Το νευροβιολογικό υπόστρωμα της νοημοσύνης: Ανατομικά και λειτουργικά χαρακτηριστικά του εγκεφάλου που συνδέονται με γνωστικές ικανότητες


Δημοσιευμένα: giu 15, 2017
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
IQ Νοημοσύνη Νευρωνικό υπόστρωμα Ανατομία εγκεφάλου Λειτουργία Εγκεφάλου
Δήμητρα-Μαρία Τόμπρου
Ελένη Ντόλκα
Μαριέττα Παπαδάτου-Παστού
Περίληψη
Οι σύγχρονες νευροαπεικονιστικές τεχνικές έχουν επιτρέψει την άμεση διερεύνηση του νευροβιολογικού υποστρώματος της νοημοσύνης και έχουν οδηγήσει στην αλματώδη ανάπτυξη της γνώσης μας γύρω από τις ατομικές διαφορές στις γνωστικές λειτουργίες. Η παρούσα ανασκόπηση παρουσιάζει σύγχρονα ευρήματα πάνω στη σχέση της νοημοσύνης με ανατομικά και λειτουργικά χαρακτηριστικά του εγκεφάλου. Αναλυτικότερα, τα ανατομικά χαρακτηριστικά του εγκεφάλου που σχετίζονται με τη νοημοσύνη είναι ο όγκος του εγκεφάλου, το πάχος του φλοιού, η μικροδομή της λευκής ουσίας και το πάχος του μεσολόβιου. Τα λειτουργικά χαρακτηριστικά που σχετίζονται με τη νοημοσύνη συνίστανται στο βαθμό ενεργοποίησης του προμετωπιαίου λοβού και άλλων περιοχών του βρεγματο-μετωπιαίου δικτύου, στην ταχύτητα της νευρωνικής αγωγιμότητας, στο ρυθμό μεταβολισμού της γλυκόζης στον εγκέφαλο και στην κατεύθυνση της εγκεφαλικής πλευρίωσης. Παρουσιάζονται ακόμη σύγχρονες νευροβιολογικές θεωρίες για τη νοημοσύνη και συγκεκριμένα η θεωρία της νευρωνικής αποτελεσματικότητας και η θεωρία της βρεγματο-μετωπιαίας ενσωμάτωσης της νοημοσύνης.
Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
  • Ενότητα
  • ΘΕΩΡΗΤΙΚΕΣ ΑΝΑΣΚΟΠΗΣΕΙΣ
Λήψεις
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