Προσωπικότητα, σχέσεις στην οικογένεια και διαστάσεις του σχολικού κλίματος ως προβλεπτικοί παράγοντες της συγχώρεσης στην εφηβεία


Δημοσιευμένα: Ιουλ 3, 2023
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
συγχωρητικότητα προσωπικότητα σχέσεις στην οικογένεια σχολικό κλίμα εφηβεία
Αικατερίνη Λαμπροπούλου
Παναγιώτης Λιανός
Αντώνιος Πούλιος
Περίληψη

Η συγχώρεση στην εφηβική ηλικία έχει προκαλέσει το αυξανόμενο ενδιαφέρον των ερευνητών διεθνώς, γεγονός που αναδεικνύει την ανάγκη να κατανοηθεί σε μεγαλύτερο βάθος ο ρόλος της στην ευεξία των νέων. Στην παρούσα έρευνα μελετάται η έννοια της συγχώρεσης σε Έλληνες εφήβους και ειδικότερα ο προβλεπτικός ρόλος βασικών διαστάσεων σε ατομικό και συστημικό επίπεδο. Ειδικότερα, ερευνήθηκε κατά πόσο οι παράγοντες της προσωπικότητας με βάση το μοντέλο των 5 Παραγόντων (ατομικό επίπεδο), καθώς και οι σχέσεις στην οικογένεια και το σχολείο (συστημικό επίπεδο) μπορούν να προβλέψουν την τάση των εφήβων να συγχωρούν. Επίσης, μελετήθηκαν κοινωνικοδημογραφικές μεταβλητές όπως το φύλο, η ηλικία, το κοινωνικοοικονομικό και μορφωτικό επίπεδο των γονέων. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 1.378 έφηβοι που φοιτούσαν σε Γυμνάσια και Λύκεια της Αττικής, τα οποία επιλέχθηκαν τυχαία. Τα ευρήματα έδειξαν ότι η νεότερη ηλικία, τα χαμηλότερα επίπεδα νευρωτισμού, τα υψηλότερα επίπεδα εξωστρέφειας και προσήνειας και η υψηλότερη ποιοτική επικοινωνία με τη μητέρα προέβλεπαν υψηλότερη συγχώρεση του εαυτού. Υψηλότερα επίπεδα δεκτικότητας σε εμπειρίες, προσήνειας, ποιοτικής επικοινωνίας με τον πατέρα, θετικής συμπεριφοράς και θετικής στάσης στο σχολείο και χαμηλά επίπεδα έλλειψης σεβασμού προέβλεπαν μεγαλύτερη συγχώρεση των άλλων. Τέλος, χαμηλότερα επίπεδα νευρωτισμού και υψηλότερα επίπεδα εξωστρέφειας, ευσυνειδησίας, θετικής συμπεριφοράς στο σχολείο προέβλεπαν υψηλότερα επίπεδα συγχώρεσης καταστάσεων. Τα ευρήματα υπογραμμίζουν τον σημαντικό ρόλο των παραγόντων της προσωπικότητας και τονίζουν τη σημασία των παρεμβάσεων πρωτογενούς πρόληψης στη σχολική κοινότητα όσον αφορά στο σχολικό κλίμα, οι οποίες θα μπορούσαν να συμβάλουν γενικότερα στην προαγωγή της συγχώρεσης και της ευεξίας των εφήβων.

Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
  • Ενότητα
  • ΕΜΠΕΙΡΙΚΕΣ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΕΣ
Λήψεις
Τα δεδομένα λήψης δεν είναι ακόμη διαθέσιμα.
