Γλωσσικές δεξιότητες που επηρεάζουν την κατανόηση του μεταφορικού λόγου σε μαθητές με και χωρίς αναγνωστικές δυσκολίες.


Δημοσιευμένα: Mar 1, 2026
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
μεταφορικός λόγος αναγνωστικές δυσκολίες τυπική ανάπτυξη δομικές γλωσσικές δεξιότητες αναγνωστική κατανόηση
Γιώργος Κριτσωτάκης
Ελένη Μορφίδη
Περίληψη

Στόχος της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν να διερευνηθεί η ικανότητα κατανόησης του μεταφορικού λόγου σε παιδιά τυπικής ανάπτυξης (ΤΑ) με και χωρίς αναγνωστικές δυσκολίες, σε σχέση με τις δομικές γλωσσικές δεξιότητες, την αναγνωστική κατανόηση (ΑΚ) και μη γλωσσικές παραμέτρους (χρονολογική ηλικία, γνωστική ικανότητα). Το δείγμα περιλάμβανε 134 μαθητές από τις τρεις τελευταίες τάξεις του δημοτικού σχολείου (Μ.Ο. = 10.5 έτη, Τ.Α. = .96). Με βάση την επίδοση στην ΑΚ, 67 μαθητές με χαμηλή αναγνωστική επίδοση (ΧΑΕ) εξισώθηκαν με 67 συνομηλίκους τους με υψηλή αναγνωστική επίδοση (ΥΑΕ) ως προς την ηλικία, το φύλο και τη μη λεκτική γνωστική ικανότητα. Στους συμμετέχοντες χορηγήθηκαν δοκιμασίες που αξιολογούσαν τη μεταφορική ικανότητα, το λεξιλόγιο, τη μορφολογία - σύνταξη, καθώς και την ΑΚ. Τα αποτελέσματα ανέδειξαν σημαντικά χαμηλότερες επιδόσεις στην κατανόηση του μεταφορικού λόγου, τη μορφοσυντακτική ικανότητα και την ΑΚ για τα παιδιά με ΧΑΕ, σε σύγκριση με τους συνομηλίκους τους με ΥΑΕ, ενώ δεν παρατηρήθηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές στο προσληπτικό λεξιλόγιο. Και για τις δύο ομάδες, ως παράγοντες πρόβλεψης της μεταφορικής ικανότητας αναδείχθηκαν η μορφολογία – σύνταξη και η χρονολογική ηλικία. Τα ευρήματα της μελέτης προβάλλουν τη σημαντική συμβολή των γλωσσικών δεξιοτήτων στη διαμόρφωση της δυνατότητας αποκωδικοποίησης του μεταφορικού λόγου, σε συνάρτηση με την ηλικία, παράγοντες που πρέπει να λαμβάνονται υπόψη για ερευνητικούς και παιδαγωγικούς σκοπούς.

Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
  • Ενότητα
  • Άρθρα
Λήψεις
Τα δεδομένα λήψης δεν είναι ακόμη διαθέσιμα.
Αναφορές
Airenti, G. (2017). Pragmatic Development. In L. Cummings (Ed.), Research in Clinical Pragmatics (pp. 3-28). UK: Springer International Publishing.
