Αντιληπτές γονικές πρακτικές και εσωτερικευμένα συμπτώματα στα παιδιά: ο ρόλος της θυματοποίησης και της ιδιοσυγκρασίας του αρνητικού συναισθήματος μέσα από μοντέλα διαμεσολάβησης και ρύθμισης

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Δημοσιευμένα: Jun 7, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.27037
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Γονικές πρακτικές εσωτερικευμένα συμπτώματα στα παιδιά θυματοποίηση ιδιοσυγκρασία αρνητικού συναισθήματος
Louiza Ioannidou
Πανεπιστήμιο Frederick
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-1581
Stelios Georgiou
Πανεπιστήμιο Κύπρου
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-1214
Περίληψη

Η ανάπτυξη εσωτερικευμένων συμπτωμάτων στα παιδιά είναι μια σύνθετη διεργασία στην οποία εμπλέκονται διάφοροι παράγοντες. Ειδικότερα, σχετικές έρευνες συνδέουν άμεσα τις γονικές πρακτικές με την ανάπτυξη εσωτερικευμένων συμπτωμάτων στα παιδιά. Όμως από μόνος του αυτός ο παράγοντας δεν μπορεί να εξηγήσει πλήρως την ανάπτυξη εσωτερικευμένων συμπτωμάτων στα παιδιά, αφού φαίνεται ότι εμπλέκονται και άλλοι παράγοντες σε αυτή τη διεργασία. Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν  να εξετάσει τους παράγοντες αλλά και τους μηχανισμούς μέσω των οποίων τα παιδιά αναπτύσσουν εσωτερικευμένα συμπτώματα. Συγκεκριμένα, η έρευνα εξετάζει πώς η σχέση μεταξύ των γονικών πρακτικών και των εσωτερικευμένων συμπτωμάτων επηρεάζεται από διαμεσολαβητικούς και ρυθμιστικούς παράγοντες, όπως είναι η θυματοποίηση και η ιδιοσυγκρασία αρνητικού συναισθήματος. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 374 παιδιά , ηλικίας 10 με 14 χρονών, και οι γονείς τους. Για τους σκοπούς της έρευνας τα παιδιά συμπλήρωσαν τα εξής εργαλεία: το Εργαλείο μέτρησης Γονικού Δεσμού, την Κλίμακα Θετικού και Αρνητικού Συναισθήματος για Παιδιά και το Αναθεωρημένο Ερωτηματολόγιο για τον Εκφοβισμό και τη Θυματοποίηση του Olweus. Οι γονείς συμπλήρωσαν την Κλίμακα Αξιολόγησης της Συμπεριφοράς των Παιδιών – Γονική Φόρμα (Σύστημα Achenbach για Εμπειρικά Βασισμένη Αξιολόγηση). Για τη στατιστική ανάλυση των δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήθηκε η μέθοδος process στο SPSS για να διαμορφωθούν μοντέλα διαμεσολάβησης και ρύθμισης που εξετάζουν τη σχέση των γονικών πρακτικών και εσωτερικευμένων συμπτωμάτων, με διαμεσολαβητικό παράγοντα τη θυματοποίηση και ρυθμιστικό παράγοντα την ιδιοσυγκρασία αρνητικού συναισθήματος. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας ανέδειξαν ότι η σχέση μεταξύ των γονικών πρακτικών και εσωτερικευμένων συμπτωμάτων διαμεσολαβείται από τη θυματοποίηση, δείχνοντας  πως ένα σημαντικό μέρος της παραπάνω σχέσης οφείλεται στη διαμεσολάβηση της θυματοποίησης. Επίσης, η έρευνα έδειξε ότι η ιδιοσυγκρασία αρνητικού συναισθήματος ρυθμίζει τη σχέση μεταξύ των γονικών πρακτικών και εσωτερικευμένων συμπτωμάτων, δείχνοντας  ότι παιδιά με ιδιοσυγκρασία αρνητικού συναισθήματος αναπτύσσουν περισσότερα εσωτερικευμένα συμπτώματα όταν οι γονείς τους χρησιμοποιούν αρνητικές γονικές πρακτικές. Tα ευρήματα της έρευνας μπορούν να συμβάλλουν στην ψυχοκοινωνική και ψυχοσυναισθηματική ενδυνάμωση των παιδιών, μέσω του σχεδιασμού κατάλληλων προγραμμάτων πρόληψης και παρέμβασης.

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Λήψεις
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Βιογραφικά Συγγραφέων
Louiza Ioannidou, Πανεπιστήμιο Frederick
Τμήμα Ψυχολογίας και Κοινωνικών Επιστημών/Σχολή Επιστημών Αγωγής και Κοινωνικών Επιστημών
Stelios Georgiou, Πανεπιστήμιο Κύπρου
Τμήμα Ψυχολογίας/Σχολή Κοινωνικών Επιστημών και Επιστημών της Αγωγής
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