Αναφορές
Ahirwar, G., Gyanesh, K. T., & Pramod, K. R. (2019). Are the Big Five personality dimensions uniformly relevant to understand the forgiveness of children? IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review, 7(5), 852-857. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347522455_Forgiveness_and_Mental_Health_Intervention
Akhtar, S., & Barlow, J. (2018). Forgiveness therapy for the promotion of mental well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse, 19(1), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016637079
Ashy, M., Mercurio, A.E., & Malley-Morrison, K. (2010). Apology, forgiveness, and reconciliation: an ecological world view framework. Individual Differences Research, 8, 17-26. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-05622-003
Barcaccia, B., Howard, B., Pallini, S., & Baiocco, R. (2017). Bullying and the detrimental role of un-forgiveness in adolescents' well-being. Psicothema, 29(2), 217–222. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2016.251
Barcaccia, B., Pallini, S., Pozza, A., Milioni, M., Baiocco, R., Mancini, F., & Vecchio, G. M. (2019). Forgiving adolescents: Far from depression, close to well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 24(10) 1725. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01725
Besevegis, E., & Pavlopoulos, V. (1998). Parental assessment of children's and adolescents' personality: construction and psychometric properties of a new questionnaire. Psychology, 5(2), 165-178.
Boyle, G. J. (2008). Critique of the five-factor model of personality. In G. J. Boyle, G. Matthews, & D. H. Saklofske (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of personality theory and assessment. Vol. 1. Personality theories and models (pp. 295–312). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849200462.n14
Burnette, J., Taylor, K., Worthington, E., & Forsyth, D. (2007). Attachment and trait forgivingness: The mediating role of angry rumination. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(8), 1585-1596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.033
Cabras, C., Loi, G., & Sechi, C. (2017). Assessment of dispositional forgiveness in adolescence: A contribution to the Italian validation of the Forgiveness Likelihood Scale. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 20(9), 888-897. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1376628
Chiaramello, S., Mesnil, M., Muñoz Sastre, M. T., & Mullet, E. (2008). Dispositional forgiveness among adolescents. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 5(3), 326–337. https:/doi.org/10.1080/17405620600831614
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). The five-factor model of personality and its relevance to personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 6(4), 343–359. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.1992.6.4.343
Denham, S., Neal, K., Wilson, B., Pickering, S., & Boyatzis, C. (2005). Emotional development and forgiveness in children: Emerging evidence. In E. L. Worthington, Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 127-142). Brunner-Routledge.
Diener, M. L. & Diener-McGavran, M. B. (2008). What makes people happy?: a developmental approach to the literature on family relationships and well-being. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 347-375). The Guilford Press.
Emmons, R. A. (2000). Personality and forgiveness. In M. E. McCullough, K. I. Pargament, & C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), Forgiveness: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 156–175). The Guilford Press.
Enright, R. D., & Fitzgibbons, R. P. (2015). Forgiveness therapy: An empirical guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14526-000
Enright, R. D., Rhody, M., Litts, B. & ve Klatt, J. S. (2014). Piloting forgiveness education in a divided community: Comparing electronic pen-pal and journaling activities across two groups of youth. Journal of Moral Education, 43(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2014.888516
Fehr, R., Gelfand, M. J., & Nag, M. (2010). The road to forgiveness: a meta-analytic synthesis of its situational and dispositional correlates. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 894–914.
Fincham, F. D. (2015). Forgiveness, family relationships and health. In L. Toussaint, E. L. Worthington, Jr., & D. Williams (Eds.), Forgiveness and health: Scientific evidence and theories relating forgiveness to better health (pp. 255-270). Springer.
Finkel, E. J., Rusbult, C. E., Kumashiro, M., & Hannon, P. A. (2002). Dealing with betrayal in close relationships: Does commitment promote forgiveness? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 956 -974. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.956
Flanagan, K. S., Vanden Hoek, K. K., Ranter, J. M., & Reich, H. A. (2012). The potential of forgiveness as a response for coping with negative peer experiences. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 1215–1223. https://doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.04.004
Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E. L., & Target, M. (2002). Affect regulation, mentalization, and the development of the self. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429471643
Freedman, S. (2018). Forgiveness as an educational goal with at-risk adolescents. Journal of Moral Education, 47, 415–431. https://doi:10.1080/03057240.2017.1399869
Gao, F., Li, Y., & Bai, X. (2022). Forgiveness and subjective well-being: A meta-analysis review. Personality and Individual Differences, 188, Part B, 111350 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111350
Girard, M., & Mullet, E. (1997). Forgiveness in adolescents, young, middle-aged, and older adults. Journal of Adult Development, 4(4), 209–220. https:/doi.org/10.1007/BF02511412
Gronvold, R. L. (1988). Measuring affectual solidarity. In D. Mangen, J. Vern, L. Bengtson, & P. Landry (Eds.), The measurement of intergenerational relations (pp. 74-97). Sage.