Alexiadou, A., & Anagnostopoulou, E. (2000). Review article: Greek syntax: A principles and parameters perspective. Journal of Greek Linguistics, 1(1), 171–222, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/jgl.1.09ale
Andrés-Roqueta, C., & Clemente, R. A. (2019). Idiom understanding competence of Spanish children with Specific Language Impairment and Pragmatic Language Impairment. In, E. Aguilar-Mediavilla, L. Buil-Legaz, R. López-Penadés, V. A. Sanchez-Azanza & D. Adrover-Roig (Eds), Atypical Language Development in Romance Languages (pp. 114-126). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Andrés-Roqueta, C., Garcia-Molina, I., & Flores-Buils, R. (2021). Association between CCC-2 and structural language, pragmatics, social cognition, and executive functions in children with developmental language disorder. Children-Basel, 8(2), 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/children8020123
Bernicot, J., Laval, V., & Chaminaud, S. (2007). Nonliteral language forms in children: in what order are they acquired in pragmatics and metapragmatics? Journal of Pragmatics, 39(12), 2115-2132, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2007.05.009
Bishop, D. V. M., & Snowling, M. J. (2004). Developmental Dyslexia and Specific Language Impairment: Same or Different? Psychological Bulletin, 130(6), 858–886, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.858
Brimo, D., Lund, E., & Sapp, A. (2018). Syntax and reading comprehension: A meta-analysis of different spoken-syntax assessments. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 53(3), 431–445, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12362
Cacciari, C., & Padovani, R. (2012). The Development of Figurative Language. In M. J. Spivey, M. Joanisse, & K. McRae (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Psycholinguistics (pp. 505-522). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Cacciari, C., & Tabossi, P. (1988). The comprehension of idioms. Journal of Memory & Language, 27(6), 668-683, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-596X(88)90014-9
Cain, K., & Towse, A. S. (2008). To get hold of the wrong end of the stick: reasons for poor idiom understanding in children with reading comprehension difficulties. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 51(6), 1538-1549, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2008/07-0269)
Cain, K., Oakhill, J., & Lemmon, K. (2005). The relation between children’s reading comprehension level and their comprehension of idioms. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 90(1), 65-87, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2004.09.003
Cain, K., Towse, A. S., & Knight, R. S. (2009). The development of idiom comprehension: An investigation of semantic and contextual processing skills. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 102(3), 280-298, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2008.08.001
Cappelli, G., Noccetti, S., Simi, N. Giorgio Arcara, G., & Bambini, V. (2022). Dyslexia and Pragmatic Skills. In G. Cappelli & S. Noccetti (eds.), A Linguistic Approach to the Study of Dyslexia (pp. 240–264). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Cardillo, R., Basso Garcia, R., Mammarella, I. C., and Cornoldi, C. (2018) Pragmatics of language and theory of mind in children with dyslexia with associated language difficulties or non-verbal learning disabilities. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 7(3), 245-256, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2017.1297946
Chahboun, S., Vulchanov, V., Saldaña, D., Eshuis, H., & Vulchanova, M. (2016). Can you play with fire and not hurt yourself? A comparative study in figurative language comprehension with individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder. PLoS ONE, 11(12), e0168571, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168571
Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, D. M. (2007). Peabody picture vocabulary test (4th ed.). Circle Pines: American Guidance Service.
Duthie, J. K., Nippold, M. A., Billow, J. L., & Mansfield, T. C. (2008). Mental imagery of concrete proverbs: A developmental study of children, adolescents, and adults. Applied Psycholinguistics, 29(1), 454-473, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716408080077
Farnia, F. (2018). Figurative language development: Implications for assessment and clinical practice. In A. Bar-On & D. Ravid (Eds.), Handbook of Communication Disorders: Theoretical, Empirical, and Applied Linguistic Perspectives (pp.137-154). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.
Green, B. C., Johnson, K. A., & Bretherton, L. (2014). Pragmatic Language Difficulties in Children with Hyperactivity and Attention Problems: An Integrated Review. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 49(1),15-29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12056
Kaiser, N. C., Lee, G. J., Lu, P. H., Mather, M. J., Shapira, J., Jimenez, E., … Mendez, M. F. (2013). What dementia reveals about proverb interpretation and its neuroanatomical correlates. Neuropsychologia, 51(9), 1726–1733, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.201
Kalandadze, T., Braeken, J., Brynskov, C., & Næss, K.-A. B. (2022). Metaphor comprehension in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Core language skills matter. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(1), 316-326, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04922-z
Kasirer, A., & Mashal, N. (2017). Comprehension and Generation of Metaphoric Language in Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Dyslexia. Dyslexia, 23(2), 99-118, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/dys.1550
