Θεραπευτική σχέση και μακρόχρονη ομαδική συστημική ψυχοθεραπεία: μια ποιοτική προσέγγιση

Manuscript (English)
Δημοσιευμένα: Juni 7, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.26889
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
θεραπευτική σχέση ποιοτική έρευνα προσέγγιση συστημικής ψυχοθεραπείας SANE
Tsabika Bafiti
«Λόγω Ψυχής»-Ινστιτούτο Εκπαίδευσης και Έρευνας στη Συστημική Ψυχοθεραπέια
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-027X
Περίληψη

Η σύγχρονη βιβλιογραφία έχει επισημάνει τη θεραπευτική σχέση ως έναν από τους σημαντικότερους μηχανισμούς ψυχοθεραπευτικής αλλαγής. Οι έρευνες έχουν αναδείξει κάποια χαρακτηριστικά του θεραπευτή, όπως η ενσυναίσθηση, η αποδοχή και η αυθεντικότητα, αλλά και του θεραπευόμενου, όπως η ποιότητα των διαπροσωπικών του σχέσεων και οι προσδοκίες του, τα οποία συμβάλλουν στη θεραπευτική συμμαχία. Ελάχιστα δεδομένα υπάρχουν για τη σημασία της θεραπευτικής σχέσης στη μακρόχρονη ομαδική συστημική ψυχοθεραπεία. Διενεργήθηκαν 10 ημιδομημένες συνεντεύξεις με θεραπευόμενους, οι οποίοι είχαν ολοκληρώσει  μακρόχρονη ομαδική ψυχοθεραπεία με την προσέγγιση SANE – System Attachment Narrative Encephalon®, ένα εμπλουτισμένο μοντέλο συστημικής θεραπείας. Οι συμμετέχοντες είχαν τη δυνατότητα να μιλήσουν για την προσωπική τους θεραπευτική  εμπειρία στην ομάδα 2 με 8 χρόνια μετά την ολοκλήρωσή της. Τα δεδομένα αναλύθηκαν με τη μέθοδο της Ερμηνευτικής Φαινομενολογικής Ανάλυσης. Προέκυψαν τρία βασικά θέματα και έξι υποθέματα που αφορούσαν τη θεραπευτική σχέση. Τα βασικά θέματα ήταν: 1) ο ρόλος του θεραπευτή, με υποθέματα 1.α) ο θεραπευτής ως πηγή ασφάλειας, 1.β) ο θεραπευτής ως γονεϊκό πρότυπο, 2) η λειτουργία του θεραπευτή,  με υποθέματα: 2.α) η έκφραση του συναισθήματος του θεραπευτή, 2.β) η μετάβαση του θεραπευόμενου από την εξάρτηση στην αυτονομία και 3) ιδιότητες του θεραπευτή, με υποθέματα 3.α) η προσωπικότητα του θεραπευτή, 3.β) η επάρκεια του θεραπευτή στον επαγγελματικό του ρόλο. Η μελέτη αποσκοπεί να συνεισφέρει στο ερευνητικό πεδίο της διεργασίας της μακρόχρονης ομαδικής ψυχοθεραπείας, αξιοποιώντας την εμπειρία των θεραπευόμενων για να διαφωτιστούν  οι παράμετροι της θεραπευτικής σχέσης που εκείνοι θεώρησαν πιο σημαντικές και βοηθητικές.

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