Hatzichristou, C., Stasinou, V., Lampropoulou, A., & Lianos, P. (2018). Adolescents’ perceptions of school climate: Exploring its protective role in times of economic recession, School Psychology International, 39 (6), 606-624 https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034318803666
Hong, Y. R., & Park, J. S. (2012). Impact of attachment, temperament and parenting on human development. Korean Journal of Pediatrics, 55(12), 449–454. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2012.55.12.449
Jia, N., Liu, W., & Kong, F. (2020). Measuring adolescent forgiveness: validity of the Tendency to Forgive Scale in Chinese adolescents. Current Psychology, 39, 1970-1976.
John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds), Handbook of personality: Theory and research, Vol. 2 (pp. 102-138). The Guilford Press.
Kaleta, K., & Mróz, J. (2021). Gender differences in forgiveness and its affective correlates. Journal of Religion and Health, 61(4), 2819–2837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01369-5
Karremans, J., Lange, P., Ouwerkerk, J. & Kluwer, E. (2003). When forgiving enhances psychological well-being: the role of interpersonal commitment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), 1011-26. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.1011
Kumar, A., & Nayar, K. R. (2020), COVID-19: Stigma, discrimination, and the blame game. International Journal of Mental Health, 49(4), 382-384. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207411.2020.1809935
La Salle, T. L., George, H. P., McCoach, D. B., Polk, T., & Evanovich, L. L. (2018). An examination of school climate, victimization, and mental health problems among Middle School students self-identifying with emotional and behavioral disorders. Behavioral Disorders, 43, 383–392. https://doi.org/10.1177/0198742918768045
Lampropoulou, A. (2018). Personality, school and family: What is their role in adolescents’ subjective well-being. Journal of Adolescence, 67, 12-21. 624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.05.013
Lampropoulou, Α. (2008). Adolescents subjective well-being: A multilevel approach of individual, family and school variables [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.
La Salle, T. P., Rocha-Neves, J., Jimerson, S., Di Sano, S., Martinsone, B., Majercakova, S., Albertova, E., Gajdošová, C., Deltour, A. B., Hatzichristou, C., Martinelli, V., Raykov, M., Palikara, O., Szabó, É., Arlauskaite, Z., Athanasiou, D., Brown-Earle. O., Casale, G., Lampropoulou, A., & Mikhailova, A. (2021). A multi-national study exploring adolescent perceptions of school climate and mental health problems, School Psychology, 36(3), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000430
Lawler-Row, K. A. (2010). Forgiveness as a mediator of the religiosity – health relationship. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 2(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017584
Lawler-Row, K. A., Younger, J. W., Piferi, R. L., & Jones, W. H. (2006). The role of adult attachment style in forgiveness following an interpersonal offense. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84(4), 493-502. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2006.tb00434.x
Lianos, P. G. (2015). Parenting and social competence in school: The role of preadolescents' personality traits. Journal of Adolescence, 41(1), 109-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.03.006
Liu, X., Lu, D., Zhou, L., & Su, L. (2013). Forgiveness as a moderator of the association between victimization and suicidal ideation. Indian Pediatrics, 50(7), 685–688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-013-0191-0
Maio, G. R., Thomas, G., Fincham, F. D., & Carnelley, K. B. (2008). Unravelling the role of forgiveness in family relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(2), 307-19. https://doi.org/10.1037/00223514.94.2.307
Manchula, M., & Patra, S. (2015). Relationship between forgiveness, gratitude and resilience among the adolescents. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(1), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.15614/ijpp/2015/v6i1/88459
Mardia, K. V. (1970). Measures of Multivariate Skewness and Kurtosis with Applications. Biometrika, 57, 519-530. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/57.3.519
McAdams, D. P. (1992). The five-factor model in personality: a critical appraisal. Journal of Personality, 60(2), 329-361. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00976.x
McCullough, M. E. (2008). Beyond revenge. Jossey-Bass.
