Relationship between physical activity, motor performance and body mass index in early childhood children

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Published: Jan 1, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jret.9631
Keywords:
Level of physical activity Number of steps Degree of kinetic efficiency Kinetic learning Body mass index Preschool age Step measurement appliance
Charilaos K. Zaragas
Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Ioannina
Abstract
The use of the step measurement appliance for the estimation of the level of physical activity (P.A.L.) has been mentioned in many researcher (Tudor –Locke, 2004, 2011), which they conclude that a number of 10.000 steps a day is necessary for the protection of human health. Many researchers are wondering if this specific number of steps is much too little for the children but also for the opposition of obesity. The aim of the present research was to estimate both the weekly number of steps and the number of steps per day for children in early childhood age from different regions of Epirus and Corfu. This specific research studies the level o physical activity (P.A.L.) through the use of the steps measurement appliance (number of steps per day), the degree of kinetic efficiency (D.K.E.) through the use of battery of 18 kinetic tests (M.O.T. –test, 4-6years old of Zimmer & Volkamer, 1987), and the index of body mass (B.M.I.) through the measurement of height and weight and the relationship between these two variables. The sample consisted o 320 children (160 boys, 160 girls) aged 60 months (± 7,5) that haven’t been selected in random but according to the access that the researcher had to public and private kindergartens of Prefectures of Arta, Ioannina, Thesprotia, Preveza and Corfu in school years of 2012-’13, 2013-’14 and 2014 –’15. Twelve of types YAMAX DIG WALKER Electronic Pedometer (SW -200 System Walking Program) were selected for the assessment of the number of steps. The children have worn the pedometer in the belt of their trousers for a week and specifically in the morning right after they had woken up, during the day until their bed time. All the measurements were made by the researcher with the cooperation of the parents while the kindergartens were open. It was used a discretional statistics analysis, it was applied the method of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Regression Analysis. The results of the research showed that the mean number of the children’s steps for the biggest part of the sample per day is lower than 10.000 steps suggested by researchers. The findings of the present research agree with the results for the weekly number of infants’ steps as well as the level of physical activity with the results of other relevant researchers that were held in both the international and Greek field for preschool age. A barge percentage of 64,0% was found which had a normal degree of kinetic efficiency (D.K.E.), 20,5% very good but also a percentage of 15,5% below normal with a 1,5% of it appearing with kinetic weaknesses. There were no differences in D.K.E. between boys and girls where as there were differences between aged groups with the older infants achieving a better performance. Here were also found percentages as 1,2% underweight, 85,0% with a normal B.M.I. 12,8% overweight and 0,3% obese. The results of the regression analysis showed that there a positive correlation between the weekly number of steps (P.A.L.) and D.K.E., and a negative relationship between P.A.L. and B.M.I. In conclusion, children who had large weekly number of steps showed good performance D.K.E. and normal values of B.M.I. as opposed children who showed little weekly number of steps had low performance D.K.E. and for a large part of the sample and showed large values of B.M.I.
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