Λεπτοσπείρωση: Ένα «νεο-αναδυομενο» σημαντικό νόσημα των ζώων και τον ανθρώπου


Δημοσιευμένα: Nov 13, 2017
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση λεπτόσπειρα ζωονόσος εκτρεφόμενα ζώα
G. BISIAS (Γ. ΜΠΙΣΙΑΣ)
S. K. KRITAS (Σ.Κ. ΚΡΗΤΑΣ)
A. BURRIEL
B. KONTOS (Β. ΚΟΝΤΟΣ)
Περίληψη

 Η λεπτοσπείρωση, μια «νεο-αναδυόμενη» μόλυνση των ζώων και του ανθρώπου, προκαλείται από τον μικροοργανισμό Leptospira spp. Το γένος Leptospira περιλαμβάνει τουλάχιστον 200 ορότυπους, με μηδαμινή ή ελάχιστη αντιγονική συγγένεια, οι οποίοι ταξινομούνται σε 8 παθογόνα είδη, που προκαλούν κλινική ή υποκλινική νόσο. Φυσική δεξαμενή του μικροοργανισμού στο περιβάλλον θεωρούνται κυρίως τα τρωκτικά, αλλά φορείς είναι και πολλά άλλα είδη ζώων. Οι φορείς απεκκρίνουν το μικροοργανισμό με τα ούρα τους, μολύνοντας το περιβάλλον. Στο περιβάλλον ο μικροοργανισμός επιβιώνει για μεγάλο χρονικό διάστημα, όταν η θερμοκρασία παραμένει γύρω στους 25°C. Το ποσοστό μόλυνσης των ζώων στις διάφορες χώρες κυμαίνεται από 2% έως 46% ανάλογα με το είδος ζώου και την περιοχή. Στην Ελλάδα, πρόσφατες αναφορές στην οροθετικότητα περιστατικών αποβολών μικρών μηρυκαστικών, υποδηλώνουν ποσοστό μόλυνσης γΰρω στο 25%, ενώ τα αντίστοιχο ποσοστό μεταξύ φαινομενικά υγιών παραγωγικών ζώων κυμαίνεται από 5,7% έως 16,2%. Συχνότεροι ορότυποι βρέθηκαν ναείναι οι Bratislava, Australis και Copenhageni. Στην Ελλάδα απαραίτητη είναι η συστηματικότερη μελέτη της λεπτοσπείρωσης, άρα και η δημιουργία επιστημονικής και τεχνολογικής υποδομής (κυρίως λόγω των πιθανών κλιματικών αλλαγών).

 

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Αναφορές
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