McCullough, M. E. (2001). Forgiving. In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Coping with stress: Effective people and processes (pp. 93–113). Oxford University Press.
McCullough, M. E., & Hoyt, W. T. (2002). Transgression-related motivational dispositions: Personality substrates of forgiveness and their links to the Big Five. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1556–1573. https://doi.org/10.1177/014616702237583
McCullough, M. E., & Witvliet, C. (2004). The psychology of forgiveness. In C. R. Snyder & S. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 446–458). Oxford University Press.
McCullough, M. E., Kurzban, R., & Tabak, B. A. (2012). Cognitive systems for revenge and forgiveness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X11002160
McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington, E. L. Jr., Brown, S. W., & Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(6), 1586–1603. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.6.15886
McCullough, M. E., Root, L. M., Tabak, B., & Witvliet, C. V. O. (2009). Forgiveness. In S. J. Lopez (Ed.), Handbook of positive psychology (2nd ed., pp. 427–435). Oxford.
Miller, A. J., & Worthington, E. L. (2015). Gender and sex, forgiveness, and health. In L. T. Loren, E. L. Worthington, & D. Williams (Eds.), Forgiveness and health: Scientific evidence and theories relating forgiveness to better health (pp. 173–188). Springer.
Miller, A. J., Worthington, E. L., & Mcdaniel, M. A. (2008). Gender and forgiveness: A meta-analytic review and research agenda. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27(8), 843-876. https://doi.org/10.1521/JSCP.2008.27.8.843
Moraitou, D., Karadimou, M., & Varvarouses, M. (2004, December 3-5). Mental health in the elderly: Its relation with forgiveness, affective state, and individual - demographic factors (Conference session) The 1st International Conference of the Psychological Society of Northern Greece: Quality of Life and Psychology, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Mullet, E., Houdbine, A., Laumonier, S., & Girard, M. (1998). “Forgivingness”: Factor structure in a sample of young, middle-aged, and elderly adults. European Psychologist, 3(4), 289–297. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.3.4.289
Mulvey, K. L., Gönültaş, S., Herry, E., & Strelan, P. (2021). The role of theory of mind, group membership, and apology in intergroup forgiveness among children and adolescents. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 151(3), 613–627. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001094
Muñoz-Sastre, M. T., Vinsonneau, G., Chabrol, H., & Mullet, E. (2005). Forgivingness and the paranoid personality style. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(4), 765–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.06.001
Najm, A. (2019). Big Five traits: A critical review. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business. 21(2), 159-186. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335834113_Big_Five_Traits_A_Critical_Review
Oral, T., & Arslan, C. (2017). The investigation of university students’ forgiveness levels in terms of self-compassion, rumination and personality traits. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(9), 1447-1456. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050902
Pareek, S., Mathur, N., & Mangnani, K. (2016). Subjective and psychological well-being as related to dispositional and motivational forgiveness among adolescents. Indian Journal of Health and Well-being, 7, 125-128.
Paulin, M., & Boon, S. (2021). Revenge via social media and relationship contexts: Prevalence and measurement, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 38(12), 3692-3712. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075211045316
Pavlopoulos, V., & Besevegis, E. (1999). Big 5 model of personality for children: A cross-cultural study. Psychology, 6(2), 174-182.
Pehar, L., Čorkalo Biruški, D., & Pavin Ivanec, T. (2020). The role of peer, parental, and school norms in predicting adolescents’ attitudes and behaviours of majority and different minority ethnic groups in Croatia. PLOS ONE 15(2), Article e0228970. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228970
Poulios, A., Christopoulos, A., Pavlopoulos, V., Tsiodra, M., Stefanakou, E., Stavrakaki, M., Risvas, C., Panaritis, C., Lagos, E., Ktena, M., Karadimitri, K., Bekiari, A., Alexopoulou, K., Pomini, V., Gournellis, R., & Ginieri-Coccosis, M. (2021). COVID-19 and quality of life: The role of cognitive, affective, and behavioral factors. Psychology, 12, 1506 – 1528. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2021.1210095
Papadopoulou, V., Lykidou S., Moraitou, D., & Papantoniou, G. (2017). The role of gratitude and forgiveness in retirement adjustment. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 14, 199-222.
