A case study on preschool children’s preferences of and perspectives on their male and female early childhood educator


Published: Oct 20, 2023
Keywords:
Μale educators female educators children’s and parental perspectives early childhood education and care Mosaic approach
Konstantina Rentzou
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0692-7283
Abstract

Purpose of the study: The present case study aimed at exploring preschool children’s perspectives on if and how early childhood educators’ gender shapes the way they view their educators’ pedagogical role and the extent to which children show a preference to an educator based on his/her gender. Similarities and differences between boy’s and girls’ perceptions about their educators’ role were also explored. On the other hand, the study aimed at exploring whether children manifest different attitudes towards their educators at home. Method: Data from eight preschool-aged children were collected through children’s drawings, photographs, and conversational interviews. Five parents also completed an online questionnaire with open-ended questions. Results, Implications & conclusions: The study revealed that children assign a playful role to the male educator and an educational role to the female educator. Both children’s and parent’s data indicate that the existence of a male educator meets children’s, and especially boys’, desire or need for a male figure in the feminized ECEC sector. In addition, the study accentuates the need to listen to children’s voices for all issues affecting them, as well as to adopt a variety of methods to create diversified perspectives.

Article Details
  • Section
  • Scientific columns
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Alase, A. (2017). The interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA): A guide to a good qualitative research approach. International Journal of Education & Literacy Studies, 5(2), 9-19. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.5n.2p.9
Anliak, S., & Sahin-Beyazkurk, D. (2008). Career perspectives of male students in early childhood education. Education Studies, 34, 309-317. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055690802034518
Cameron, C. (2006). Men in the nursery revisited: Issues of male workers and professionalism. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 7(1), 68–79. https://doi.org/10.2304/ciec.2006.7.1.68
Clark, A. (2005). Ways of seeing: Using the Mosaic approach to listen to young children’s perspectives. In A. Clark, A.T. Kjørholt, & P. Moss (eds.). Beyond Listening. Children’s perspectives on early childhood services (p.p. 22-49). Policy Press.
Clyde, M. (1994). Men in early childhood: What do women think about it? Paper presented at the Association for Childhood Educational Study Conference, New Orleans, LA, March 30–April 2. Retrieved January 15, 2023 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED370711.pdf
Council of the European Union (2019). Council recommendation of 22 May 2019 on high-quality early childhood education and care systems (2019/C 189/02). Retrieved June 13, 2022 from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32019H0605%2801%29
Creswell J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
de Sousa, G., R. (2021). “Men who care : A review of studies on male practitioners in early childhood education and care”. Presented at the European Conference on Educational Research (ECER 2021), (Online Conference), Geneva, Switzerland, September 6-10, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2022 from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1593255&dswid=-860
Erden, S., Ozgun, O., & Ciftci, M. A. (2011). “I am a man, but I am a pre-school education teacher”: Self- and social-perception of male pre-school teachers. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3199-3204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.271
European Commission (2011). Early childhood education and care: Providing all our children with the best start for the world of tomorrow. Communication from the Commission, Brussels, 17.2.2011, COM(2011) 66 final. Retrieved January 25, 2015 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0066:FIN:EN:PDF
European Commission (2014). Proposal for key principles of a quality framework for early childhood education and care. Report of the Working Group on early childhood education and care under the auspices of the European Commission. Retrieved June 13, 2022 from https://www.earlychildhoodworkforce.org/node/214
Farquhar, S.E. (2005). How to pick remarkable childcare and education. Retrieved February 20, 2006, from www.menteach.org.
Grigoropoulos, H. (2020). Male early childhood educators in childcare centers. Attitudes about their role and absence. A qualitative study. Investigating the Child’s World, 16, 42–57. https://doi.org/10.12681/icw.19006
Harris, K., & Barnes, S. (2009). Male teacher, female teacher: Exploring children’s perspectives of teachers’ roles in kindergartens. Early Child Development and Care, 179(2), 167-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430802667005
Huber, J., & Traxl, B. (2018). Pedagogical differences and similarities between male and female educators, and their impact on boys’ and girls’ behaviour in early childhood education and care institutions in Austria. Research Papers in Education, 33(4), 452-471. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2017.1353674
Jones, C. E. (2016) ‘… For the love of children and the joy of childhood’: The reported values, beliefs and practices of male practitioners in England. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 14(4), 407-430. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X15577005
