The Relationship of Social Media Use with Athletes Personal and Sports Knowledge
Published:
Sep 16, 2024
Keywords:
social networking and personality social networking and sport competitive confidence and social networking social networking and sport competition anxiety
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to study the relationship of the use of social media (s.m) with the personal and sports characteristics of athletes. The purpose of the work is, also, to identify any possible differences in terms of the use of the Social Media depending on their demographic characteristics. 219 athletes, male and female, participated in the research and four questionnaires were administered to collect the data. The results identified that conscientiousness and neuroticism are related, with a weak link, to the use of the s.m. The above personal characteristics are linked to the Five Factors personality theory and are considered resistant to time and place. It was also appeared that the use of the s.m do not explain the variation in competitive anxiety and sports self-confidence of the athletes. In addition, the use of s.m did not differ by the age of the athletes, while it appeared to differ by gender, with men reporting higher use than women. Finally, statistically significant differences emerged between the athletes competing at the local, national, international and Olympic level. It appeared that athletes of international competitive level make more use of the s.m.
Article Details
- How to Cite
-
Ntaikou, M., Roussos, P., & Psychountaki, M. (2024). The Relationship of Social Media Use with Athletes Personal and Sports Knowledge. Αutomaton: Journal of Digital Media and Culture, 3(1), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.12681/automaton.38849
- Section
- Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors wishing to publish articles in this journal agree to the following terms:
1. The Authors retain the Copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication while at the same time the copyright of the work is protected under the Creative Commons Attribution License which allows third party licensees to use the work as they wish provided they acknowledge the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors may enter into separate additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the published journal version of the work (for example, posting it to an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), with acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are allowed and encouraged to post their work online before and during the submission process (e.g. on their website) as this can lead to productive exchanges as well as earlier and more citations of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Allen, Mark S. Greenlees, I. & Jones, M. 2013. «Personality in sport: A comprehensive review». International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 6(1): 184-208.
Allport, Gordon W. & Odbert, Henry S. 1936. «Trait-names: A psycho-lexical study». Psychological Monographs 47(1), i.
Andrews, Nadia P. Yogeeswaran, Kumar. Wang, Meng - Jie, Nash, Kyle. Hawi, Diana R. & Sibley Chris G. 2020. «Is Social Media Use Changing Who We Are? Examining the Bidirectional Relationship Between Personality and Social Media Use». Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 23(11): 752-760.
Boyd, Danah M. & Ellison, Nicole B. 2007. «Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship». Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication 13(1): 210-230.
Bray, R. Steven. Martin, Kathleen A. & Widmeyer, Neil W. 2000. «The relationship between evaluative concerns and sport competition state anxiety among youth skiers». Journal of Sports Sciences 18(5): 353-361.
Browning, Blair. & Sanderson, Jimmy. 2012. «The positives and negatives of Twitter: Exploring how student-athletes use Twitter and respond to critical tweets». International Journal of Sport Communication 5(4): 503-521.
Cervone, Daniel. & Pervin, Lawrence A. 2015. Personality: Theory and research. NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Cheng, K. Wen- Nuan. Hardy, Lew & Markland, David. 2009. «Toward a three-dimensional conceptualization of performance anxiety: Rationale and initial measurement development». Psychology of Sport and Exercise 10(2): 271-278.
Correa, Teresa. Bachmann, Ingrid. Hinsley, Amber W. & De Zúñiga, Homero G. 2013. «Personality and social media use». Στο Organizations and social networking: Utilizing social media to engage consumers 41-61. IGI Global.
Correa, Teresa. Hinsley, Amber W. & De Zúñiga, Homero G.2010. «Who interacts on the Web?: The intersection of users’ personality and social media use». Computers in Human Behavior 26(2): 247-253.
