19, 105-109.
Μαρούδα-Χατζούλη, Α. (2003). Μία πρόταση για ένα
συμβουλευτικό μοντέλο επίλυσης προβλημάτων
προσωπικών διλημμάτων και συγκρούσεων. Ψυ-
χολογία, 10(2-3), 310-329.
Melissa-Halikiopoulou, C., Tsiga, E., Khachatryan, R.,
& Papazisis, G. (2011). Suicidality and depressive
Άγχος και κατάθλιψη στους φοιτητές Νοσηλευτικής 293
symptoms among nursing students in Northern
Greece. Health Sciences Journal, 5(2), 90-97.
Misra, R., & McKean, M. (2000). College students’
academic stress and its relation to their time
management, and leisure satisfaction. Americal
Journal of Health Studies, 16(1), 41-51.
Morim, K.H., & Ashton, K.C. (2004). Research on
faculty orientation programs: guidelines and
directions for nurse educators. Journal of
Proffesional Nursing, 20(4), 239-250.
Moscaritolo, L.M. (2009). Interventional strategies to
decrease nursing student anxiety in the clinical
learning environment. Journal of Nursing Edu -
cation, 48(1), 17-23.
Papadioti-Athanasiou, V., & Kaltsouda, A. (2007).
Epidemiological study of students’ mental health
(The case of University of Ioannina). Στο T.
Giovazolias, E. Karademas, & A. Kalantzi-Azizi
(Eds.), FEDORA-PSYCHE. Crossing Internal and
External Borders:Practices for An Effective
Psychological Counselling in The European
Higher Education. Athens: Ellinika Grammata.
Papazisis, G., Halikiopoulou, M., Tsiga, E., &
Khachatryan, R. (2010). Evaluation of suicidal
behaviour and depression among nursing
students in Northern Greece. European Psy -
chiatry, 25 (Supplement 1).
Papazisis, G., Tsiga, E., Papanikolaou, N., Vlasiadis,
I., & Sapountzi-Krepia, D. (2008). Psychological
distress, anxiety and depression among nursing
students in Greece. International Jurnal of Caring
Sciences, 1(1), 4-46.
Ratanasiripong, P., & Wang, C.C. (2010). Psy -
chological well-being of Thai nursing students.
Nurse Education Today, 1-5.
Sawatzky, J.V. (1998). Understanding nursing
students’ stress: a proposed framework. Nurse
Education Today, 18, 108-115.
Sharif, F., & Armitage, P. (2003). The effect of psy -
chological and educational councelling in
reducing anxiety in nursing students. Journal of
Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 11(4), 386-
Sharif, F., & Masoumi, S. (2005). A qualitive study of
nursing student experiences of clinical practice.
Biomed Central Nursing, 4(6), 1-7.
Σκαπετοράχη, Α. Γ. (2002). Αξιολόγηση του παρεχό-
μενου έργου στο Συμβουλευτικό Κέντρο Φοιτητών
του Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών με έμφαση στη γενική
αντίληψη της υγείας. Αθήνα: Εθνικό Καποδι-
στριακο Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών. Τμήμα Φιλοσο-
φίας, Παιδαγωγικής και Ψυχολογίας, Μεταπτυ-
χιακό Πρόγραμμα Ειδίκευσης στην Κλινική Ψυ-
χολογία.
Suliman, W.A., & Halabi, J. (2007). Critical thinking,
self-esteem, and state anxiety of nursing
students. Nurse Education Today, 27, 162-168.
Vitasari, P., Wahab, M.A., Othman, A., & Awang, M.G.
(2010). The use of study anxiety intervention in
reducing anxiety to improve academic
performance among university students.
International Journal of Psychological Studies,
(1), 89-96.
Watson, R., Deary, I., Thompson, D., & Li, G. (2008).
Α study of stress and burnout in nursing students
in Hong-Kong: A questionnaire survey.
International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45, 1534-
Young, J.E., Weinberger, D., & Beck, A.T. (2001).
Cognitive Therapy for Depression. Στο D.H.
Barlow (Ed.), Clinical Handbook of Psychological
Disorders. New York. London: The Guilford
Press.
Χαρίλα, Ν. (2003). Γνωσιακή Συμπεριφοριστική Θε-
ραπεία: βασικές αρχές, ψυχοθεραπευτικές δε-
ξιότητες και τεχνικές. Αθήνα: Ινστιτούτο Έρευ-
νας και Θεραπείας της Συμπεριφοράς.
Zeidan, F., Johnson, S.K., Diamond, B.J., David, Z., &
Goolkasian, P. (2010). Mindfulness meditation
improves cognition: evidence of brief mental
training. Conciousness and Cognition, 19, 597-
Zivin, K., Eisenberg, D., Collust, S.E., & Goldberstein,
E. (2009). Persistence of mental health problems
and needs in a college student population.
Journal of Affective Disorders, 117, 180-185.