Η επίδραση των επιστημικών πεποιθήσεων στις εκπαιδευτικές πεποιθήσεις και στις επιλογές διδακτικών σεναρίων υποψήφιων εκπαιδευτικών: Από τη θεωρία στην εκπαιδευτική πράξη


Δημοσιευμένα: May 23, 2025
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
επιστημικές πεποιθήσεις εκπαιδευτικές πεποιθήσεις διδακτικά σενάρια υποψήφιοι εκπαιδευτικοί
Νατάσσα Κυριακοπούλου
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1282-6056
Ειρήνη Σκοπελίτη
Περίληψη

Πολύ πριν την έναρξη των  πανεπιστημιακών τους σπουδών οι υποψήφιοι εκπαιδευτικοί (ΥΕ) έχουν διαμορφώσει πεποιθήσεις για τη γνώση, τη μάθηση και τη διδασκαλία,  βασισμένες στις σχολικές τους εμπειρίες. Οι πεποιθήσεις αυτές αποτελούν ένα σύνθετο σύστημα, όπου συχνά συνυπάρχουν αντικρουόμενες πεποιθήσεις οι οποίες επηρεάζουν την εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία. Ειδικότερα, οι επιστημικές πεποιθήσεις για τη φύση και τη δομή της γνώσης φαίνεται να συνδέονται στενά με πεποιθήσεις για τη μάθηση και να επηρεάζουν τις διδακτικές πρακτικές. Η παρούσα έρευνα εξετάζει: α) τις επιστημικές πεποιθήσεις 231 φοιτητών/τριών προγραμμάτων Προσχολικής Αγωγής και Εκπαίδευσης δύο Πανεπιστημιακών Τμημάτων της Ελλάδας, β) τη σχέση των επιστημικών πεποιθήσεων με τις εκπαιδευτικές πεποιθήσεις για τη διδασκαλία και τη γνωστική εμπλοκή των μαθητών και γ) την επίδραση των επιστημικών και των εκπαιδευτικών πεποιθήσεων στις επιλογές διδακτικών σεναρίων. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι οι πεποιθήσεις των ΥΕ παρουσιάζουν έλλειψη εσωτερικής συνοχής· αναδείχτηκαν πεποιθήσεις σε συμφωνία και ασυμφωνία ταυτόχρονα με μία κονστρουκτιβιστική επιστημολογία και μια μαθητοκεντρική προσέγγιση στη μάθηση και τη διδασκαλία. Βρέθηκε επίσης ότι μια εκλεπτυσμένη κονστρουκτιβιστική επιστημολογία αποτελεί θετικό προβλεπτικό παράγοντα: α) εκπαιδευτικών πεποιθήσεων σε συμφωνία με ένα μαθητοκεντρικό μοντέλο διδασκαλίας και β) επιλογών σε συμφωνία με ένα κονστρουκτιβιστικό ή αλληλεπιδραστικό διδακτικό σενάριο. Τα ευρήματα συζητούνται υπό το πρίσμα της Θεωρίας Πλαισίου για την εννοιολογική αλλαγή, σύμφωνα με την οποία οι αλλαγές στις επιστημικές πεποιθήσεις είναι προαπαιτούμενες για την κατανόηση και εφαρμογή σύγχρονων, κονστρουκτιβιστικών θεωριών μάθησης.

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