Η θεραπευτική σχέση στη γνωσιακή συμπεριφοριστική θεραπεία

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Δημοσιευμένα: Jun 7, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.26862
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Αντίσταση Γνωσιακή - συμπεριφοριστική θεραπεία θεραπευτική σχέση θεραπευτική συμμαχία μεταβίβαση – αντιμεταβίβαση ρήξεις στη θεραπευτική συμμαχία
Giorgos Efstathiou
Ινστιτούτο Έρευνας και Θεραπείας της Συμπεριφοράς
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-8909
Περίληψη

Στο άρθρο περιγράφονται οι ιδιαιτερότητες της θεραπευτικής σχέσης στη γνωσιακή συμπεριφοριστική θεραπεία (ΓΣΘ) και ο τρόπος αντιμετώπισης των δυσκολιών στη θεραπευτική διάδραση. Παρουσιάζεται η ιστορική εξέλιξη της κατανόησης της θεραπευτικής σχέσης στο πλαίσιο της ΓΣΘ, από την αρχική θεώρησή της ως μία αναγκαία αλλά όχι ικανή συνθήκη για την επίτευξη της θεραπευτικής αλλαγής  ως τη σύγχρονη θεώρηση ότι η θεραπευτική αλλαγή προκύπτει τόσο από τις τεχνικές, όσο και από την θεραπευτική σχέση. Περιγράφονται ο ρόλος του θεραπευτή και τα ειδικά χαρακτηριστικά της θεραπευτικής συμμαχίας, κεντρικά μεταξύ των οποίων είναι ο συνεργατικός εμπειρισμός και η μαιευτική μέθοδος. Οι δυσκολίες στη θεραπευτική σχέση και οι δυνατότητες αντιμετώπισής τους συζητιούνται στο πλαίσιο των συναφών φαινομένων της αντίστασης, των ρήξεων στη θεραπευτική συμμαχία και της μεταβίβασης – αντιμεταβίβασης. Γίνεται αναφορά στη συλλογιστική πίσω από την τήρηση των ορίων στη θεραπευτική σχέση. Συμπερασματικά, στη ΓΣΘ η ενασχόληση με τη θεραπευτική σχέση δεν είναι τόσο κεντρική όσο σε άλλες προσεγγίσεις και απαρτιώνεται με τις τεχνικές, παρότι γίνονται συνεχείς προσπάθειες βελτίωσης και διεύρυνσης της κατανόησης της θεραπευτικής διάδρασης. Ωστόσο, η θεραπευτική σχέση που αναπτύσσεται στη ΓΣΘ δεν υστερεί συγκριτικά με άλλες προσεγγίσεις και θεωρείται εξίσου σημαντικός μηχανισμός αλλαγής με τις θεραπευτικές τεχνικές.

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