Ενδοσχολικός εκφοβισμός/θυματοποίηση, αυτοεκτίμηση και συναισθηματικές δυσκολίες σε παιδιά με και χωρίς ΕΕΑ


Δημοσιευμένα: Jul 8, 2016
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Εκφοβισμός Θυματοποίηση Αυτοεκτίμηση Συναισθηματικές δυσκολίες Μαθητές με ΕΕΑ Μαθητές χωρίς ΕΕΑ
Μαρία Κοκκιάδη
Ηλίας Ε. Κουρκούτας
Περίληψη

Η παρούσα μελέτη έχει ως στόχο να διερευνήσει τη συχνότητα παρουσίας προβλημάτων εκφοβισμού και θυματοποίησης ανάμεσα σε μαθητές με και χωρίς Ειδικές Εκπαιδευτικές Ανάγκες (ΕΕΑ). Επιπλέον, εξετάζουμε τον βαθμό στον οποίο τα προβλήματα αυτά σχετίζονται τόσο με την αυτοεκτίμηση, όσο και με τις συναισθηματικές δυσκολίες των συμμετεχόντων. Το δείγμα της έρευνας αποτελείται από 170 μαθητές χωρίς ΕΕΑ και 15 που λαμβάνουν πρόσθετη εκπαιδευτική υποστήριξη είτε μέσα στην τυπική τάξη, είτε σε ξεχωριστή (Τμήμα Ένταξης). Η χορήγηση των μέσων συλλογής δεδομένων έγινε σε δημόσια δημοτικά και γυμνάσια σχολεία της πόλης του Ηρακλείου και του Ρεθύμνου και όλοι οι συμμετέχοντες συμπλήρωσαν το Ερωτηματολόγιο Βιωμάτων με τους Συνομηλίκους, την κλίμακα PANAS και την κλίμακα αυτοεκτίμησης του Rosenberg. Από τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας βρέθηκε ότι οι μαθητές εμπλέκονταν ενεργά τόσο σε περιστατικά εκφοβισμού όσο και θυματοποίησης, με υψηλότερα τα ποσοστά θυματοποίησης. Ειδικότερα, οι μαθητές με ΕΕΑ συμπεριφέρονταν ως θύτες και θύματα σε περισσότερο σοβαρού τύπου εκφοβισμό και θυματοποίηση, ενώ για τους μαθητές των τυπικών τάξεων (χωρίς ΕΕΑ) βρέθηκε ότι εμπλέκονταν πιο ενεργά σε μετρίου τύπου εκφοβισμό και θυματοποίηση. Η αυξημένη εμπλοκή των παιδιών εξηγεί, σε ένα μεγάλο εύρος του δείγματος, την παρουσία συναισθηματικών δυσκολιών. Αναφορικά με την αυτοεκτίμηση, βρέθηκε ότι αποτελεί, επίσης, σημαντικό προβλεπτικό-επεξηγηματικό παράγοντα για την παρουσία αρνητικών συναισθημάτων.

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