Αναγνώριση σημαίνει ενοχή; Mια ανασκόπηση των παραγόντων επιρροής της επίδοσης των αυτοπτών μαρτύρων

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Δημοσιευμένα: Oct 15, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23608
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Αυτόπτες μάρτυρες Αναγνώριση μαρτύρων Αξιολογικές μεταβλητές Μεταβλητές συστήματος Μεταβλητές εκτίμησης
Άννα Σαγανά
Melanie Sauerland
Περίληψη

Η αυτόπτης μαρτυρία αποτελεί ένα από τα βασικά στοιχεία για την απονομή δικαιοσύνης απαρχής του ποινικού συστήματος. Εντούτοις, όταν πρόκειται να αναγνωρίσουμε πρόσωπα, πολύ συχνά πέφτουμε σε λάθη. Δεν πρέπει να μας ξαφνιάζει λοιπόν το γεγονός ότι η αυτόπτης μαρτυρία καταδεικνύεται ως η πρωταρχική αιτία λανθασμένων καταδικαστικών αποφάσεων (www.innocenceproject.org). Επομένως, είναι ιδιαίτερα σημαντικό να κατανοήσουμε ποιοι λόγοι κάνουν την αυτόπτη μαρτυρία τόσο επιρρεπή σε σφάλματα και με ποιον τρόπο μπορούμε να ενισχύσουμε την αξιοπιστία της. Στο παρόν άρθρο παρουσιάζουμε μια ανασκόπηση των παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν την επίδοση της αναγνώρισης. Συγκεκριμένα θα αναφερθούμε στις μεταβλητές για τις οποίες υπάρχει συναίνεση στον ερευνητικό κόσμο. Σε αυτές περιλαμβάνονται αξιολογικές μεταβλητές, μεταβλητές συστήματος καθώς και μεταβλητές εκτίμησης, οι οποίες μπορούν να βοηθήσουν στην αξιολόγηση της ακρίβειας μιας απόφασης για αναγνώριση, μόλις αυτή επιτευχθεί. Εν προκειμένω, στόχος μας είναι να αναδείξουμε τις παραμέτρους οι οποίες στηρίζονται σε ισχυρή ερευνητική βάση, αλλά έχουν παρ’ όλα αυτά παραμεληθεί από το ελληνικό ποινικό σύστημα. Στηριζόμενοι σε εμπεριστατωμένη έρευνα, εισηγούμαστε μια σειρά μεταρρυθμίσεων και βελτιώσεων στις τρέχουσες διαδικασίες αναγνώρισης υπόπτων, οι οποίες μπορούν να βελτιώσουν την επίδοση των αυτοπτών μαρτύρων.

Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
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  • ΘΕΩΡΗΤΙΚΕΣ ΑΝΑΣΚΟΠΗΣΕΙΣ
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