Kritsotakis, G., & Morfidi, E. (2024). Reading Comprehension and Linguistic Abilities of Children with and without Specific Learning Difficulties: Theoretical and Educational Implications. Education Sciences, 14(8), 884, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14080884
Laval, V. (2003). Idiom comprehension and metapragmatic knowledge in French children. Journal of Pragmatics, 35(5), 723–739, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00137-6
Levorato, M. C., & Cacciari, C. (1995). The effects of different tasks on the comprehension and production of idioms in children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 60(2), 261-283, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1995.1041
Levorato, M. C., Nesi, B., & Cacciari, C. (2004). Reading comprehension and understanding idiomatic expressions. A developmental study. Brain & Language, 91(3), 303-314, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2004.04.002
Levorato, M. C., Roch, M., & Nesi, B. (2007). A longitudinal study of idiom and text comprehension. Journal of Child Language, 34(3), 473-494, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000907008008
Lundblom, E. E. G., & Woods, J. J. (2012). Working in the Classroom. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 33(4), 202–219, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1525740111404927
Marinis, T., Terzi, A., Kotsopoulou, A., & Francis, K. (2013). Pragmatic abilities of high- functioning Greek-speaking children with autism. Psychology, 20(3), 321-337, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23544
Mashal, N., & Kasirer, A. (2011). Thinking maps enhance metaphoric competence in children with autism and learning disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(6), 2045-2054, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.08.012
Matthews, D., Biney, H., & Abbot-Smith, K. (2018). Individual differences in children’s pragmatic ability: A review of associations with formal language, social cognition, and executive functions. Language Learning and Development, 14(3), 186–223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15475441.2018.1455584
Mokhtari, K. & Niederhauser, D. S. (2013). Vocabulary and syntactic knowledge factors in 5th grade students’ reading comprehension. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 5(2), 157–170. Retrieved from: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1720064226?accountid=14744.
Morsanyi, K., & Stamenkovi, D. (2021). Idiom and proverb processing in autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Cultural Cognitive Science, 5(3), 367–387, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41809-021-00079-4
Nation, K., Clarke, P., Marshall, C. M., & Durand, M. (2004). Hidden Language Impairments in Children. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 47(1), 199-211, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2004/017)
Nippold, M. A. (1985). Comprehension of figurative language in youth. Topics in Language Disorders, 5(3), 1-20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00011363-198506000-00004
Nippold, M. A. (1991). Evaluating and enhancing idiom comprehension in language- disordered students. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 22(3), 100-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2203.100
Nippold, M. A. (2006). Language development in school-age children, adolescents and adults. In K. Brown (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (Vol. 6, 2nd ed.) (pp. 368-372). Oxford, UK: Elsevier Publishing.
Nippold, M. A., & Duthie, J. K. (2003). Mental imagery and idiom comprehension: a comparison of school-age children and adults. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 46(4), 788-799, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2003/062)
Nippold, M. A., & Taylor, C. L. (1995). Idiom understanding in youth: Further examination of familiarity and transparency. Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 38(2), 426-433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3802.426
Nippold, M. A., & Taylor, C. L. (2002). Judgments of idiom familiarity and transparency: A comparison of children and adolescents. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 45(2), 384–391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/030)
Nippold, M. A., Allen, M. M., & Kirsch, D. I. (2001). Proverb comprehension as a function of reading proficiency in preadolescents. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 32(2), 90-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2001/009)
Nippold, M. A., Martin, S. A., & Erskine, B. J. (1988). Proverb comprehension in context: a developmental study with children and adolescents. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 31(1), 19-28, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3101.19
Nippold, M. A., Moran, C., & Schwarz, I. E. (2001). Idiom understanding in preadolescents: Synergy in action. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 10(2), 169-180, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2001/016)
Norbury, C. F. (2004). Factors supporting idiom comprehension in children with communication disorders. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 47(5), 1179-1193, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2004/08)
Norrick, N. R. (2014) Subject area, terminology, proverb definitions, proverb features. In H. Hrisztova-Gotthardt, & M. A. Varga (Eds), Introduction to paremiology: a comprehensiveguide to proverb studies (pp. 7-27). Warsaw/Berlin: De Gruyter Open.
Oakhill, J., Cain, K., & Nesi, B. (2016). Understanding of Idiomatic Expressions in Context in Skilled and Less Skilled Comprehenders. Scientific Studies of Reading, 20(2), 124-139, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2015.1092973
Παντελιάδου, Σ., & Αντωνίου, Φ. (2008α). Τεστ Ανάγνωσης-Α (Τεστ-Α). ΕΠΕΑΕΚ: Υ.ΠΑΙ.Θ.