Lyons, M., Quinn, A., & Sumsion. J. (2005). Primary research – Gender, the labour market, the workplace and policy in children’s services: Parent, staff and student attitudes. Australian Journal of Early childhood, 30(1), Retrieved January 4, 2009 from http://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/australian_journal_of_early_childhood/ajec_index_abstracts/gender_the_labour_market_the_workplace_and_policy_in_childrens_services.html.
OECD (2006). Starting strong II early childhood education and care. OECD Publishing
OECD (2019). Good practice for good jobs in early childhood education and care: Eight policy measures from OECD countries. OECD Publishing.
Pietkiewicz, I. & Smith, J. A. (2012). Praktyczny przewodnik interpretacyjnej analizy fenomenologicznej w badaniach jakościowych w psychologii. Czasopismo Psychologiczne, 18(2), 361-369.
Rentzou, K. (2017). Mapping gender segregation in pre-primary and primary education in Cyprus. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 25(2), 198-219. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060826516658765
Rentzou, K. (2013). Greek male senior high school students’ attitudes and perceptions towards early childhood education and care. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 18(1), 45-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2012.655442
Rentzou, K. (2011). Greek parents’ perceptions of male early childhood educators. Early Years, 31(2), 135-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2010.530247
Rentzou, K., & Ziganitidou, K. (2009). Greek male early childhood educators: Self and societal perceptions towards their chosen profession. Early Years, 29(3), 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575140903286359
Rodríguez-Carrillo, J., Mérida-Serrano, R., & González-Alfaya, M.E. (2020). ‘A teacher’s hug can make you feel better’: Listening to U.S. children’s voices on high-quality early childhood teaching. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 28(4), 504-518. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2020.1783925
Sandberg, A., & Pramling-Samuelsson, I. (2005). An interview study of gender differences in preschool teachers’ attitudes toward children’s play. Early Childhood Education Journal, 32(5), 297-305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-005-4400-x
Sakellariou, M., & Rentzou, K. (2011). Greek female early childhood educators’ perceptions towards their male co-workers. In UNESCO Chair in Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment, University of Cyprus (Eds.). International Conference Proceedings: Mapping the Gender Equality: Research and Practices. The national and international perspective. 22 – 23 October 2010 (p.p. 145-153). Nicosia: University of Cyprus, Nicosia.
Sarofil Abu Bakar, M. (2001). Children’s drawings as research tool: Establishing children’s environmental concepts and preferences with reference to urban open space planning and design in Johore Bahru, Malaysia. Volume 1. [Doctoral Thesis]. Department of Landscape Architecture Faculty of Architectural Studies The University of Sheffield, U.K. Retrieved March 7, 2023 from https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15049/1/392549_Vol1.pdf
Shaham, D. (1991). Male teachers in early childhood education: Self and social perceptions. (Unpublished MS thesis). Bank Street College of Education.
Smith, J. A. (2017). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Getting at lived experience. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(3), 303-304. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1262622
Smith, J. A. & Osborn, M. (2015). Interpretative phenomenological analysis as a useful methodology for research on the lived experience of pain. British Journal of Pain, 9(1), 41–42. http://doi.org/10.1177/2049463714541642
Smith, J. A. & Osborn, M. (2008). “Interpretive phenomenological analysis”. In J. A. Smith (Ed.). Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods (2nd edition) (pp. 53- 80). Sage Publications Ltd. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi.
Summers, M., Stroud, J.C., Stroud, J.E., & Heaston, A. (1991). Preschoolers’ perceptions of teacher role and importance. Early Child Development and Care, 68(1), 125-131. http://doi.org/10.1080/0300443910680111
Sumsion, J. (2005). Male teachers in early childhood education: Issues and case study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 20, 10-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2005.01.001
United Nations General Assembly (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. United Nations.
van Polanen, M., Colonnesi, C., Tavecchio, L.W.C, Blokhuis, S., & Fukkink, R.G. (2017a). Men and women in childcare: A study of caregiver–child interactions. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 25(3), 412-424. http://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2017.1308165
van Polanen, M., Colonnesi, C., Fukkink, R.G., & Tavecchio, L.W.C. (2017b). Is caregiver gender important for boys and girls? Gender-specific child–caregiver interactions and attachment relationships. Early Education and Development, 28(5), 559-571. http://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2016.1258928
Warin, J. (2019). Conceptualising the value of male practitioners in early childhood education and care: Gender balance or gender flexibility. Gender and Education, 31(3), 293-308. http://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2017.1380172
Xu, Y. (2020). Does the gender of a practitioner matter in early childhood education and care? Perspectives from Scottish and Chinese young children. Children & Society, 34(5), 354–370. http://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12371
Ya-Huei, H. (2014). Analyzing children’s drawings. In 21st Century Academic Forum Conference at UC Berkeley, 2(1), 57-65. Retrieved March 7, 2023 from http://www.21caf.org/uploads/1/3/5/2/13527682/hsu_ya.pdf
Yin R. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.