Costa, Paul T Jr. & McCrae, Robert R. 2008. «The Revised Neo Personality Inventory (neo-pi-r)». In G. J. Boyle, G. Matthews, & D. H. Saklofske (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of personality theory and assessment, Vol. 2. Personality measurement and testing, 179- 198. Sage Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849200479.n9
Costa, Paul T Jr. McCrae, Robert R. & Dye, David A. 1991. «Facet scales for agreeableness and conscientiousness: A revision of the neo Personality Inventory». Personality and Individual Differences 12(9): 887-898.
Costa, Paul T Jr. & McCrae, Robert R. 1989. «neo five-factor inventory (neo-ffi)». Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, 3.
Costa, Paul T Jr. & McCrae, Robert R. 1992. «Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The neo Personality Inventory». Psychological Assessment 4(1): 5.
Δημητριάδου, Διοδώρα. & Αναστάσιος Σταλίκας. 2011. «Ερωτηματολόγιο Πέντε Παραγόντων Προσωπικότητας neo, Τύπος: Αυτοαναφορά (neo Five-Factor Inventory, neo- ffi, Form S)». Στο Ανθολόγιο: Α. Σταλίκας, Σ. Τριλίβα, & Π. Ρούσση (Επιμ., Τα Ψυχομετρικά Εργαλεία στην Ελλάδα (2η έκδ,). Αθήνα: Πεδίο.
Dowd, R. & Innes John. 1981a. «Sport and personality: Effects of type of sport and level of competition». Perceptual and Motor skills 53(1): 79-89.
Dowd, R. & Innes John. 1981b. «Sport and personality: Effects of type of sport and level of competition». Perceptual and Motor skills 53(1): 79-89.
Ellison, B. Nicole, Steinfield, Charles. & Lampe, Cliff. 2007. «The benefits of Facebook “friends:” Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites». Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12(4): 1143-1168.
Elphinston, Rachel A. & Noller, Patricia. 2011. «Time to face it! Facebook intrusion and the implications for romantic jealousy and relationship satisfaction». Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 14(11): 631-635.
Encel, Kim. Mesagno, Christopher. & Brown, Helen. 2017. «Facebook use and its relationship with sport anxiety». Journal of Sports Sciences 35(8): 756-761.
Eysenck, Hans J. 1970/2013. The structure of human personality (Psychology Revivals). Routledge.
Eysenck, Hans J. Nias, David K.B. & Cox, David N. 1982. «Sport and personality». Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy 4(1): 1-56.
Fernandez, C. Katya, Levinson, Cheri A. & Rodebauh, Thomas L. 2012. «Profiling: Predicting Social Anxiety From Facebook Profiles». Social Psychological and Personality Science 3(6): 706-713. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550611434967
Fitriana, Mimi. & Xin, Tan Yan. 2019. «The athlete performance management: An impact of self-integrity, family supports and social media». Journal of Education and Social Science 12(5): 54-63.
Ζέρβας, Ιωάννης. & Κάκκος, Βασίλειος. 1990. «Εγκυρότητα και αξιοπιστία του ερωτηματολογίου αγωνιστικού χαρακτηριστικού άγχους (scat) σε ελληνικό πληθυσμό». Αθλητική Ψυχολογία 4: 3-24.
Galli, Nick. & Vealey, Robin S. 2008. “«Bouncing back» from adversity: Athletes’ experiences of resilience”. The Sport Psychologist 22(3): 316-335.
Geurin, Andrea N. 2017. «Elite female athletes’ perceptions of new media use relating to their careers: A qualitative analysis». Journal of Sport Management 31(4): 345-359.
Gil de Zúñiga, Homero. Diehl, Trevor. Huber, Briitte. & Liu, James. 2017. «Personality traits and social media use in 20 countries: How personality relates to frequency of social media use, social media news use, and social media use for social interaction». Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 20(9): 540-552.
