The wonderful consumerist world of Walt Disney: Cinema, childhood, merchandising


Published: Jul 1, 2009
Keywords:
films production classic Disney Walt Disney merchandising
Ευαγγελία Κούρτη (Eyaggelia Kourti)
Abstract
In this article is presented an under studied aspect of the relationship between children and cinema: the production of children's film in relation to the development of children's consumer behavior. As, in the context of a nostalgic approach to childhood, important aspects of the past are disregarded and an «out of the market» image of children is presented, studied here are the strategies of promotion and merchandising of characters in Disney's classic period (Walt Disney) films. The aim here is to show the role of the company -a reference point for many other companies in the field of children's entertainment- in the development of children's consumer behavior from the early days of the company and thus illuminate the company's attitudes to child audiences and childhood broadly speaking. In this context, in parallel with the films is presented the personality of Walt Disney and his style of management -in relation to the social, economic and political situation- of the company's productions, the workers of his company and, mostly, the promotion of his own myth as the beloved «oncle» of all children around the world.
Article Details
  • Section
  • Scientific articles & educational projects
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Barrier, Μ. (2007). The animated man: A life of Walt Disney. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
Bryman, A. (1995). Disney and his worlds. London: Routledge.
Biyman, Α. (2004). The Disneyization of society. London: Sage.
Buckingham, D. (1997). Dissin' Disney: critical perspectives on children's media culture. Media, Culture and Society, 19, 285-293.
Budd, M. & Kirsh, M. (Eds). (2005). Rethinking Disney: private control, public dimensions. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press
Chris, C. (1995). Beyond the mouse-ear gates: the wonderful world of Disney studies. Afterimage, 23, 3, 8-12.
Chyng, F.S., & Scharrer, E. (2004). Staying true to Disney: College students' resistance to criticism of the little mermaid. The Communication Review, 7, 35-55.
deCordova, R. (1994). The Mickey in the Macy's window: Childhood, Consumerism and Disney animation. In E.L.Smoodin (Ed.). Disney discourse: producing the magic kingdom (pp. 203213). New York: Routledge/AFI Film Readers.
deCordova, R. (2002). Ethnography and exhibition: The child audience, the Hays Office, and Saturday matinees. Στο G. Waller (Ed.). Moviegoing in America: A sourcebook in the History of film exhibition (pp. 159-169). Oxford: Blackwell.
De Ross, R. (1994). The magic worlds of Walt Disney. In E.L.Smoodin (Ed.). Disney discourse: producing the magic kingdom (pp. 48-69). New York: Routledge/AFI Film Readers.
Disney, W. (1945). Mickey as professor. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 9, 2, 119-125.
Forgacs, D. (1992). Disney animation and the business of childhood. Screen. 33, 361-374.
Giroux, H. (1999) The mouse that ward. Disney and the end of innocence. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
Gomery, D. (1994). Disney's Business History. In E.L.Smoodin (Ed.). Disney discourse: producing the magic kingdom. (pp. 71-86). New York: Routledge/AFI Film Readers
Hansen, M. (1993). Of mice and ducks: Benjamin and Adorno on Disney. South Atlantic Quarterly, 92, 1, 27-61.
Κούρτη, Ε. (υπό έκδοση). Τo παιδικό πρόγραμμα πάει στην αγορά: η περίπτωση της ελληνικής τηλεόρασης. Στο Ι. Βώβου (Επιμ.). Ο κόσμος της τηλεόρασης. Θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις, αναλύσεις προγραμμάτων και ελληνική πραγματικότητα. Αθήνα: Ηρόδοτος.
Kinder, M. (1991). Playing with power in movies, television video games. Berkley: University of California.
Μαιλάρ, Α., & Νιόρφμαν, Α. (1971). Ντόναλντ ο απατεώνας. Μτφρ. Μη. Λυκούση. Αθήνα: Ύψιλον.
McQuail, C. (2006). Disney and Consumer Culture. In S.R. Steinberg, P. Pannar, & B.Richard (Eds.). Contemporary youth culture: an international encyclopaedia. Vol 2. (pp. 239-249). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
Μπερν, E., & Μακουίλαν, M.M. (1999). Αποκωδικοποιώντας τον Ντίσνεϋ. Μτφρ. Π. Τοσούλης. Αθήνα: Εκδόσεις Μπουκουμάνη. 2003.
Ουάσκο, Τ. (1996). Κατανοώντας το σύμπαν της Ντίσνεϊ. Μτφρ. Δ. Κίκιζας. Στο J. Curran & Μ. Gurevitch (Επιμ.) MME και Κοινωνία (σσ. 486-515). Αθήνα: Πατάκης. 2001.
Πετρούτσου, Μ., Μανιάτης, Σ. & Παπαγεωργίου Δ. (2008). Με την υπογραφή Disney. Ελευθεροτυπία. 23.07.2008.
Sammond, Ν. (2005). Babes in Tomorrowland: Walt Disney and the making of the American child, 1930-1960. Durham: Duke.
Schaffer, S. (1996). Disney and the imagineering of histories. Postmodern Culture, http:// pmc.iath.virginia.edu/text-only/issue.596/schaffer.596 (τελευταία πρόσβαση 25.8.2009)
Schickel, R.W. (1968). The Disney version: The life, times, art and commerce of Walt Disney. 3rd edition. 1997. Chicago: Dee, Ivan R. Publisher.
Schor, Β. (2005). Born to buy: The commercialized child and the new consumer culture. New York: Scribner. Shary, T. Children's films. http://www.filmreference.com/encyclopedia/Academy-AwardsCrime-Films/Children-s-Films.html (Τελευταία πρόσβαση, 30.08.2009). Shortsleeve, Κ. (2004).
The wonderful world of the Depression: Disney, despotism, and the 1930s. Or, why Disney scares us. The Lion and the Unicorn 28, 1, 1-30.
Smoodin, E.L. (Ed.) (1994). Disney discourse: producing the magic kingdom. New York: Routledge/AFI Film Readers.
Solomon, Ch. (1989). Enchanted drawings: The History of animation. New York: Alfred Knopf.
Solomon, Ch. (1994). The history of animation: Enchanted drawings. Outlet Books Company. Stacey, J. (1994). Star-gazing: Hollywood cinema and female spectator ship. London and New York: Routledge.
Thomas, B. (1976). Walt Disney. An American original. New York: Disney Editions. Thomas, B. (1998). Building a company: Roy O. Disney and the creation of un entertainment empire. New York: Hyperion.
Wasko, J. (2001). Understanding Disney: the manufacture of fantasy. Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press.
Wasko, J., Philips, M., & Purdie, C. (1993). Hollywood meets Madison Avenue: The commercialization of US Films. Media, Culture & Society. 15, 271-293.
Watts, S. (1995). Walt Disney: Art and politics in the American century. The Journal of American History, 82, 1. 84-110.
Watts, S. (1997). Magic Kingdom: Disney and the American way of life. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Wojcik-Andrews, I. ( 2000). Children's films. History, ideology, pedagogy, theory. New York & London: Garland Publishing, Inc.