Domino-style earthquakes along blind normal faults in Northern Thessaly (Greece): kinematic evidence from field observations, seismology, SAR interferometry and GNSS

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Published: Jul 9, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.27102
Keywords:
Thessaly earthquake InSAR relocation GNSS stress transfer blind fault extension
Athanassios Ganas
Editor-in-Chief 2016-2020 Research Director Institute of Geodynamics National Observatory of Athens
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1937-3283
Sotiris Valkaniotis
Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5748-7679
Pierre Briole
Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris, PSL Research University, Laboratoire de Géologie - UMR CNRS 8538, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris – France
Anna Serpetsidaki
Seismological Laboratory, Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7085-8147
Vassilis Kapetanidis
Seismological Laboratory, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
Ilektra Karasante
National Observatory of Athens, Institute of Geodynamics, Lofos Nymfon, Thission, 11810 Athens, Greece
Ioannis Kassaras
Seismological Laboratory, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
George Papathanassiou
Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
Ioannis Karamitros
National Observatory of Athens, Institute of Geodynamics, Lofos Nymfon, Thission, 11810 Athens, Greece
Varvara Tsironi
National Observatory of Athens, Institute of Geodynamics, Lofos Nymfon, Thission, 11810 Athens, Greece & Seismological Laboratory, Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
Panagiotis Elias
National Observatory of Athens, Institute of Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, Vas. Pavlou & I. Metaxa, GR-15 236 Penteli, Greece
Vasilis Sarhosis
School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
Andreas Karakonstantis
Seismological Laboratory, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
Emmanouela Konstantakopoulou
Seismological Laboratory, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
Panagiotis Papadimitriou
Seismological Laboratory, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
Efthimios Sokos
Seismological Laboratory, Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
Abstract

Here we present a joint analysis of the geodetic, seismological and geological data of the March 2021 Northern Thessaly seismic sequence, that were gathered and processed as of April 30, 2021. First, we relocated seismicity data from regional and local networks and inferred the dip-direction (NE) and dip-angle (38°) of the March 3, 2021 rupture plane. Furthermore, we used ascending and descending SAR images acquired by the Sentinel-1 satellites to map the co-seismic displacement field. Our results indicate that the March 3, 2021 Mw=6.3 rupture occurred on a NE-dipping, 39° normal fault located between the villages Zarko (Trikala) and Damasi (Larissa). The event of March 4, 2021 occurred northwest of Damasi, along a fault oriented WNW-ESE and produced less deformation than the event of the previous day. The third event occurred on March 12, 2021 along a south-dipping normal fault. We computed 22 focal mechanisms of aftershocks with M≥4.0 using P-wave first motion polarities. Nearly all focal mechanisms exhibit normal kinematics or have a dominant normal dip-slip component. The use of InSAR was crucial to differentiate the ground deformation between the ruptures. The majority of deformation occurs in the vertical component, with a maximum of 0.39 m of subsidence over the Mw=6.3 rupture plane, south and west of Damasi. A total amount of 0.3 m horizontal displacement (E-W) was measured. We also used GNSS data (at 30-s sampling interval) from twelve permanent stations near the epicentres to obtain 3D seismic offsets of station positions. Only the first event produces significant displacement at the GNSS stations (as predicted by the fault models, themselves very well constrained by InSAR). We calculated several post-seismic interferograms, yet we have observed that there is almost no post-seismic deformation, except in the footwall area (Zarkos mountain). This post-seismic deformation is below the 7 mm level (quarter of a fringe) in the near field and below the 1 mm level at the GNSS sites. The cascading activation of the three events in a SE to NW direction points to a pattern of domino-style earthquakes, along neighbouring fault segments. The kinematics of the ruptures point to a counter-clockwise change in the extension direction of the upper crust (from NE-SW near Damasi to N-S towards northwest, near Verdikoussa).

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Author Biography
Athanassios Ganas, Editor-in-Chief 2016-2020 Research Director Institute of Geodynamics National Observatory of Athens
Editor-in-Chief BGSG 2016-2018
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