Modeling the protective effects of Positive Emotions against Depression during early COVID-19 quarantine, with a structural equation model (SEM)
Published:
Dec 30, 2021
Keywords:
Broaden and Build Theory COVID-19 depression life satisfaction positive emotions resilience SEM
Abstract
Amidst COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on effective coping strategies is crucial for building resilience to alleviate COVID-19 distress. The purpose of this study was to examine whether positive emotions and resilience mediate the relationship between COVID-19 depression and life satisfaction, controlling for the effect of creative activities and income on depression and non-parenthood on life satisfaction. The study was carried out during the early COVID-19 quarantine in a Greek sample of the general population (N = 759). The following measures were used: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, Short (DASS 9), the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience short (SPANE 8), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. The measurement model had a good fit with adequate model-based reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity. Full measurement invariance to the strict level was established across gender for the measurement model. In parallel, the full SEM model had an equally good fit. Five hypotheses were supported, and one was rejected. Positive emotions and resilience mediated the relationship between COVID-19 depression and life satisfaction, i.e., positive emotions increased life satisfaction within the distressful COVID-19 context by building resilience with moderate effects. The effect of COVID-19 depression on life satisfaction before the mediation effect was -.57, p < .001 (32% explained variance on life satisfaction). After adding the mediation of positive emotions and resilience, the effect of COVID-19 depression on life satisfaction dropped to -.25, p < .001 (43% explained variance on life satisfaction).
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Kyriazos, T., Galanakis, M., Karakasidou, E., & Stalikas, A. (2021). Modeling the protective effects of Positive Emotions against Depression during early COVID-19 quarantine, with a structural equation model (SEM). Psychology: The Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society, 26(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.28853
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