Perfetti, C., & Stafura, J. (2014). Word Knowledge in a Theory of Reading Comprehension. Scientific Studies of Reading, 18(1), 22–37, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2013.827687
Pouscoulous, N. (2014). “The elevator’s buttocks”: Metaphorical abilities in children. In D. Matthews (Ed.), Pragmatic Development in First Language Acquisition (pp. 239-260). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Pouscoulous, N., & Perovic, A. (2023). Linguistic Skills and Socioeconomic Status: Two Oft Forgotten Factors in Child Metaphor Comprehension. Children, 10(12), 1847, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/children10121847
Quinn, J. M., Wagner, R. K., Petscher, Y., Roberts, G., Menzel, A. J., & Schatschneider, C. (2020). Differential codevelopment of vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension for students with and without learning disabilities. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(3), 608–627, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000382
Ralli, A. (2003). Review article: Morphology in Greek Linguistics: The State of the Art. Journal of Greek Linguistics, 4(1), 77–129, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/jgl.4.09ral
Σιδερίδης, Γ., Αντωνίου, Φ., Μουζάκη, Α., & Σίμος, Π. (2015). Raven’s educational CPM/CVS-Στάθμιση στα Ελληνικά. Αθήνα: Εκδόσεις Μοτίβο.
Swinney, D. A., & Cutler, A. (1979). The access and processing of idiomatic expressions. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 18(5), 523-534, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(79)90284-6
Titone, D. A., & Connine, C. M. (1999). On the compositional and noncompositional nature of idiomatic expressions. Journal of Pragmatics, 31(12), 1655-1674, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00008-9
Titone, D., & Libben, M. (2014). Time-dependent effects of decomposability, familiarity and literal plausibility on idiom priming: A cross-modal priming investigation. The Mental Lexicon, 9(3), 473-496, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.9.3.05tit
Troia, G. A. (2021) Children and young people with written language disorders. In L. Cummings (ed.), Handbook of Pragmatic Language Disorders (pp 651-671). Cham: Springer.
Troia, G. A., Hennenfent, L. L., & Shen, M. (2023). Pragmatic skills in school-age children with primary language impairment and language-learning disabilities: A scoping review of research from 1990 to 2022. Topics in Language Disorders, 43(3), 210-250, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/TLD.0000000000000317
Tunmer, W. E., & Hoover, W. A. (2019). The cognitive foundations of learning to read: A framework for preventing and remediating reading difficulties. Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties, 24(1), 75–93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19404158.2019.1614081
Vulchanova, M., Milburn, E., Vulchanov, V., & Baggio, G. (2019). Boon or Burden? The role of compositional meaning in figurative language processing and acquisition. Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 28(2), 1-29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10849-019-09282-7
Vulchanova, M., Saldaña, D., Chahboun, S., & Vulchanov, V. (2015). Figurative language processing in atypical populations: the ASD perspective. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9(24), 1-20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00024
Vulchanova, M., Vulchanov, V., & Stankova, M. (2011). Idiom comprehension in the first language: A developmental study. Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 8(1), 207-234, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2012.762350
Whyte, E. M., Nelson, K. E., & Khan, K. S. (2011). Learning of idiomatic language expressions in a group intervention for children with autism. Autism, 17(4), 449- 464, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361311422530
Whyte, E. M., Nelson, K. E., & Scherf, K. S. (2014). Idiom, syntax, and advanced theory of mind abilities in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 57(1), 120-130, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0308)
Willinger, U., Deckert, M., Schmoeger, M., Schaunig-Busch, I., Formann, A. K., & Auff, E. (2017). Developmental steps in metaphorical language abilities: the influence of age, gender, cognitive flexibility, information processing speed and analogical reasoning. Language and Speech, 62(1), 207-228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0023830917746552
Wilson, A. C., & Bishop, D. V. M. (2021). A novel online assessment of pragmatic and core language skills: An attempt to tease apart language domains in children. Journal of Child Language, 49(1), 1–22, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305000920000690
Wilson, E., & Katsos, N. (2022). Pragmatic, linguistic and cognitive factors in young children's development of quantity, relevance and word learning inferences. Journal of Child Language, 49(6), 1-28, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000921000453
Yoon, H., Schwarz, I., & Nippold, M. A. (2016). Comparing proverb comprehension in Korean and American youth. Speech, Language and Hearing, 19(3), 161–170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2050571x.2016.1164938