Pezirkianidis, C., & Stalikas, A. (2020). Introduction - Latest developments in positive psychology: The case of Greece. Psychology: The Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society, 25(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.25328
Quintana-Orts, C., & Rey, L. (2018). Forgiveness and cyberbullying in adolescence: Does willingness to forgive help minimize the risk of becoming a cyberbully? Computers in Human Behavior, 81, 209–214. https://doi.org/0.1016/j.chb.2017.12.021
Rey, L., & Extremera, N. (2014). Positive psychological characteristics and interpersonal forgiveness: Identifying the unique contribution of emotional intelligence abilities, Big Five traits, gratitude and optimism. Personality and Individual Differences, 68, 199-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.04.030
Rye, M. S., Loiacono, D. M., Folck, C. D., Olszewski, B. T., Heim, T. A., & Madia, B. P. (2001). Evaluation of the psychometric properties of two forgiveness scales. Current Psychology, 20(3), 260–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-001-1011-6
Steiner, M., Allemand, M., & McCullough, M. E. (2011). Age differences in forgivingness: The role of transgression frequency and intensity. Journal of Research in Personality, 45(6), 670-678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.09.004
Tackett, J. L., Slobodskaya, H. R., Mar, R. A., Deal, J., Halverson, C. F., Baker, S. R., Pavlopoulos, V., & Besevegis, E. (2012). The hierarchical structure of childhood personality in five countries: Continuity from early childhood to early adolescence. Journal of Personality, 80(4), 847-879. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00748.x
Thompson, L. Y., & Synder, C. R. (2003). Measuring forgiveness. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures (pp. 301-312). American Psychological Association.
Thompson, L. Y., Snyder, C. R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S. T., Rasmussen, H. N., Billings, L. S., Heinze, L., Neufeld, J. E., Shorey, H. S., Roberts, J. C., & Roberts, D. E. (2005). Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of Personality, 73(2), 313-359. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00311.x
Tilkeridou, M., Moraitou, D., Pezirkianidis, C., & Stalikas, A. (2021). The relationships between gratitude, forgiveness, hope, and subjective well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 18(2), 112-153. https://doi.org/10.26262/hjp.v18i2.7955
Toussaint, L., & Webb, J. R. (2005). Gender differences in the relationship between empathy and forgiveness. Journal of Social Psychology, 145(6), 673-685. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.145.6.673-686
United Nations Children’s Fund, 2020. Responding to COVID-19: UNICEF Annual Report 2020. UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/reports/responding-to-covid-19
van Rensburg, E. J., & Raubenheimer, J. (2015). Does forgiveness mediate the impact of school bullying on adolescent mental health? Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health, 27(1), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2014.955502
Vassilopoulos, S., Koutsoura, A., Brouzos, A., & Tamami, D. (2020). Promoting forgiveness in Greek preadolescents: a universal, school-based group intervention. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 48(5), 670-684. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2018.1527285
Wade, N., & Tittler, M. (2019). Handbook of forgiveness: Review of empirical evidence. Routledge.
Wade, N. G., Hoyt, W. T., & Worthington, E. L., Jr. (2014). Efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions to promote forgiveness: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(1), 154-170. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035268
Walker, D., & Gorsuch, R. (2002). Forgiveness with the Big Five personality model. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 1127-1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00185-9
Wang, T. (2008a). Adult attachment and forgiveness in Taiwanese college students. Psychological Reports, 103(1), 161-169. https://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.103.5.161-169
Wang, T. (2008b). Forgiveness and big five personality traits among Taiwanese undergraduates. Social Behavior and Personality, 36, 849-850. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.6.849
Worthington, E. (2007). Handbook of forgiveness. Routledge.
Τα περισσότερο διαβασμένα άρθρα του ίδιου συγγραφέα(s)