H εμπειρία της μαστεκτομής: Στίγμα και μεταβολές στην ενσώματη ταυτότητα


Δημοσιευμένα: Oct 15, 2020
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Μαστεκτομή Στίγμα Φαινομενολογική έρευνα
Ευρυνόμη Αυδή
Δέσποινα Ζηλιασκοπούλου
Παγώνα Ρούσση
Περίληψη

Ο καρκίνος του μαστού και η θεραπεία του έχουν σημαντικές επιπτώσεις σε σωματικό, ψυχολογικό και κοινωνικό επίπεδο. Αν και έχουν γίνει πολλές έρευνες αναφορικά με τον καρκίνο του μαστού και τις συνέπειες που έχει στη ζωή των γυναικών, η βιβλιογραφία που μελετά το βίωμα της μαστεκτομής και το νόημα που αποδίδουν σε αυτήν οι ίδιες
οι γυναίκες είναι σχετικά περιορισμένη. Η παρούσα εργασία εστιάζει στην εμπειρία της μαστεκτομής, εξετάζοντάς την σε συνάρτηση με τις κοινωνικές αναπαραστάσεις γύρω από τη θηλυκότητα και την υγεία, οι
οποίες πλαισιώνουν και επηρεάζουν σημαντικά το προσωπικό βίωμα και τις σχετικές με τη θεραπεία αποφάσεις των γυναικών. Παρουσιάζονται τα ευρήματα μιας φαινομενολογικής έρευνας, στην οποία αναλύθηκαν συνεντεύξεις με οκτώ γυναίκες που έχουν υποβληθεί σε μαστεκτομή. Η ανάλυση εστίασε στη φαινομενολογική περιγραφή του βιώματος της μαστεκτομής, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη το γεγονός ότι το γυναικείο στήθος έχει ιδιαίτερα φορτισμένες συνδηλώσεις όσον αφορά τη θηλυκότητα, τη σεξουαλικότητα και τη μητρότητα, δηλαδή σημαντικές όψεις της ταυτότητας των γυναικών. Φάνηκε ότι βασικό στοιχείο της εμπειρίας
της μαστεκτομής είναι η αίσθηση των γυναικών ότι είναι «διαφορετικές», αίσθηση που συνδέεται με μια στιγματισμένη ταυτότητα. Στην εργασία συζητούνται οι τρόποι με τους όποιους οι γυναίκες φαίνεται να διαχειρίζονται το διπλό στίγμα που συνοδεύει την ταυτότητα της καρκινοπαθούς αλλά και της «ελλειμματικής» γυναίκας.

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