Gorrell, Elyse. 2018. «The Impact of Social Media on Athletes’ Self-Efficacy». (Unpublished master΄s thesis). Brock University, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, St. Catharines, Ontario. Available from https://dr.library.brocku.ca/bitstream/handle/10464/13673/brock Gorrell Elyse 2018.pdf?sequences=1
Hanton, Sheldon. Mellalieu, Stephen D. & Hall, Ross. 2004. «Self-confidence and anxiety interpretation: A qualitative investigation». Psychology of sport and exercise 5(4): 477-495.
Hawi, Nazir S. & Samaha Maya. 2017. «The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students». Social Science Computer Review 35(5): 576-586.
Hayes, Michelle. Filo, Kevin. Guerin, Andrea. Riot, Caroline. 2020. «An exploration of the distractions inherent to social media use among athletes». Sport Management Review 23(5): 852-868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2019.12.006
John, Oliver P. & Srivastava, Sanjay. 1999. «The Big-Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives» (τ. 2). University of California: Berkeley.
Kavanagh, Emma. Jones, Ian. & Marks, Lucy - Sheppard. 2016. «Towards typologies of virtual maltreatment: Sport, digital cultures & dark leisure». Leisure Studies 35(6): 783-796.
Lanzante, John R. 1996. «Resistant, robust and non‐parametric techniques for the analysis of climate data: Theory and examples, including applications to historical radiosonde station data». International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 16(11): 1197-1226.
Leary, Mark R. 1992. «Self-presentational processes in exercise and sport». Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 14(4): 339-351.
Lettenmaier, Dennis P. 1976. «Detection of trends in water quality data from records with dependent observations». Water Resources Research 12(5): 1037-1046.
Lundqvist, Carolina. & Hassmén, Peter. 2005. «Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2): Evaluating the Swedish version by confirmatory factor analyses». Journal of Sports Sciences 23(7): 727-736.
Magnusson, David. 1999. «Holistic interactionism: A perspective for research on personality development». In L.A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research, 219-247: Guilford Press.
Martens, Rainer. 1977. «Sport competition anxiety test». Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Masten, Robert. TusaK, Matej. & Faganel, Manca. 2006. «Impact of identity on anxiety in athletes». Kinesiology 38(2): 126-134.
McAuley, Edward. 1985. «Modeling and self-efficacy: A test of Bandura›s model». Journal of Sport Psychology 8: 283-295.
McCrae, Robert R. 2002. «The maturation of personality psychology: Adult personality development and psychological well-being». Journal of Research in Personality 36(4): 307-317.
McCrae, Robert R. Costa, Paul T. de Lima, Margarida Pedroso. Simoes, Antόnio. Ostendorf, Fritz. Angleitner, Alois. Marusic, Iris. Bratko, Denis. Caprara, Gian Vittorio. Barbaranelli, Glaudio. Chae, Joon - Ho & Piedmont, Ralph L. 1999. «Age differences in personality across the adult life span: Parallels in five cultures». Developmental Psychology 35(2): 466.
Mesagno, Christopher. Harvey, Jack T. & Janelle Christopher M. 2012. «Choking under pressure: The role of fear of negative evaluation». Psychology of Sport and Exercise 13(1): 60-68.
Nicholls, R. Adam. Polman, Remco. & Levy Andrew R. 2010. «Coping self-efficacy, pre-competitive anxiety, and subjective performance among athletes». European Journal of Sport Science 10(2): 97-102.
Özgüven, Nihan. & Mucan, Burcu. 2013. «The relationship between personality traits and social media use». Social Behavior and Personality: an International Journal 41(3): 517-528.
Piepiora, Pawel. Kazimierz, Witkowski. & Piepiora Zbigniew. 2018. «Personality Profiles of Karate Masters Practising Different Kumite Styles». Archives of Budo 14: 247-257.
Piepiora, Pawel. & Kazimierz, Witkowski. 2020a. «Personality Profile of Combat Sports Champions against Neo-gladiators». Archives of Budo 16: 281-293.
Piepiora, Pawel. 2021a. «Personality Profile of Individual Sports Champions». Brain and Behavior 11(6).
