Σύντομη εξέταση της νοητικής κατάστασης σε αναλφάβητα άτομα και σε άτομα με χαμηλό εκπαιδευτικό επίπεδο: Περιορισμοί και προτάσεις

Manuscript (English)
Δημοσιευμένα: Dec 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.31694
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
αναλφάβητα άτομα χαμηλό εκπαιδευτικό επίπεδο Σύντομη Εξέταση της Νοητικής Κατάστασης προτάσεις
Μαρία-Αικατερίνη Μανδυλά
Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης,Εργαστήριο Γνωστικής Νευροεπιστήμης
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1095-0619
Μαίρη Κοσμίδου
Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης,Εργαστήριο Γνωστικής Νευροεπιστήμης
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8790-1220
Περίληψη

Η αύξηση του προσδόκιμου ζωής συσχετίζεται με αύξηση του αριθμού των ηλικιωμένων ατόμων τα οποία διαγιγνώσκονται με άνοια. Με βάση το γεγονός ότι τα άτομα με χαμηλό εκπαιδευτικό επίπεδο/χωρίς εκπαίδευση συχνά αποτελούν την πλειονότητα ερευνητικών δειγμάτων ηλικιωμένων, καθίσταται επιτακτική η ανάγκη να αναγνωριστούν -ή/και να δημιουργηθούν εκ νέου- κατάλληλες νευροψυχολογικές δοκιμασίες για την πρώιμη ανίχνευση και τη διάγνωση γνωστικής έκπτωσης στη συγκεκριμένη ομάδα. Δεδομένου ότι αρκετές νευροψυχολογικές δοκιμασίες υποεκτιμούν τις γνωστικές δεξιότητες των αναλφάβητων ατόμων και των ατόμων με χαμηλό εκπαιδευτικό επίπεδο, η χορήγησή τους σε αυτές τις ομάδες χρήζει επανεξέτασης ή απαιτείται αναθεώρηση της μορφής τους. Ένα ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενο διεθνώς εργαλείο κατά την κλινική εκτίμηση είναι η Σύντομη Εξέταση της Νοητικής Κατάστασης. Η εκπαίδευση αποτελεί σημαντικό προβλεπτικό παράγοντα της επίδοσης σε αυτή τη δοκιμασία, ως εκ τούτου, παρατηρείται διαφωνία μεταξύ των ερευνητών σχετικά με τη χρήση της σε πληθυσμούς με χαμηλό εκπαιδευτικό επίπεδο/χωρίς εκπαίδευση. Προκειμένου να μειωθεί η επίδραση της εκπαίδευσης, καθώς και άλλων παραγόντων, στην επίδοση, είναι διαθέσιμο ένα ευρύ φάσμα ερευνητικών προτάσεων, ωστόσο, αρκετοί μεθοδολογικοί περιορισμοί παραμένουν και κάποιοι νέοι έχουν προκύψει αναφορικά με τη χορήγηση της δοκιμασίας σε αναλφάβητα άτομα ή σε άτομα με χαμηλό εκπαιδευτικό επίπεδο. Στην παρούσα μελέτη, παρουσιάζουμε μια επισκόπηση των δυσκολιών που προκύπτουν κατά τη χρήση και ερμηνεία της επίδοσης της Σύντομης Εξέτασης της Νοητικής Κατάστασης, τις προτάσεις χορήγησης και τους περιορισμούς που ανακύπτουν εξ αυτών, καθώς επίσης, υπογραμμίζονται οι βέλτιστες μέθοδοι χρήσης της κλίμακας για την κλινική εκτίμηση ατόμων με χαμηλό εκπαιδευτικό επίπεδο/χωρίς εκπαίδευση.

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