Ροταϊώσεις των κατοικίδιων ζώων
Δημοσιευμένα:
Dec 19, 2017
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
διάρροια έντερο ζωονόσος ξενιστής ροταϊός
Περίληψη
Οι ροταϊοί αποτελούν σημαντικό λοιμογόνο παράγοντα με παγκόσμια διάδοση, ο οποίος προσβάλλει τον άνθρωπο και τα κατοικίδια ζώα. Το γονιδίωμα του ιού αποτελείται από 11 τμήματα διπλών αλυσίδων RNA, τα οποία συνθέτουν έξι δομικές και πέντε ή έξι μη-δομικές πρωτεΐνες. Μέχρι τώρα, έχουν απομονωθεί περισσότερα από 35.000 στελέχη του ιού, τα οποία ταξινομούνται σε πέντε κύριες (A, B, C, D, E) και τρεις επικουρικές (F, G, Η) ομάδες. Με βάση ένα δυαδικό σύστημα ταξινόμησης, τα στελέχη του ιού διακρίνονται επίσης σε ‘G’ ή ‘P’ τύπο, έχουν δε ταυτοποιηθεί περισσότεροι από 27 ‘G’ και 35 ‘Ρ’ γενότυποι του ιού, με πολλούς μεταξύ τους συνδυασμούς. Ο ιός μεταδίδεται κυρίως από το στόμα. Μετά την προσκόλλησή του στα κύτταρα του εντέρου, εισέρχεται σε αυτά με διείσδυση, με συγχώνευση ή με ενδοκυττάρωση. Οι κύριοι παθογενετικοί μηχανισμοί της διάρροιας πού προκαλείται από Ροταϊό, είναι η εκτεταμένη καταστροφή των κυττάρων του εντερικού επιθηλίου και η, ως συνέπεια αυτής, ελλιπής απορρόφηση και πέψη των θρεπτικών συστατικών. Η κλινική εικόνα της μόλυνσης από ροταϊούς ποικίλλει, είναι δε δυνατόν να κυμαίνεται από ασυμπτωματική μόλυνση μέχρι σοβαρή νόσο, η οποία μπορεί να απολήξει σε θάνατο. Σε μοσχάρια, αρνιά, χοιρίδια και πουλάρια, το κύριο σύμπτωμα της λοίμωξης είναι η διάρροια με χαρακτηριστικά λευκά, κίτρινα ή, σε βαριές μορφές, αιμορραγικά διαρροϊκά κόπρανα. Σε σκύλους και γάτες, η λοίμωξη προκαλεί συνήθως ήπια συμπτώματα. Σε πτηνά, η λοίμωξη, συνήθως, προκαλεί μέτρια βαρύτητας εντερίτιδα, αδιαφορία και καθυστέρηση της ανάπτυξης. Η οριστική διάγνωση της νόσου βασίζεται σε εργαστηριακές εξετάσεις, μεταξύ των οποίων η ηλεκτρονική μικροσκόπηση, η ανοσοϊστοχημική εξέταση, ο ανοσοφθορισμός, η ELISA, οι δοκιμές συγκόλλησης και οι μοριακές τεχνικές. Δεν υπάρχει ειδική θεραπευτική αγωγή για την αντιμετώπιση της λοίμωξης από ροταϊούς. Η αγωγή βασίζεται στη γενική υποστήριξη του ασθενούς ζώου και την αντιμετώπιση κλινικών συμπτωμάτων και ενδεχόμενων επιπλοκών της λοίμωξης. Αποτελεσματική πρόληψη της νόσου επιτυγχάνεται με τα διαθέσιμα εμβόλια με αδρανοποιημένα, ανασυνδυασμένα ή μειωμένης λοιμογόνου δύναμης στελέχη του ιού. Με πειραματικές μολύνσεις, έχει αποδειχθεί η δυνατότητα μετάδοσης του ιού μεταξύ διαφορετικών ζωικών ειδών, καθώς και μεταξύ των ζώων και του
ανθρώπου. Καθώς ο ιός έχει τεκμηριωμένα τη δυνατότητα να διαπερνά το φραγμό των ζωικών ειδών, στελέχη του ιού από ζώα αποτελούν πηγές ιικού γονιδιώματος, από τις οποίες μπορεί να δημιουργηθούν νέα στελέχη του ιού, η παθογόνος δράση των οποίων δεν μπορεί να προβλεφθεί.
Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
- Πώς να δημιουργήσετε Αναφορές
-
CHATZOPOULOS (Δ.Χ. ΧΑΤΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) D. C., ATHANASIOU (Λ.Β. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΟΥ) L. V., SPYROU (Β. ΣΠΥΡΟΥ) V., FTHENAKIS (Γ.Χ. ΦΘΕΝΑΚΗΣ) G. C., & BILLINIS (Χ. ΜΠΙΛΛΙΝΗΣ) C. (2017). Ροταϊώσεις των κατοικίδιων ζώων. Περιοδικό της Ελληνικής Κτηνιατρικής Εταιρείας, 64(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15489
- Τεύχος
- Τόμ. 64 Αρ. 2 (2013)
- Ενότητα
- Review Articles
Οι συγγραφείς των άρθρων που δημοσιεύονται στο περιοδικό διατηρούν τα δικαιώματα πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας επί των άρθρων τους, δίνοντας στο περιοδικό το δικαίωμα της πρώτης δημοσίευσης.
Άρθρα που δημοσιεύονται στο περιοδικό διατίθενται με άδεια Creative Commons 4.0 Non Commercial και σύμφωνα με την άδεια μπορούν να χρησιμοποιούνται ελεύθερα, με αναφορά στο/στη συγγραφέα και στην πρώτη δημοσίευση για μη κερδοσκοπικούς σκοπούς.
Οι συγγραφείς μπορούν να καταθέσουν το άρθρο σε ιδρυματικό ή άλλο αποθετήριο ή/και να το δημοσιεύσουν σε άλλη έκδοση, με υποχρεωτική την αναφορά πρώτης δημοσίευσης στο J Hellenic Vet Med Soc
Οι συγγραφείς ενθαρρύνονται να καταθέσουν σε αποθετήριο ή να δημοσιεύσουν την εργασία τους στο διαδίκτυο πριν ή κατά τη διαδικασία υποβολής και αξιολόγησής της.
Λήψεις
Τα δεδομένα λήψης δεν είναι ακόμη διαθέσιμα.
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