Piepiora, Pawel. 2021b. «Assessment of Personality Traits Influencing the Performance of Men in Team Sports in Terms of the Big Five». Frontiers in Psychology 12.
Ρούσσος, Πέτρος. Ανδριανός, Παναγιώτης. Βέβα, Λουκία. Γιαννοπούλου, Γεωργία. Γουρέλη, Μαρία Ελένη. Ζουρίδη, Γεωργία Σεμέλη. Κακλαμάνης, Λάζαρος. Λαδοπούλου, Κωνσταντίνα. Λαμπροπούλου, Σοφία. Μπεκιάρη, Μαρίνα. Νικολακάκη, Ραφαέλα. & Σιαφαρίκα, Χρυσή. 2021, Ιούνιος 10. «Παθολογική χρήση του διαδικτύου κατά την πανδημία από παιδιά και εφήβους» [Προφορική Παρουσίαση]. Κέντρο Αριστείας του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών, Αθήνα, Ελλάδα.
Raacke, John. & Bonds-Raacke, Jennifer. 2008. «MySpace and Facebook: Applying the uses and gratifications theory to exploring friend-networking sites». Cyberpsychology & Behavior 11(2): 169-174.
Rimé, Bernard. 2009. «Emotion elicits the social sharing of emotion: Theory and empirical review». Emotion Review 1(1): 60-85.
Ruffer, William A. 1976a. «Three studies of personality: Undergraduate students in physical education». Perceptual and Motor Skills 43(2): 671-677.
Ruffer, William A. 1976b. «Two studies of personality: Female graduate students in physical education». Perceptual and Motor Skill, 42(3_suppl): 1268-1270.
Ruggiero, Thomas E. 2000. «Uses and gratifications theory in the 21st century». Mass Communication & Society 3(1): 3-37.
Sanderson, Jimmy. & Truax, Carrie. 2014. «“I hate you man!”: Exploring maladaptive parasocial interaction expressions to college athletes via Twitter». Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics 7: 333-351.
Smith, Matthew J. Arnold, Rachel. & Thelwell, Richard C. 2018. «“There’s no place to hide”: Exploring the stressors encountered by elite cricket captains». Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 30(2): 150-170.
Somer, Oya. & Goldberg, Lewis R. 1999. «The structure of Turkish trait-descriptive adjectives». Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76(3): 431.
Spielberger, Charles D. 1983. «State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults». Palo Alto, CA: Mind Garden.
Vealey, Robin S. 2002. «Personality and sport behavior». In T. S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport psychology, 43-74. Human Kinetics.
Williams, Matthew. Hudson, Joanne, Lawson, Romy J. 1999. «Self-Presentation In Sport: Initial Development Of A Scale For Measuring Athletes competitive Self-Presentation Concerns». Social Behavior and Personality: an International Journal 27(5): 487-502.
Woodman, Tim. & Hardy, Lew. 2003. «The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence upon sport performance: A meta-analysis». Journal of Sports Sciences 21(6): 443-457.
Ψυχουντάκη, Μαρία. 1998. «Αυτοπεποίθηση: Ένα εννοιολογικό μοντέλο μελέτης της απόδοσης νεαρών αθλητών». Διδακτορική διατριβή: τεφαα Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών.
Ψυχουντάκη, Μαρία. & Ζέρβας, Ιωάννης. 1998. «Δημιουργία και έλεγχος των ψυχομετρικών χαρακτηριστικών του ερωτηματολογίου αθλητικής αυτοπεποίθησης νεαρών αθλητών». Στο Ι. Θεοδωράκης, Μ. Γούδας & Κ. Μπαγιάτης (Επιμ.), Πρακτικά 2ου Διεθνούς/5ου Πανελληνίου Συνεδρίου Αθλητικής Ψυχολογίας, 234-236: Τρίκαλα.
Zaki, Jamil. & Williams, Craig W. 2013. «Interpersonal emotion regulation». Emotion 13(5): 803.
